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What is ALLAM CYCLE What does ALLAM CYCLE mean ALLAM CYCLE meaning, definition & explanation
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:05.920 [Music] 00:00:16.59900:00:16.609 the Helen power cycle or Allen cycle is 00:00:20.15000:00:20.160 a process for converting fossil fuels 00:00:22.46000:00:22.470 into mechanical power while capturing 00:00:25.04000:00:25.050 the generated carbon dioxide and water 00:00:27.76900:00:27.779 the main inventor behind the process is 00:00:30.50000:00:30.510 Rodney John Elam a conventional combined 00:00:33.70900:00:33.719 cycle power station burns natural gas or 00:00:36.65000:00:36.660 gasified coal with air to drive a gas 00:00:39.11000:00:39.120 turbine and then uses the hot exhaust 00:00:41.00000:00:41.010 gas to heat water and drive a steam 00:00:43.54900:00:43.559 turbine the working fluid for the gas 00:00:46.31000:00:46.320 turbine is carbon dioxide and water 00:00:48.74000:00:48.750 vapor from the combustion along with 00:00:51.41000:00:51.420 nitrogen from the air partially 00:00:53.38900:00:53.399 converted into nitrogen oxide with this 00:00:56.47900:00:56.489 system it is possible to achieve an LHV 00:00:59.56900:00:59.579 efficiency of around 55 to 59 percent 00:01:02.65000:01:02.660 the gas is driving the gas turbine will 00:01:05.66000:01:05.670 also constitute the principal emissions 00:01:07.91000:01:07.920 from the station unless captured by an 00:01:10.46000:01:10.470 external system at expense of a lower 00:01:12.92000:01:12.930 total efficiency in addition the station 00:01:16.42900:01:16.439 requires a cooling tower our access to 00:01:18.85900:01:18.869 large amounts of water for cooling in 00:01:21.16000:01:21.170 contrast the alum cycle uses a single 00:01:24.44000:01:24.450 turbine driven by a working fluid 00:01:26.71900:01:26.729 consisting of only water and carbon 00:01:28.94000:01:28.950 dioxide the mass of the latter being 00:01:31.24900:01:31.259 around 97% of the total this is achieved 00:01:34.76000:01:34.770 by using pure oxygen instead of air to 00:01:37.46000:01:37.470 burn the fuel similarly two combined 00:01:40.10000:01:40.110 cycle plants the intended fuel is 00:01:42.64900:01:42.659 natural gas or gasified coal the exhaust 00:01:45.98000:01:45.990 gas is cooled in a heat exchanger and 00:01:48.44000:01:48.450 the steam is condensed and separated 00:01:50.99000:01:51.000 from the flow becoming a potential 00:01:53.09000:01:53.100 source of freshwater the carbon dioxide 00:01:56.51000:01:56.520 is compressed mechanically and a small 00:01:59.09000:01:59.100 amount matching the amount continuously 00:02:01.52000:02:01.530 added through combustion is captured at 00:02:04.10000:02:04.110 high pressure ready for pipeline 00:02:06.10900:02:06.119 transmission the rest of the carbon 00:02:08.83900:02:08.849 dioxide is reheated in the heat 00:02:10.66900:02:10.679 exchanger and recycled into 00:02:12.92000:02:12.930 combustion unit where it continues to 00:02:15.47000:02:15.480 form the vast majority of the working 00:02:17.59900:02:17.609 fluid even though only one turbine is 00:02:20.47900:02:20.489 used the alum cycle can potentially 00:02:23.27000:02:23.280 achieve efficiencies up to about 59 00:02:25.61000:02:25.620 percent 00:02:26.47900:02:26.489 lhv for natural gas and 51 - 52 percent 00:02:30.83000:02:30.840 lhv for gasified coal this is due to the 00:02:34.78900:02:34.799 use of carbon dioxide as the main 00:02:36.97900:02:36.989 constituent of the working fluid in its 00:02:39.77000:02:39.780 supercritical state which it reaches in 00:02:42.37900:02:42.389 the combustion unit carbon dioxide is 00:02:45.11000:02:45.120 very efficient for driving a turbine 00:02:47.37900:02:47.389 also energy losses from phase 00:02:50.08900:02:50.099 transitions of water are avoided which 00:02:52.75900:02:52.769 allows Vallon cycle plants to recover 00:02:54.92000:02:54.930 more energy in their heat exchangers 00:02:56.24000:02:56.250 than combined cycle plants can do add 00:02:59.30000:02:59.310 this efficiency carbon dioxide capture 00:03:02.83900:03:02.849 is already a part of the alum cycle 00:03:04.97000:03:04.980 whereas if desired in conventional 00:03:07.33900:03:07.349 plants the capture has to be added as an 00:03:10.03900:03:10.049 external function that may decrease the 00:03:11.92900:03:11.939 overall efficiency by around 10% 00:03:14.78000:03:14.790 unlike the combined cycle the alum cycle 00:03:18.17000:03:18.180 requires an air separation unit to 00:03:20.75000:03:20.760 supply the cycle with oxygen on the 00:03:23.59900:03:23.609 other hand there is no need for 00:03:25.58000:03:25.590 large-scale external cooling there is 00:03:28.21900:03:28.229 only one turbine and small components 00:03:30.94900:03:30.959 can be used as the system operates at 00:03:33.67900:03:33.689 high pressures and thus high power 00:03:35.62900:03:35.639 densities complete alum cycle power 00:03:38.62900:03:38.639 stations can therefore be smaller than 00:03:41.08900:03:41.099 combined cycle stations even before 00:03:43.87900:03:43.889 having the considerable size of carbon 00:03:46.15900:03:46.169 dioxide capture equipment this 00:03:48.67900:03:48.689 potentially makes the capital cost for 00:03:51.14000:03:51.150 the alum cycle lower than for the 00:03:53.03000:03:53.040 combined cycle at equivalent capacities 00:03:55.46000:03:55.470 other advantages include the complete 00:03:58.30900:03:58.319 absence of nitrogen oxide in the waste 00:04:00.74000:04:00.750 and for stations located in dry 00:04:03.25900:04:03.269 environments the integrated generation 00:04:05.83900:04:05.849 of water a 50 MW t demonstration plans 00:04:09.71000:04:09.720 for electricity generation using the 00:04:12.02000:04:12.030 alum cycle is being built in La Porte 00:04:14.33000:04:14.340 Texas the project is a collaboration 00:04:17.53900:04:17.549 between among others exelon Toshiba CB 00:04:22.33900:04:22.349 and I and eight rivers Capital can 00:04:25.48000:04:25.490 struction started in March 2016 and it 00:04:28.74900:04:28.759 is expected that the plant will be 00:04:30.43000:04:30.440 generating electricity to the grid by 00:04:32.87900:04:32.889 2017 the carbon dioxide supplied by 00:04:36.61000:04:36.620 Elham cycle plants could potentially be 00:04:38.86000:04:38.870 sold for use in enhanced oil recovery 00:04:42.36000:04:42.370
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