00:00:00.030 what is going on everyone my name is 00:00:01.34000:00:01.350 Kota Moore and welcome back to 00:00:02.30000:00:02.310 electronics episode 19 in this episode 00:00:04.51900:00:04.529 we are going to learn about capacitors 00:00:06.23000:00:06.240 now capacitors are able to store 00:00:08.12000:00:08.130 electrical charge and they act kind of 00:00:10.12900:00:10.139 like mini batteries now they're not 00:00:11.81000:00:11.820 exactly like batteries but that's just 00:00:13.70000:00:13.710 one way to kind of think about it for 00:00:15.28900:00:15.299 now don't worry we'll get into a more 00:00:16.84900:00:16.859 advanced explanation in a little bit but 00:00:19.01000:00:19.020 for now let me show you some of the most 00:00:20.51000:00:20.520 common types of capacitors because 00:00:22.42900:00:22.439 capacitors like many of the other 00:00:24.20000:00:24.210 electronics components come in many 00:00:26.06000:00:26.070 different shapes sizes and types perhaps 00:00:28.49000:00:28.500 one of the most common types of 00:00:29.87000:00:29.880 capacitors that we'll see and probably 00:00:31.46000:00:31.470 one of the main capacitor types that 00:00:33.31900:00:33.329 I'll be using throughout this tutorial 00:00:34.76000:00:34.770 series are the electrolytic capacitors 00:00:37.04000:00:37.050 which are shown here 00:00:38.06000:00:38.070 now electrolytic capacitors can be very 00:00:39.83000:00:39.840 small and they can be very large of 00:00:41.63000:00:41.640 course in this tutorial series will 00:00:43.13000:00:43.140 probably be only dealing with the 00:00:44.77900:00:44.789 smaller of the electrolytic capacitors 00:00:46.79000:00:46.800 now when we learned about LEDs we know 00:00:48.68000:00:48.690 that one of the metal leads coming from 00:00:50.60000:00:50.610 the LED is longer than the other and 00:00:52.63900:00:52.649 that means it's the anode or it has to 00:00:54.56000:00:54.570 be connected to the more positive part 00:00:56.24000:00:56.250 of the battery now electrolytic 00:00:57.68000:00:57.690 capacitors at the exact same way as you 00:01:00.13900:01:00.149 can see on this capacitor at the right 00:01:01.93900:01:01.949 here you can see that this metal lead 00:01:04.67000:01:04.680 here is much longer than the other metal 00:01:08.14900:01:08.159 lead here 00:01:08.69000:01:08.700 so the longer of the two metal leads in 00:01:11.14900:01:11.159 this case this one would be the anode or 00:01:13.67000:01:13.680 it would have to be connected to the 00:01:15.10900:01:15.119 more positive side of your circuit while 00:01:17.03000:01:17.040 the shorter leg over here would have to 00:01:19.10000:01:19.110 be connected to the more negative side 00:01:20.89900:01:20.909 of the circuit that's very important to 00:01:22.46000:01:22.470 remember whenever you're working with 00:01:23.66000:01:23.670 electrolytic capacitors another way to 00:01:25.76000:01:25.770 tell which of the leads of the capacitor 00:01:28.19000:01:28.200 is positive or which is negative many of 00:01:30.49900:01:30.509 the electrolytic capacitors will have a 00:01:32.03000:01:32.040 stripe on the side of them with a 00:01:33.64900:01:33.659 negative symbol and some arrows that 00:01:35.96000:01:35.970 means the lead that is closest to this 00:01:38.06000:01:38.070 stripe here should be the cathode or 00:01:40.21900:01:40.229 should be connected to the more negative 00:01:41.60000:01:41.610 side of your circuit on the electrolytic 00:01:43.85000:01:43.860 capacitor on the right here 00:01:45.10900:01:45.119 we can't see that stripe but we know 00:01:46.99900:01:47.009 because of this shorter lead this must 00:01:49.34000:01:49.350 be the negative part or the cathode it's 00:01:51.62000:01:51.630 also important to remember that