Natural gas production and marketing in the Marcellus Shale

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:08.290
yes produced straight from the well is
00:00:10.320 00:00:10.330 often not suitable for commercial
00:00:11.700 00:00:11.710 purposes it's mixed with
00:00:13.410 00:00:13.420 naturally-occurring water from the
00:00:14.970 00:00:14.980 formation which needs to be removed
00:00:16.530 00:00:16.540 through several processes and gas needs
00:00:19.769 00:00:19.779 to be brought to the proper pressure for
00:00:21.540 00:00:21.550 transport
00:00:22.320 00:00:22.330 now these processes are called
00:00:24.359 00:00:24.369 production production starts with the
00:00:27.300 00:00:27.310 gas and water running in a flow line
00:00:28.980 00:00:28.990 from the wellhead to the production
00:00:30.570 00:00:30.580 equipment here on site from the time the
00:00:32.939 00:00:32.949 gas and water reached the wellhead to
00:00:34.680 00:00:34.690 the time they leave this location safety
00:00:37.110 00:00:37.120 measures are in place to protect the
00:00:39.150 00:00:39.160 environment
00:00:39.960 00:00:39.970 our primary element of protection is the
00:00:42.180 00:00:42.190 tree Christmas trees are always
00:00:44.040 00:00:44.050 engineered to be able to withstand
00:00:45.210 00:00:45.220 maximum wellhead pressures from this
00:00:47.790 00:00:47.800 point gas and minerals will flow down
00:00:49.530 00:00:49.540 the flow line we use two types of
00:00:51.630 00:00:51.640 protection computerized and pneumatic
00:00:54.450 00:00:54.460 devices that continuously monitor that
00:00:56.369 00:00:56.379 flow if in fact there is any change in
00:00:58.649 00:00:58.659 that flow it'll send out an alarm and
00:01:01.140 00:01:01.150 it'll be shut in at the wellhead nothing
00:01:03.329 00:01:03.339 will be able to go beyond this point
00:01:05.120 00:01:05.130 from the flow line gas reaches the
00:01:07.859 00:01:07.869 equipment called a separator and you
00:01:09.840 00:01:09.850 guessed it this unit separates the water
00:01:11.969 00:01:11.979 from the gas the separator also is
00:01:14.370 00:01:14.380 equipped with an emergency shutdown
00:01:15.750 00:01:15.760 valve and is lined with a steel tray
00:01:18.260 00:01:18.270 that produce fluids travel from the
00:01:21.000 00:01:21.010 separator into the tanks the tanks are
00:01:23.430 00:01:23.440 set in secondary containment in the
00:01:25.260 00:01:25.270 event of a release the containment is
00:01:28.020 00:01:28.030 engineered to hold one-and-a-half times
00:01:29.790 00:01:29.800 the capacity of the largest tank in the
00:01:32.550 00:01:32.560 battery the containment is made of heavy
00:01:35.100 00:01:35.110 plastic supported by a full perimeter
00:01:37.440 00:01:37.450 steel frame in addition to that we have
00:01:40.230 00:01:40.240 a radar level detector in the top of the
00:01:42.300 00:01:42.310 tank so if the level in the tank gets
00:01:44.610 00:01:44.620 too high an alarm will be triggered and
00:01:46.830 00:01:46.840 that flow can be shut down remotely or
00:01:49.320 00:01:49.330 on location from the tanks water is
00:01:52.500 00:01:52.510 hauled by truck to Chesapeake's
00:01:54.090 00:01:54.100 innovative aqua renew facilities which
00:01:56.280 00:01:56.290 allow Chesapeake to reuse 100% of its
00:01:59.340 00:01:59.350 produced water the gas travels to a
00:02:01.590 00:02:01.600 sales meter like this one the meter
00:02:03.870 00:02:03.880 monitors the pressure and volume of gas
00:02:05.940 00:02:05.950 flowing into each pipeline system if
00:02:08.160 00:02:08.170 needed gas may receive some additional
00:02:10.410 00:02:10.420 compression here at this production
00:02:11.970 00:02:11.980 location so it's able to have sufficient
00:02:13.949 00:02:13.959 pressure to enter the pipeline or gas
00:02:16.860 00:02:16.870 can receive further compression and
00:02:18.720 00:02:18.730 processing at a larger site called
00:02:21.040 00:02:21.050 central delivery point or CDP the CDP
00:02:24.340 00:02:24.350 receives the natural gas from many wells
