/ News & Press / Video / Natural gas production and marketing in the Marcellus Shale
Natural gas production and marketing in the Marcellus Shale
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:08.290 yes produced straight from the well is 00:00:10.32000:00:10.330 often not suitable for commercial 00:00:11.70000:00:11.710 purposes it's mixed with 00:00:13.41000:00:13.420 naturally-occurring water from the 00:00:14.97000:00:14.980 formation which needs to be removed 00:00:16.53000:00:16.540 through several processes and gas needs 00:00:19.76900:00:19.779 to be brought to the proper pressure for 00:00:21.54000:00:21.550 transport 00:00:22.32000:00:22.330 now these processes are called 00:00:24.35900:00:24.369 production production starts with the 00:00:27.30000:00:27.310 gas and water running in a flow line 00:00:28.98000:00:28.990 from the wellhead to the production 00:00:30.57000:00:30.580 equipment here on site from the time the 00:00:32.93900:00:32.949 gas and water reached the wellhead to 00:00:34.68000:00:34.690 the time they leave this location safety 00:00:37.11000:00:37.120 measures are in place to protect the 00:00:39.15000:00:39.160 environment 00:00:39.96000:00:39.970 our primary element of protection is the 00:00:42.18000:00:42.190 tree Christmas trees are always 00:00:44.04000:00:44.050 engineered to be able to withstand 00:00:45.21000:00:45.220 maximum wellhead pressures from this 00:00:47.79000:00:47.800 point gas and minerals will flow down 00:00:49.53000:00:49.540 the flow line we use two types of 00:00:51.63000:00:51.640 protection computerized and pneumatic 00:00:54.45000:00:54.460 devices that continuously monitor that 00:00:56.36900:00:56.379 flow if in fact there is any change in 00:00:58.64900:00:58.659 that flow it'll send out an alarm and 00:01:01.14000:01:01.150 it'll be shut in at the wellhead nothing 00:01:03.32900:01:03.339 will be able to go beyond this point 00:01:05.12000:01:05.130 from the flow line gas reaches the 00:01:07.85900:01:07.869 equipment called a separator and you 00:01:09.84000:01:09.850 guessed it this unit separates the water 00:01:11.96900:01:11.979 from the gas the separator also is 00:01:14.37000:01:14.380 equipped with an emergency shutdown 00:01:15.75000:01:15.760 valve and is lined with a steel tray 00:01:18.26000:01:18.270 that produce fluids travel from the 00:01:21.00000:01:21.010 separator into the tanks the tanks are 00:01:23.43000:01:23.440 set in secondary containment in the 00:01:25.26000:01:25.270 event of a release the containment is 00:01:28.02000:01:28.030 engineered to hold one-and-a-half times 00:01:29.79000:01:29.800 the capacity of the largest tank in the 00:01:32.55000:01:32.560 battery the containment is made of heavy 00:01:35.10000:01:35.110 plastic supported by a full perimeter 00:01:37.44000:01:37.450 steel frame in addition to that we have 00:01:40.23000:01:40.240 a radar level detector in the top of the 00:01:42.30000:01:42.310 tank so if the level in the tank gets 00:01:44.61000:01:44.620 too high an alarm will be triggered and 00:01:46.83000:01:46.840 that flow can be shut down remotely or 00:01:49.32000:01:49.330 on location from the tanks water is 00:01:52.50000:01:52.510 hauled by truck to Chesapeake's 00:01:54.09000:01:54.100 innovative aqua renew facilities which 00:01:56.28000:01:56.290 allow Chesapeake to reuse 100% of its 00:01:59.34000:01:59.350 produced water the gas travels to a 00:02:01.59000:02:01.600 sales meter like this one the meter 00:02:03.87000:02:03.880 monitors the pressure and volume of gas 00:02:05.94000:02:05.950 flowing into each pipeline system if 00:02:08.16000:02:08.170 needed gas may receive some additional 00:02:10.41000:02:10.420 compression here at this production 00:02:11.97000:02:11.980 location so it's able to have sufficient 00:02:13.94900:02:13.959 pressure to enter the pipeline or gas 00:02:16.86000:02:16.870 can receive further compression and 00:02:18.72000:02:18.730 processing at a larger site called 00:02:21.04000:02:21.050 central delivery point or CDP the CDP 