all 00:01:53.17900:01:53.189 capacitors have a voltage rating on the 00:01:55.76000:01:55.770 capacitor on the left here you can see 00:01:57.41000:01:57.420 upside-down it says 35 V that means this 00:02:00.67900:02:00.689 should be placed in a circuit of a 00:02:02.09000:02:02.100 maximum of 35 volts you should not put 00:02:04.73000:02:04.740 this capacitor in a circuit with more 00:02:06.59000:02:06.600 than 35 volts so it's also important to 00:02:08.83900:02:08.849 keep an eye on the voltage maximum that 00:02:11.21000:02:11.220 these capacitors have those are 00:02:12.94900:02:12.959 electrolytic capacitors let's move on to 00:02:14.90000:02:14.910 another type of capacitor this capacitor 00:02:16.88000:02:16.890 here is called a ceramic disc capacitor 00:02:19.10000:02:19.110 and they're probably the second most 00:02:20.63000:02:20.640 common type of capacitor that we'll be 00:02:22.28000:02:22.290 using in this tutorial series 00:02:23.93000:02:23.940 they're called disc capacitors because 00:02:25.61000:02:25.620 as you can see the top of them are 00:02:27.32000:02:27.330 shaped kind of like a little flat disc 00:02:29.33000:02:29.340 now these capacitors ceramic disc 00:02:31.30900:02:31.319 capacitors are not polarized so you can 00:02:34.04000:02:34.050 put either this lead as the anode and 00:02:36.92000:02:36.930 connect you to the plus side and this 00:02:38.50900:02:38.519 lead to the negative side or you can 00:02:40.22000:02:40.230 even do it the other way around you can 00:02:41.90000:02:41.910 make this the negative side and this the 00:02:43.82000:02:43.830 positive side it doesn't matter which 00:02:45.58900:02:45.599 way you connect ceramic disc capacitors 00:02:47.63000:02:47.640 together so that's one of the main 00:02:48.94900:02:48.959 differences between ceramic disc 00:02:50.47900:02:50.489 capacitors and electrolytic capacitors 00:02:52.61000:02:52.620 you can connect ceramic disc capacitors 00:02:54.68000:02:54.690 in any way that you want in your circuit 00:02:56.44900:02:56.459 the third type of capacitor that I'm 00:02:57.83000:02:57.840 going to show you are called poly film 00:02:59.54000:02:59.550 capacitors and just like disc capacitors 00:03:02.05900:03:02.069 they are not polarized meaning you can 00:03:03.97900:03:03.989 connect either this lead or this lead to 00:03:05.78000:03:05.790 the positive or negative side of your 00:03:07.67000:03:07.680 circuit it doesn't really matter I'm 00:03:09.44000:03:09.450 probably not going to be using any of 00:03:10.88000:03:10.890 these film capacitors within this 00:03:12.50000:03:12.510 tutorial series but it's probably 00:03:14.30000:03:14.310 another type that you might see in some 00:03:15.92000:03:15.930 electronics work so we've seen the 00:03:17.86900:03:17.879 capacitors now what the heck do they do 00:03:19.79000:03:19.800 and how do they work now before I get 00:03:21.68000:03:21.690 too far into the explanation of 00:03:23.30000:03:23.310 capacitors let me just show you the 00:03:25.03900:03:25.049 schematic symbols for capacitors now 00:03:27.71000:03:27.720 there are two main schematic symbols for 00:03:29.86900:03:29.879 capacitors that you will see and these 00:03:32.30000:03:32.310 are them the first schematic symbol that 00:03:34.67000:03:34.680 you'll see here is often used for either 00:03:36.68000:03:36.690 a ceramic disc capacitor or any 00:03:38.53900:03:38.549 capacitor that is not polarized it 00:03:40.72900:03:40.739 doesn't matter which way you connect the 00:03:42.19900:03:42.209 leads most often they're used like that 00:03:44.05900:03:44.069 but of course you might just see this as 00:03:45.55900:03:45.569 a general form of a capacitor in a 00:03:47.83900:03:47.849 schematic the other form of