00:02:26.650 00:02:26.660 the more gas entering the facility the
00:02:28.990 00:02:29.000 more compressors are needed on site
00:02:30.730 00:02:30.740 often compressors are housed in
00:02:32.890 00:02:32.900 buildings are surrounded by sound walls
00:02:34.750 00:02:34.760 to reduce noise to nearby areas a
00:02:37.270 00:02:37.280 special processing unit you can often
00:02:39.610 00:02:39.620 find at a CDP is called a dehydrator
00:02:42.490 00:02:42.500 it's another piece of equipment that
00:02:44.290 00:02:44.300 removes water from the gas to meet
00:02:46.180 00:02:46.190 specified contract terms gas comes into
00:02:49.450 00:02:49.460 contact with the glycol at the contact
00:02:51.550 00:02:51.560 your tire glycol is an agent that bonds
00:02:54.340 00:02:54.350 with water at this point the glycol is
00:02:56.560 00:02:56.570 sent to the reboiler or is heated to
00:02:58.810 00:02:58.820 approximately 300 to 70 degrees at that
00:03:01.360 00:03:01.370 temperature the glycol will release its
00:03:03.190 00:03:03.200 water in the form of steam the glycol
00:03:05.620 00:03:05.630 then returns to the contactor tire where
00:03:07.480 00:03:07.490 assumes the process the result is
00:03:09.790 00:03:09.800 cleaner drier gas from the CBP or
00:03:13.690 00:03:13.700 directly from the wellhead production
00:03:15.310 00:03:15.320 equipment the pipeline brings gas to a
00:03:17.890 00:03:17.900 location where it'll be processed and
00:03:20.080 00:03:20.090 compressed again depending on its
00:03:21.910 00:03:21.920 condition and what the utilities buying
00:03:23.830 00:03:23.840 the gas required pipelines can cross
00:03:27.070 00:03:27.080 miles and miles of land land that's
00:03:29.590 00:03:29.600 treated with the highest respect for its
00:03:31.300 00:03:31.310 existing condition before the pipe can
00:03:33.610 00:03:33.620 be safely installed underground the
00:03:35.500 00:03:35.510 pathway or right-of-way is cleared and
00:03:37.840 00:03:37.850 graded once the pipeline is built and
00:03:40.240 00:03:40.250 installed we restore this right-of-way
00:03:42.729 00:03:42.739 with vegetation as we're working on the
00:03:45.250 00:03:45.260 pipeline Chesapeake protects sensitive
00:03:47.320 00:03:47.330 areas neighboring the right-of-way from
00:03:49.750 00:03:49.760 any erosion or dirt runoff we use two
00:03:53.740 00:03:53.750 devices we use cell fence and silt sack
00:03:56.250 00:03:56.260 the silt sock is new to the industry
00:03:59.170 00:03:59.180 it's easier to install it requires no
00:04:01.330 00:04:01.340 excavation that's a sock filled with a
00:04:03.220 00:04:03.230 compost material that we place and stake
00:04:05.470 00:04:05.480 on our right aways and the edges of our
00:04:07.510 00:04:07.520 topsoil piles to keep any sediment from
00:04:09.610 00:04:09.620 eroding during the rain shower will move
00:04:12.400 00:04:12.410 miles of steel pipe into position we
00:04:14.740 00:04:14.750 call this stringing the pipe different
00:04:17.020 00:04:17.030 pipe is used in different situations
00:04:18.490 00:04:18.500 during the gathering stage of transport
00:04:20.860 00:04:20.870 when natural gas travels from the well
00:04:23.170 00:04:23.180 to a central processing facility and
00:04:25.810 00:04:25.820 then to the consumer oh by the way much
00:04:28.720 00:04:28.730 of the pipe we use is made locally the
00:04:31.630 00:04:31.640 coating that we have here is fusion
00:04:34.180 00:04:34.190 bonded
00:04:34.870 00:04:34.880 oxi that's applied at the factory and
00:04:36.940 00:04:36.950 it's used in prevention of corrosion and
00:04:39.340 00:04:39.350 pitting of our pipe and our pipe
00:04:41.560 00:04:41.570 diameter sizes vary from six inch to
00:04:43.930 00:04:43.940 twenty-four depending on the volume of
00:04:45.550 00:04:45.560 gas we need to carry to our delivery
00:04:47.710 00:04:47.720 points the strung pipe rests on skids
00:04:50.980 00:04:50.990 wooden platforms which protect and
00:04:53.170 00:04:53.180 stabilize it until it's placed in the
00:04:55.000 00:04:55.010 trench see these white coverings on the