00:02:24.34000:02:24.350 receives the natural gas from many wells 00:02:26.65000:02:26.660 the more gas entering the facility the 00:02:28.99000:02:29.000 more compressors are needed on site 00:02:30.73000:02:30.740 often compressors are housed in 00:02:32.89000:02:32.900 buildings are surrounded by sound walls 00:02:34.75000:02:34.760 to reduce noise to nearby areas a 00:02:37.27000:02:37.280 special processing unit you can often 00:02:39.61000:02:39.620 find at a CDP is called a dehydrator 00:02:42.49000:02:42.500 it's another piece of equipment that 00:02:44.29000:02:44.300 removes water from the gas to meet 00:02:46.18000:02:46.190 specified contract terms gas comes into 00:02:49.45000:02:49.460 contact with the glycol at the contact 00:02:51.55000:02:51.560 your tire glycol is an agent that bonds 00:02:54.34000:02:54.350 with water at this point the glycol is 00:02:56.56000:02:56.570 sent to the reboiler or is heated to 00:02:58.81000:02:58.820 approximately 300 to 70 degrees at that 00:03:01.36000:03:01.370 temperature the glycol will release its 00:03:03.19000:03:03.200 water in the form of steam the glycol 00:03:05.62000:03:05.630 then returns to the contactor tire where 00:03:07.48000:03:07.490 assumes the process the result is 00:03:09.79000:03:09.800 cleaner drier gas from the CBP or 00:03:13.69000:03:13.700 directly from the wellhead production 00:03:15.31000:03:15.320 equipment the pipeline brings gas to a 00:03:17.89000:03:17.900 location where it'll be processed and 00:03:20.08000:03:20.090 compressed again depending on its 00:03:21.91000:03:21.920 condition and what the utilities buying 00:03:23.83000:03:23.840 the gas required pipelines can cross 00:03:27.07000:03:27.080 miles and miles of land land that's 00:03:29.59000:03:29.600 treated with the highest respect for its 00:03:31.30000:03:31.310 existing condition before the pipe can 00:03:33.61000:03:33.620 be safely installed underground the 00:03:35.50000:03:35.510 pathway or right-of-way is cleared and 00:03:37.84000:03:37.850 graded once the pipeline is built and 00:03:40.24000:03:40.250 installed we restore this right-of-way 00:03:42.72900:03:42.739 with vegetation as we're working on the 00:03:45.25000:03:45.260 pipeline Chesapeake protects sensitive 00:03:47.32000:03:47.330 areas neighboring the right-of-way from 00:03:49.75000:03:49.760 any erosion or dirt runoff we use two 00:03:53.74000:03:53.750 devices we use cell fence and silt sack 00:03:56.25000:03:56.260 the silt sock is new to the industry 00:03:59.17000:03:59.180 it's easier to install it requires no 00:04:01.33000:04:01.340 excavation that's a sock filled with a 00:04:03.22000:04:03.230 compost material that we place and stake 00:04:05.47000:04:05.480 on our right aways and the edges of our 00:04:07.51000:04:07.520 topsoil piles to keep any sediment from 00:04:09.61000:04:09.620 eroding during the rain shower will move 00:04:12.40000:04:12.410 miles of steel pipe into position we 00:04:14.74000:04:14.750 call this stringing the pipe different 00:04:17.02000:04:17.030 pipe is used in different situations 00:04:18.49000:04:18.500 during the gathering stage of transport 00:04:20.86000:04:20.870 when natural gas travels from the well 00:04:23.17000:04:23.180 to a central processing facility and 00:04:25.81000:04:25.820 then to the consumer oh by the way much 00:04:28.72000:04:28.730 of the pipe we use is made locally the 00:04:31.63000:04:31.640 coating that we have here is fusion 00:04:34.18000:04:34.190 bonded 00:04:34.87000:04:34.880 oxi that's applied at the factory and 00:04:36.94000:04:36.950 it's used in prevention of corrosion and 00:04:39.34000:04:39.350 pitting of our pipe and our pipe 00:04:41.56000:04:41.570 diameter sizes vary from six inch to 00:04:43.93000:04:43.940 twenty-four depending on the volume of 00:04:45.55000:04:45.560 gas we need to carry to our delivery 00:04:47.71000:04:47.720 points the strung pipe rests on skids 00:04:50.98000:04:50.990 wooden platforms which protect and 00:04:53.17000:04:53.180 stabilize it until it's placed