schematic 00:03:50.03000:03:50.040 symbol for the capacitor over here on 00:03:51.71000:03:51.720 the right is generally used for 00:03:53.27000:03:53.280 polarized capacitors like electrolytic 00:03:55.75900:03:55.769 capacitors as you can see instead of two 00:03:58.00900:03:58.019 straight lines we have a straight line 00:03:59.57000:03:59.580 and a curved line over here now this 00:04:01.91000:04:01.920 straight line generally signifies the 00:04:03.97900:04:03.989 anode or the more positive side of the 00:04:06.35000:04:06.360 component while the curved side 00:04:08.03000:04:08.040 represents the cathode or the more 00:04:10.10000:04:10.110 negative side of the component so that's 00:04:11.89900:04:11.909 the important difference between the two 00:04:13.28000:04:13.290 schematic symbols generally when you see 00:04:15.41000:04:15.420 one of these it's probably an 00:04:17.06000:04:17.070 electrolytic capacitor because it is 00:04:19.06900:04:19.079 polarized so let's move on to how these 00:04:21.22900:04:21.239 capacitors work now all capacitors have 00:04:23.78000:04:23.790 some type of capacitance rating 00:04:26.03000:04:26.040 in the unit fair at and the fair I'd 00:04:28.40000:04:28.410 unit is often denoted by the capital 00:04:30.29000:04:30.300 letter F like so now the third unit we 00:04:33.35000:04:33.360 don't really need to know for our 00:04:34.94000:04:34.950 purposes the technical details of what 00:04:37.31000:04:37.320 the unit actually means of course it 00:04:39.53000:04:39.540 would be very beneficial if you did know 00:04:41.33000:04:41.340 the technical side behind the farad unit 00:04:43.40000:04:43.410 so if you want to know that go ahead and 00:04:45.11000:04:45.120 do a bit more research online that would 00:04:46.76000:04:46.770 be very beneficial however for our 00:04:48.47000:04:48.480 purposes for this tutorial series we 00:04:50.69000:04:50.700 just have to be familiar with the farad 00:04:52.58000:04:52.590 unit and that should be good enough to 00:04:53.96000:04:53.970 continue following along with the series 00:04:55.76000:04:55.770 and eventually building a big computer 00:04:57.68000:04:57.690 now one farad is actually a very very 00:04:59.81000:04:59.820 very large value for our type of 00:05:01.79000:05:01.800 electronics work we won't even be 00:05:03.56000:05:03.570 touching a full fair eyed unit in fact 00:05:06.14000:05:06.150 we won't be dealing with fair ads at all 00:05:08.18000:05:08.190 instead we will probably be dealing 00:05:10.28000:05:10.290 mainly with the micro farad denoted by 00:05:13.97000:05:13.980 this weird little letter you kind of and 00:05:16.19000:05:16.200 the capital letter F this is a micro 00:05:19.15000:05:19.160 farad and a micro farad is one millionth 00:05:24.67000:05:24.680 0.000001 farads 00:05:27.20000:05:27.210 so many of the capacitors that we will 00:05:29.30000:05:29.310 be using are measured in micro farad's 00:05:31.61000:05:31.620 in not full farad's 00:05:33.23000:05:33.240 himself we may also be using nano farads 00:05:36.23000:05:36.240 and F this is a nano farad and an Arial 00:05:39.95000:05:39.960 farad is even smaller it is one 00:05:42.17000:05:42.180 thousandth a micro farad so it is 00:05:45.32000:05:45.330 extremely small these are the two units 00:05:47.78000:05:47.790 of farads that we'll be using because 00:05:49.55000:05:49.560 like I said a ferret is a very large 00:05:51.71000:05:51.720 value for the type of electronics work 00:05:53.42000:05:53.430 that we will be doing so this is what a 00:05:55.31000:05:55.320 capacitor does here I have a very simple 00:05:57.20000:05:57.210 circuit it consists of an LED and a 00:05:59.42000:05:59.430 resistor just hooked up in a regular 00:06:01.13000:06:01.140 circuit