00:04:57.460 00:04:57.470 end of the pipe we call these night caps
00:04:59.650 00:04:59.660 we put them on open pipe when we leave
00:05:01.930 00:05:01.940 the jobsite each night to protect
00:05:03.940 00:05:03.950 against invasion by animals before the
00:05:06.640 00:05:06.650 pipes buried it's aligned with precision
00:05:08.800 00:05:08.810 accuracy and fused with at least three
00:05:11.080 00:05:11.090 and as many as five super-strong welds
00:05:14.230 00:05:14.240 at each joint depending on pipe
00:05:16.150 00:05:16.160 thickness this work is done by highly
00:05:18.580 00:05:18.590 skilled welders creating more employment
00:05:20.920 00:05:20.930 opportunities for local workers this
00:05:23.350 00:05:23.360 pipe clamp that they use for a lineup
00:05:25.510 00:05:25.520 for to weld their pipe joints together
00:05:27.820 00:05:27.830 once the pipes in place here well adjust
00:05:29.890 00:05:29.900 this down to get a true alignment on our
00:05:31.960 00:05:31.970 pipe the welders are then start welding
00:05:34.480 00:05:34.490 it about ten percent of the weld
00:05:36.040 00:05:36.050 completed then they'll pull the clamps
00:05:37.570 00:05:37.580 off continued the required amount of
00:05:39.610 00:05:39.620 passes complete the weld and then to
00:05:42.220 00:05:42.230 move on to the next joint x-rays taken
00:05:45.010 00:05:45.020 on-site with a special mobile unit
00:05:46.810 00:05:46.820 determine if there's even the slightest
00:05:48.790 00:05:48.800 flaw in the welded joint that could lead
00:05:50.770 00:05:50.780 to weakness the first thing we're going
00:05:52.960 00:05:52.970 to do when we set up on our pipe is
00:05:54.580 00:05:54.590 we're going to cone off the area for
00:05:56.620 00:05:56.630 safety using the appropriate distances
00:05:58.660 00:05:58.670 depending on the strength of our camera
00:06:00.250 00:06:00.260 at that point then we will set up on the
00:06:02.290 00:06:02.300 film we shoot three shots per weld to
00:06:05.650 00:06:05.660 cover three hundred sixty degrees of the
00:06:07.150 00:06:07.160 weld after that we will go to the truck
00:06:10.150 00:06:10.160 which is a mobile darkroom process the
00:06:12.760 00:06:12.770 film dry it and then I will view it for
00:06:14.800 00:06:14.810 any defects in the weld any potential
00:06:17.890 00:06:17.900 problem areas are revealed removed ree
00:06:20.230 00:06:20.240 welded and re x-rayed when the pipe
00:06:22.990 00:06:23.000 joint is determined sound it's painted
00:06:25.330 00:06:25.340 with an epoxy coating to protect the
00:06:27.250 00:06:27.260 joint underground and there's still more
00:06:29.440 00:06:29.450 protection soil conditions might require
00:06:32.560 00:06:32.570 a rock crusher to pulverize larger rocks
00:06:35.110 00:06:35.120 into trench before backfilling so
00:06:37.450 00:06:37.460 there's less risk of damage to the pipes
00:06:39.580 00:06:39.590 coating over time now you run the G
00:06:42.550 00:06:42.560 meter down the pipe picked up any
00:06:44.530 00:06:44.540 corrosion rough spots or bare metal if
00:06:46.690 00:06:46.700 it will be patching whenever you find
00:06:48.010 00:06:48.020 any
00:06:48.670 00:06:48.680 and you heat up saying the pipe heat it
00:06:51.800 00:06:51.810 up and then put pipe dope on it and then
00:06:53.780 00:06:53.790 you run the NEET beater back over the
00:06:55.160 00:06:55.170 top of it if it don't be better than you
00:06:56.900 00:06:56.910 go a rock shield can be wrapped around
00:06:59.720 00:06:59.730 pipes to further protect them safety is
00:07:02.210 00:07:02.220 key when installing a pipe line when the
00:07:04.340 00:07:04.350 pipe in the trench are ready the pipe
00:07:06.290 00:07:06.300 goes in the side booms will hook onto it
00:07:08.990 00:07:09.000 with belts they'll pick it up the formal
00:07:11.630 00:07:11.640 motion for the tractors to boom over
00:07:14.120 00:07:14.130 into the center of the ditch they'll let
00:07:16.460 00:07:16.470 it down the welders will clean the ends
00:07:18.740 00:07:18.750 of the pipe and then weld it to the far
00:07:21.830 00:07:21.840 end and then let it down on the bags and