in the 00:04:55.00000:04:55.010 trench see these white coverings on the 00:04:57.46000:04:57.470 end of the pipe we call these night caps 00:04:59.65000:04:59.660 we put them on open pipe when we leave 00:05:01.93000:05:01.940 the jobsite each night to protect 00:05:03.94000:05:03.950 against invasion by animals before the 00:05:06.64000:05:06.650 pipes buried it's aligned with precision 00:05:08.80000:05:08.810 accuracy and fused with at least three 00:05:11.08000:05:11.090 and as many as five super-strong welds 00:05:14.23000:05:14.240 at each joint depending on pipe 00:05:16.15000:05:16.160 thickness this work is done by highly 00:05:18.58000:05:18.590 skilled welders creating more employment 00:05:20.92000:05:20.930 opportunities for local workers this 00:05:23.35000:05:23.360 pipe clamp that they use for a lineup 00:05:25.51000:05:25.520 for to weld their pipe joints together 00:05:27.82000:05:27.830 once the pipes in place here well adjust 00:05:29.89000:05:29.900 this down to get a true alignment on our 00:05:31.96000:05:31.970 pipe the welders are then start welding 00:05:34.48000:05:34.490 it about ten percent of the weld 00:05:36.04000:05:36.050 completed then they'll pull the clamps 00:05:37.57000:05:37.580 off continued the required amount of 00:05:39.61000:05:39.620 passes complete the weld and then to 00:05:42.22000:05:42.230 move on to the next joint x-rays taken 00:05:45.01000:05:45.020 on-site with a special mobile unit 00:05:46.81000:05:46.820 determine if there's even the slightest 00:05:48.79000:05:48.800 flaw in the welded joint that could lead 00:05:50.77000:05:50.780 to weakness the first thing we're going 00:05:52.96000:05:52.970 to do when we set up on our pipe is 00:05:54.58000:05:54.590 we're going to cone off the area for 00:05:56.62000:05:56.630 safety using the appropriate distances 00:05:58.66000:05:58.670 depending on the strength of our camera 00:06:00.25000:06:00.260 at that point then we will set up on the 00:06:02.29000:06:02.300 film we shoot three shots per weld to 00:06:05.65000:06:05.660 cover three hundred sixty degrees of the 00:06:07.15000:06:07.160 weld after that we will go to the truck 00:06:10.15000:06:10.160 which is a mobile darkroom process the 00:06:12.76000:06:12.770 film dry it and then I will view it for 00:06:14.80000:06:14.810 any defects in the weld any potential 00:06:17.89000:06:17.900 problem areas are revealed removed ree 00:06:20.23000:06:20.240 welded and re x-rayed when the pipe 00:06:22.99000:06:23.000 joint is determined sound it's painted 00:06:25.33000:06:25.340 with an epoxy coating to protect the 00:06:27.25000:06:27.260 joint underground and there's still more 00:06:29.44000:06:29.450 protection soil conditions might require 00:06:32.56000:06:32.570 a rock crusher to pulverize larger rocks 00:06:35.11000:06:35.120 into trench before backfilling so 00:06:37.45000:06:37.460 there's less risk of damage to the pipes 00:06:39.58000:06:39.590 coating over time now you run the G 00:06:42.55000:06:42.560 meter down the pipe picked up any 00:06:44.53000:06:44.540 corrosion rough spots or bare metal if 00:06:46.69000:06:46.700 it will be patching whenever you find 00:06:48.01000:06:48.020 any 00:06:48.67000:06:48.680 and you heat up saying the pipe heat it 00:06:51.80000:06:51.810 up and then put pipe dope on it and then 00:06:53.78000:06:53.790 you run the NEET beater back over the 00:06:55.16000:06:55.170 top of it if it don't be better than you 00:06:56.90000:06:56.910 go a rock shield can be wrapped around 00:06:59.72000:06:59.730 pipes to further protect them safety is 00:07:02.21000:07:02.220 key when installing a pipe line when the 00:07:04.34000:07:04.350 pipe in the trench are ready the pipe 00:07:06.29000:07:06.300 goes in the side booms will hook onto it 00:07:08.99000:07:09.000 with belts they'll pick it up the formal 00:07:11.63000:07:11.640 motion for the tractors to boom over 00:07:14.12000:07:14.130 into the center of the ditch they'll let 00:07:16.46000:07:16.470 it down the welders will clean the ends 