now I have a 9-volt battery here 00:06:03.29000:06:03.300 and I have a 1000 micro farad capacitor 00:06:05.89000:06:05.900 so what I'm going to do is I'm going to 00:06:07.73000:06:07.740 take the negative or the cathode side of 00:06:09.62000:06:09.630 the capacitor touch it to the cathode 00:06:11.24000:06:11.250 side of the battery and the positive 00:06:13.28000:06:13.290 side of the capacitor to the positive 00:06:15.02000:06:15.030 side of the battery just for about a 00:06:16.40000:06:16.410 second or two then I'm going to hook up 00:06:18.95000:06:18.960 the negative side of the capacitor to 00:06:21.02000:06:21.030 the negative power rail on my breadboard 00:06:22.88000:06:22.890 and the positive side of the capacitor 00:06:24.71000:06:24.720 to the positive power rail and as you 00:06:26.84000:06:26.850 can see the LED lights up and then 00:06:28.55000:06:28.560 slowly begins to dim as the capacitor 00:06:30.95000:06:30.960 discharges now one quick note please 00:06:33.47000:06:33.480 don't go out and just shove a capacitor 00:06:35.21000:06:35.220 anywhere in any circuit just yet because 00:06:37.43000:06:37.440 in order to do that properly and safely 00:06:39.11000:06:39.120 you're going to need 00:06:39.92000:06:39.930 another electronics component that we 00:06:41.45000:06:41.460 haven't talked about quite yet all right 00:06:43.12900:06:43.139 so what happened in that circuit we 00:06:45.23000:06:45.240 touched the capacitor to the battery 00:06:47.02900:06:47.039 just for a few seconds and then we plug 00:06:48.89000:06:48.900 the capacitor into our circuit and all 00:06:50.99000:06:51.000 the sudden it powered the LED for a few 00:06:52.87900:06:52.889 seconds and then the LED began to dim 00:06:54.86000:06:54.870 down so what was it about touching the 00:06:56.93000:06:56.940 capacitor to the battery that made this 00:06:58.64000:06:58.650 work now capacitors are made in many 00:07:00.52900:07:00.539 different ways but the basic form of a 00:07:02.54000:07:02.550 capacitor is you have a piece of 00:07:04.58000:07:04.590 conductive material and you have another 00:07:07.18900:07:07.199 piece of conductive material now these 00:07:09.86000:07:09.870 two pieces of conductive material are 00:07:11.93000:07:11.940 separated by usually a very very very 00:07:14.57000:07:14.580 thin layer of a dielectric material 00:07:17.60000:07:17.610 which is mainly an insulator so 00:07:19.82000:07:19.830 essentially we have two metal sheets 00:07:21.98000:07:21.990 separated by a very very very small 00:07:24.83000:07:24.840 amount of insulation and that is the 00:07:27.58900:07:27.599 basis of all capacitors and how they 00:07:30.05000:07:30.060 work so something as simple as literally 00:07:32.96000:07:32.970 a piece of metal with a tiny bit of 00:07:34.85000:07:34.860 separation from another piece of metal 00:07:36.49900:07:36.509 can power up a circuit so let's take a 00:07:39.17000:07:39.180 look what goes on when we actually 00:07:40.73000:07:40.740 connect this to something like a battery 00:07:43.58000:07:43.590 here is sort of a side view of what I 00:07:45.26000:07:45.270 just showed you these two places here 00:07:47.21000:07:47.220 are the two pieces of conductive 00:07:48.95000:07:48.960 material and just think that they're 00:07:50.60000:07:50.610 flat up against each other and separated 00:07:52.46000:07:52.470 by a tiny little sliver of dielectric 00:07:54.64900:07:54.659 material so without any battery power or 00:07:57.35000:07:57.360 anything these plates have some positive 00:08:00.32000:08:00.330 and negative charges on them and they 00:08:02.51000:08:02.520 probably have roughly the same amount of 00:08:04.64000:08:04.650 positive and negative charges on both of 00:08:07.39900:08:07.409 