00:07:24.020 00:07:24.030 come to this end and cut the pipe to
00:07:26.540 00:07:26.550 length and weld it together also there's
00:07:29.180 00:07:29.190 one more important safety tests before
00:07:31.070 00:07:31.080 gas flows through the line the
00:07:33.200 00:07:33.210 underground pipe is filled with water
00:07:35.060 00:07:35.070 that reaches a pressure at least one and
00:07:37.250 00:07:37.260 a half times greater than the highest
00:07:39.080 00:07:39.090 pressure pipe gas will ever reach any
00:07:41.780 00:07:41.790 possible leaks will be detected during
00:07:43.940 00:07:43.950 this hydrostatic testing and then repair
00:07:46.400 00:07:46.410 in some cases the pipe line needs to
00:07:49.370 00:07:49.380 travel around or under an obstacle that
00:07:51.770 00:07:51.780 can't be disturbed like a stream a rock
00:07:54.110 00:07:54.120 formation or a road so pipe can navigate
00:07:57.860 00:07:57.870 these areas several ways one way is to a
00:08:00.080 00:08:00.090 process called boring which brings the
00:08:02.540 00:08:02.550 pipe under the area on areas when we're
00:08:05.990 00:08:06.000 building out right away we have to get
00:08:07.220 00:08:07.230 from point A to point B we use a method
00:08:09.410 00:08:09.420 called boring in which we have to drill
00:08:11.450 00:08:11.460 a hole larger than the diameter of our
00:08:13.100 00:08:13.110 pipe to get from one side to the other
00:08:14.630 00:08:14.640 to connect their pipe line another way
00:08:17.690 00:08:17.700 to lay a pipe line across the road by
00:08:20.720 00:08:20.730 actually cutting the road up here where
00:08:23.240 00:08:23.250 we cross our municipal roads that are
00:08:24.860 00:08:24.870 gravel or unimproved highways we trench
00:08:28.460 00:08:28.470 we start in the middle the road we
00:08:30.110 00:08:30.120 trench half way across and we'll put
00:08:32.060 00:08:32.070 steel plates over to so we can maintain
00:08:34.370 00:08:34.380 traffic around once that side's
00:08:36.710 00:08:36.720 accomplished then we switch to the other
00:08:38.210 00:08:38.220 side and we'll open cut that trench
00:08:40.280 00:08:40.290 Millea plate over that and then we'll
00:08:41.840 00:08:41.850 have a trench underneath and traffic can
00:08:43.430 00:08:43.440 flow freely over the road when pipes
00:08:46.130 00:08:46.140 need to work around angles they can
00:08:47.900 00:08:47.910 actually be bent skilled engineers can
00:08:50.600 00:08:50.610 literally create a bend in the pipe
00:08:52.340 00:08:52.350 without stressing the pipe or its joints
00:08:55.720 00:08:55.730 it's just to get to whatever to well so
00:08:57.850 00:08:57.860 it is we have to go with the contour of
00:08:59.199 00:08:59.209 the land and we can't to go around
00:09:00.730 00:09:00.740 obstacles so we have to bend the pipe to
00:09:02.860 00:09:02.870 go around that obstacle to get to where
00:09:04.930 00:09:04.940 we got to go
00:09:06.180 00:09:06.190 ongoing care ensures the pipeline can
00:09:08.949 00:09:08.959 last indefinitely our leak detection is
00:09:11.829 00:09:11.839 done by survey it's either done areally
00:09:14.860 00:09:14.870 with helicopters or airplanes where they
00:09:16.660 00:09:16.670 look for signs of a gas leak or manually
00:09:19.150 00:09:19.160 we walk the pipeline with leak detection
00:09:21.939 00:09:21.949 equipment such as our flame ionization
00:09:23.710 00:09:23.720 unit and diagnose the problem if there
00:09:26.439 00:09:26.449 is one regular checks and procedures
00:09:29.079 00:09:29.089 maintaining the pipes integrity give a
00:09:31.180 00:09:31.190 pipeline limitless distance potential
00:09:33.579 00:09:33.589 here in the u.s. there are lines
00:09:35.650 00:09:35.660 bringing natural gas from one end of the
00:09:37.780 00:09:37.790 country to the other
00:09:38.860 00:09:38.870 it's pretty amazing if you stop to think
00:09:41.110 00:09:41.120 about it
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12

Phone: +7 343 216 77 75

E-mail: info@lotus1.ru

Sales phone

Russia: +7 343 216 77 75

WhatsApp: +79122710308