00:07:18.74000:07:18.750 of the pipe and then weld it to the far 00:07:21.83000:07:21.840 end and then let it down on the bags and 00:07:24.02000:07:24.030 come to this end and cut the pipe to 00:07:26.54000:07:26.550 length and weld it together also there's 00:07:29.18000:07:29.190 one more important safety tests before 00:07:31.07000:07:31.080 gas flows through the line the 00:07:33.20000:07:33.210 underground pipe is filled with water 00:07:35.06000:07:35.070 that reaches a pressure at least one and 00:07:37.25000:07:37.260 a half times greater than the highest 00:07:39.08000:07:39.090 pressure pipe gas will ever reach any 00:07:41.78000:07:41.790 possible leaks will be detected during 00:07:43.94000:07:43.950 this hydrostatic testing and then repair 00:07:46.40000:07:46.410 in some cases the pipe line needs to 00:07:49.37000:07:49.380 travel around or under an obstacle that 00:07:51.77000:07:51.780 can't be disturbed like a stream a rock 00:07:54.11000:07:54.120 formation or a road so pipe can navigate 00:07:57.86000:07:57.870 these areas several ways one way is to a 00:08:00.08000:08:00.090 process called boring which brings the 00:08:02.54000:08:02.550 pipe under the area on areas when we're 00:08:05.99000:08:06.000 building out right away we have to get 00:08:07.22000:08:07.230 from point A to point B we use a method 00:08:09.41000:08:09.420 called boring in which we have to drill 00:08:11.45000:08:11.460 a hole larger than the diameter of our 00:08:13.10000:08:13.110 pipe to get from one side to the other 00:08:14.63000:08:14.640 to connect their pipe line another way 00:08:17.69000:08:17.700 to lay a pipe line across the road by 00:08:20.72000:08:20.730 actually cutting the road up here where 00:08:23.24000:08:23.250 we cross our municipal roads that are 00:08:24.86000:08:24.870 gravel or unimproved highways we trench 00:08:28.46000:08:28.470 we start in the middle the road we 00:08:30.11000:08:30.120 trench half way across and we'll put 00:08:32.06000:08:32.070 steel plates over to so we can maintain 00:08:34.37000:08:34.380 traffic around once that side's 00:08:36.71000:08:36.720 accomplished then we switch to the other 00:08:38.21000:08:38.220 side and we'll open cut that trench 00:08:40.28000:08:40.290 Millea plate over that and then we'll 00:08:41.84000:08:41.850 have a trench underneath and traffic can 00:08:43.43000:08:43.440 flow freely over the road when pipes 00:08:46.13000:08:46.140 need to work around angles they can 00:08:47.90000:08:47.910 actually be bent skilled engineers can 00:08:50.60000:08:50.610 literally create a bend in the pipe 00:08:52.34000:08:52.350 without stressing the pipe or its joints 00:08:55.72000:08:55.730 it's just to get to whatever to well so 00:08:57.85000:08:57.860 it is we have to go with the contour of 00:08:59.19900:08:59.209 the land and we can't to go around 00:09:00.73000:09:00.740 obstacles so we have to bend the pipe to 00:09:02.86000:09:02.870 go around that obstacle to get to where 00:09:04.93000:09:04.940 we got to go 00:09:06.18000:09:06.190 ongoing care ensures the pipeline can 00:09:08.94900:09:08.959 last indefinitely our leak detection is 00:09:11.82900:09:11.839 done by survey it's either done areally 00:09:14.86000:09:14.870 with helicopters or airplanes where they 00:09:16.66000:09:16.670 look for signs of a gas leak or manually 00:09:19.15000:09:19.160 we walk the pipeline with leak detection 00:09:21.93900:09:21.949 equipment such as our flame ionization 00:09:23.71000:09:23.720 unit and diagnose the problem if there 00:09:26.43900:09:26.449 is one regular checks and procedures 00:09:29.07900:09:29.089 maintaining the pipes integrity give a 00:09:31.18000:09:31.190 pipeline limitless distance potential 00:09:33.57900:09:33.589 here in the u.s. there are lines 00:09:35.65000:09:35.660 bringing natural gas from one end of the 00:09:37.78000:09:37.790 country to the other 00:09:38.86000:09:38.870 it's pretty amazing if you stop to think 00:09:41.11000:09:41.120 about it
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