the plates all right well that's fine 00:08:08.93000:08:08.940 and dandy but what happens when we 00:08:10.90900:08:10.919 connect these plates to the batteries so 00:08:12.64900:08:12.659 essentially when we connected the 00:08:14.21000:08:14.220 capacitor to the battery one of these 00:08:16.33900:08:16.349 plates was being connected to the 00:08:18.56000:08:18.570 cathode and one of the plates was being 00:08:20.99000:08:21.000 connected to the anode essentially so 00:08:23.14900:08:23.159 that caused any negative charges on this 00:08:25.49000:08:25.500 plate here to flow out and through the 00:08:28.18900:08:28.199 battery which basically left this play 00:08:30.56000:08:30.570 as mainly positively charged with a 00:08:33.31900:08:33.329 bunch of positive charge on it whereas 00:08:35.99000:08:36.000 this plate over here gained many many 00:08:39.51900:08:39.529 electrons or negative charges right they 00:08:41.99000:08:42.000 it gained electron so it's more 00:08:43.79000:08:43.800 negatively charged now and as we kept 00:08:46.16000:08:46.170 this battery plugged into the capacitor 00:08:47.66000:08:47.670 these charges kept on separating and 00:08:51.21000:08:51.220 a bigger difference between the two 00:08:53.46000:08:53.470 plates now because these two metal 00:08:55.55900:08:55.569 plates are so close together these 00:08:57.74000:08:57.750 charges actually get attracted to the 00:09:01.29000:09:01.300 edge of the plates or towards one 00:09:05.24900:09:05.259 another rather so since each plate has 00:09:07.47000:09:07.480 more of a number of opposite charges 00:09:09.26900:09:09.279 they try to attract attract each other 00:09:11.34000:09:11.350 really really closely but they can't 00:09:13.53000:09:13.540 quite make it there because of the 00:09:14.79000:09:14.800 dielectric material in between so that's 00:09:17.10000:09:17.110 what happened when we plug the battery 00:09:18.44900:09:18.459 in now let's say that we disconnected 00:09:20.67000:09:20.680 the battery here we broke off the 00:09:22.65000:09:22.660 connection these plates still have that 00:09:24.80900:09:24.819 difference in charge now instead of the 00:09:27.86900:09:27.879 battery here we hooked up the exact same 00:09:30.54000:09:30.550 capacitor after it's all charged up and 00:09:32.55000:09:32.560 it has a large difference between the 00:09:34.49900:09:34.509 two plates 00:09:35.34000:09:35.350 we then hooked up these two plates to 00:09:37.29000:09:37.300 instead of a battery in LED and instead 00:09:39.86900:09:39.879 of drawing everything out here I'm just 00:09:41.24900:09:41.259 going to draw a circle to represent the 00:09:43.41000:09:43.420 LED but there was also a resistor in 00:09:45.44900:09:45.459 there so when we connected this up to 00:09:47.75900:09:47.769 the LED and let me just mark that here 00:09:50.06900:09:50.079 this was the LED here basically the 00:09:53.28000:09:53.290 charges began to equalize now it doesn't 00:09:56.22000:09:56.230 matter which way you think of it whether 00:09:57.44900:09:57.459 these negative or electrons were 00:09:59.34000:09:59.350 traveling through over to this plate or 00:10:00.99000:10:01.000 if the positive charges are traveling to 00:10:03.29900:10:03.309 this plate you can think of it either 00:10:04.47000:10:04.480 way but one way or the other this plate 00:10:06.80900:10:06.819 began to lose some of its negative 00:10:09.26900:10:09.279 charge through the LED right through the 00:10:12.74900:10:12.759 LED and onto this plate so now this 00:10:14.57900:10:14.589 plates gaining negative charges here and 00:10:16.47000:10:16.480 then of course maybe some positive 00:10:18.68900:10:18.699 charges going this way so this plate is 00:10:20.69900:10:20.709 beginning to gain positive charges 00:10:22.35000:10:22.360 because all the plates wanted to do this 00:10:24.60000:10:24.610 entire time are equalized their charges 00:10:26.79000:10:26.800 have the same number of positive and 00:10:28.65000:10:28.660 negative charges on each plate so once 00:10:31.49900:10:31.509 that LED was hooked up to the plates 00:10:33.21000:10:33.220 they had a pathway to change out those 00:10:36.11900:10:36.129 charges so because all these electrons 00:10:38.75900:10:38.769 are flowing through the LED that's 00:10:41.22000:10:41.230 essentially the same thing a battery 00:10:42.80900:10:42.819 does it it causes electrons to flow so 00:10:45.32900:10:45.339 if a capacitor is causing these 00:10:46.86000:10:46.870 electrons to flow from plate to plate it 00:10:49.49900:10:49.509 generates current now it's important to 00:10:52.19900:10:52.209 remember that no current actually 00:10:54.54000:10:54.550 travels through the capacitor itself I 00:10:57.80900:10:57.819 mean the schematic symbol literally has 00:11:00.66000:11:00.670 a gap in between the circuit there 00:11:03.89000:11:03.900 no current traveling through the 00:11:06.29000:11:06.300 capacitor however when you hook up a 00:11:08.81000:11:08.820 capacitor in a circuit like this it 00:11:10.76000:11:10.770 allows current to flow through the 00:11:13.04000:11:13.050 component because the charges are 00:11:15.29000:11:15.300 traveling through the component on to 00:11:18.26000:11:18.270 the other plates which creates of course 00:11:20.66000:11:20.670 electricity that motion of all these 00:11:23.30000:11:23.310 particles moving through the electronic 00:11:25.31000:11:25.320 component so no current actually flows 00:11:27.29000:11:27.300 through the capacitor itself but it can 00:11:30.44000:11:30.450 cause current to flow through your 00:11:32.27000:11:32.280 circuit and as we begin to use 00:11:33.83000:11:33.840 capacitors that you will become a bit 00:11:35.96000:11:35.970 more understandable for you alright so 00:11:38.12000:11:38.130 now let's get some miscellaneous 00:11:39.35000:11:39.360 learning out of the way here now there 00:11:41.54000:11:41.550 is something called a time constant when 00:11:43.49000:11:43.500 it comes to capacitors called an RC time 00:11:45.77000:11:45.780 constant and that's signified by the 00:11:47.99000:11:48.000 letter tau often and the equation is the 00:11:51.02000:11:51.030 tau equals or the time constant equals 00:11:54.05000:11:54.060 and probably saying that really bad the 00:11:56.23000:11:56.240 resistance times the capacitance right 00:12:02.18000:12:02.190 and capacitance is measured in farad's 00:12:04.55000:12:04.560 of course where the time constant tau is 00:12:07.55000:12:07.560 measured in seconds and resistance in 00:12:09.98000:12:09.990 ohms this is the amount of time it takes 00:12:14.33000:12:14.340 the capacitor to charge 63% about so 00:12:19.13000:12:19.140 after this many seconds a capacitor of 00:12:22.25000:12:22.260 capacitance whenever we plugged in here 00:12:24.14000:12:24.150 to the equation we'll have 63 percent of 00:12:27.11000:12:27.120 the voltage accumulated within the 00:12:28.91000:12:28.920 capacitor and it's generally safe to say 00:12:31.37000:12:31.380 that it's 98% charged so close to 100 00:12:35.15000:12:35.160 percent charge after 4 tau periods so if 00:12:40.52000:12:40.530 that sounded like some nonsense let me 00:12:42.50000:12:42.510 try this we will calculate the time 00:12:44.72000:12:44.730 constant right so we have tau equals the 00:12:47.69000:12:47.700 resistance let's say we had 10,000 ohms 00:12:51.41000:12:51.420 of resistance and our capacitor was 00:12:54.26000:12:54.270 rated at 1,000 micro farad's which is 00:12:57.68000:12:57.690 the same thing as point zero zero one 00:12:59.92000:12:59.930 farads of course so if we did this we 00:13:03.20000:13:03.210 got tau or the time constant to equal 10 00:13:06.31000:13:06.320 seconds so in this scenario with a 00:13:09.52000:13:09.530 10,000 ohms of resistance leading up to 00:13:12.56000:13:12.570 a 1000 micro farad capacitor 00:13:15.97000:13:15.980 it will take about ten seconds for the 00:13:18.76000:13:18.770 capacitor to charge 63% fully of its 00:13:22.36000:13:22.370 voltage and it should be almost fully 00:13:24.73000:13:24.740 charged after four periods of the second 00:13:27.67000:13:27.680 so it should be fully charged after taua 00:13:30.31000:13:30.320 times four or forty seconds of being 00:13:34.12000:13:34.130 connected to your voltage source or 00:13:35.86000:13:35.870 whatever now this is a pretty extreme 00:13:37.54000:13:37.550 example so that is how you can estimate 00:13:39.73000:13:39.740 the amount of time it will take for a 00:13:41.32000:13:41.330 capacitor to get fully charged now I 00:13:43.81000:13:43.820 know that this video hasn't gone too far 00:13:45.79000:13:45.800 in depth with capacitors but I will 00:13:47.65000:13:47.660 explain one more thing in this tutorial 00:13:49.63000:13:49.640 series and that is what happens if we 00:13:51.82000:13:51.830 have two capacitors in series well in 00:13:55.33000:13:55.340 the form of resistors if these were two 00:13:58.15000:13:58.160 resistors in series we would just add 00:14:00.16000:14:00.170 the resistance values together but when 00:14:03.19000:14:03.200 two capacitors are in series we do 00:14:05.50000:14:05.510 something a bit different so let's say 00:14:07.03000:14:07.040 the capacitance ratings of these 00:14:08.82000:14:08.830 capacitors are F 1 and F 2 and that's 00:14:11.65000:14:11.660 not really the proper form to write 00:14:13.06000:14:13.070 those in but nonetheless let's continue 00:14:15.07000:14:15.080 here the total amount of capacitance the 00:14:19.18000:14:19.190 total capacitance rating which I'll do 00:14:21.49000:14:21.500 TF is going to equal 1 over all of the 00:14:25.45000:14:25.460 capacitance ratings together dot dot so 00:14:29.65000:14:29.660 1 over the total amount of capacitance 00:14:32.29000:14:32.300 is going to equal 1 over the capacitance 00:14:34.93000:14:34.940 ratings for all of your capacitors in 00:14:37.21000:14:37.220 series this is the exact same equation 00:14:39.91000:14:39.920 essentially for resistors in parallel 00:14:42.03000:14:42.040 except don't get confused because this 00:14:44.23000:14:44.240 is for capacitors in series now if you 00:14:47.20000:14:47.210 were to have two capacitors in parallel 00:14:50.40000:14:50.410 instead so let's say we have more of a 00:14:53.56000:14:53.570 situation like this in parallel instead 00:14:57.34000:14:57.350 the equation will look very similar to 00:14:59.59000:14:59.600 that when resistors are in series so 00:15:02.05000:15:02.060 basically the total amount of 00:15:03.64000:15:03.650 capacitance rating is just going to 00:15:05.98000:15:05.990 equal F 1 plus F 2 and on and on and on 00:15:09.01000:15:09.020 so it's the same equations as resistors 00:15:11.14000:15:11.150 just flipped around when you're in 00:15:12.79000:15:12.800 series in parallel so that was today's 00:15:14.92000:15:14.930 video on capacitors again the more that 00:15:17.23000:15:17.240 we use capacitors the more we're 00:15:18.85000:15:18.860 actually going to understand about 00:15:20.14000:15:20.150 capacitors and when to use them and how 00:15:21.91000:15:21.920 they work and everything thanks for 00:15:23.23000:15:23.240 watching everyone and I'll see you guys 00:15:24.31000:15:24.320 in the next video
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