00:00:00.269 --> 00:00:03.679 In this video we're going to commit random acts of destruction and learn some 00:00:03.679 --> 00:00:06.060 Things about capacitors along the way. 00:00:06.060 --> 00:00:09.910 Recently an "electronic gold miner" had a good price on some high-quality capacitors 00:00:09.910 --> 00:00:11.749 And I bought many of them. 00:00:11.749 --> 00:00:14.780 Quality capacitors are just like normal capacitors 00:00:14.780 --> 00:00:16.199 It can save much more energy. 00:00:16.199 --> 00:00:17.550 Here is an example: 00:00:17.550 --> 00:00:21.369 This is a 560 microfarad 200 volt electrolytic capacitor. 00:00:22.329 --> 00:00:25.260 It is about as big as you will ever see on a consumer circuit board. 00:00:25.260 --> 00:00:28.480 The energy stored in the capacitor is given by this formula. 00:00:28.480 --> 00:00:32.460 If I apply a formula to this capacitor I can see it can be stored 00:00:32.460 --> 00:00:33.920 A maximum of 11.2 Joules. 00:00:33.920 --> 00:00:37.570 In certain circumstances this is sufficient to do some serious damage. 00:00:37.570 --> 00:00:40.870 Now a high-quality capacitor is 2,600 Faradat (which is not a mistake) 00:00:40.870 --> 00:00:43.760 2,600 Faradat 00:00:43.760 --> 00:00:46.270 A maximum of 2.5 volts. 00:00:46.270 --> 00:00:49.430 This means that one of the highest quality capacitors can store 8100 joules 00:00:49.430 --> 00:00:52.940 Energy is a big difference. 00:00:52.940 --> 00:00:55.390 So let's see what a few kilojoules can do. 00:00:55.390 --> 00:00:58.550 Here I have a high-quality capacitor that can charge at 2.35V 00:00:58.550 --> 00:01:03.319 We already see this thing dangerous. 00:01:03.319 --> 00:01:09.330 Let's start them by burning a welding cue. 00:01:09.330 --> 00:01:13.030 Now let's melt the medium. 00:01:13.030 --> 00:01:20.030 Here I am an understated cross over five cent coin. 00:01:22.220 --> 00:01:26.650 Wow, that beaver really took the bombardment. 00:01:26.650 --> 00:01:33.650 And I thought it was fun to make these chlorine effects light up like glow wires. 00:01:34.229 --> 00:01:40.530 Finally let's make some random sparks again just for fun. 00:01:40.530 --> 00:01:45.509 After all this, the capacitor is still charged at 1.7 volts. 00:01:45.509 --> 00:01:49.459 If you apply the stored energy capacitor equation before and after blowing things 00:01:49.459 --> 00:01:53.280 So you can see that I am used up 3370 joules of energy. 00:01:53.280 --> 00:01:55.110 So there is a lot behind. 00:01:55.110 --> 00:01:59.050 Now you may be wondering "How did you do all that with just 2 volts?" 00:01:59.050 --> 00:02:02.350 If you take two AA batteries and put them in a chain 00:02:02.350 --> 00:02:05.860 You can get 3 volts with 2.5 mAh of capacity 00:02:05.860 --> 00:02:09.559 That's 27,000 joules of stored energy. 00:02:09.559 --> 00:02:11.809 This is more effort and more capacity 00:02:11.809 --> 00:02:13.460 High quality capacitors 00:02:13.460 --> 00:02:16.380 And yet there is no way you can do with all things as you just did 00:02:16.380 --> 00:02:19.009 With two AA batteries. So what is the difference? 00:02:19.009 --> 00:02:23.899 The answer is a non-idealized property called "series equation resistance" 00:02:23.899 --> 00:02:25.519 "ESR" for short. 00:02:25.519 --> 00:02:29.309 Batteries, capacitors and many other electronic components 00:02:29.309 --> 00:02:30.400 Small internal resistance 00:02:30.400 --> 00:02:33.040 This limits the amount of current that can flow. 00:02:33.040 --> 00:02:36.919 For a typical AA alkaline battery equivalent to the resistance series is 00:02:36.919 --> 00:02:39.519 120 milliohms. 00:02:39.519 --> 00:02:43.609 When placing the load on the battery this resistance will cause a drop in voltage 00:02:43.609 --> 00:02:45.839 And generating heat inside the battery. 00:02:45.839 --> 00:02:50.389 For example a low power device such as a TV remote control may draw 00:02:50.389 --> 00:02:51.469 20 mAh. 00:02:51.469 --> 00:02:55.369 This would result in a decrease of 2.4mV (which is none) 00:02:55.369 --> 00:03:00.119 Generate 48 microwatts and heat in the battery. (This is also small). 00:03:00.119 --> 00:03:03.680 But if you try to draw 10 amps of the battery, it will be there 00:03:03.680 --> 00:03:06.120 Internal voltage drop of 1.2 volts. 00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:09.579 12 watts of heat will be generated inside the battery. 00:03:09.579 --> 00:03:13.289 Even at higher battery currents unreliable voltage and things 00:03:13.289 --> 00:03:16.639 Hot enough to be very unsafe. 00:03:16.639 --> 00:03:19.469 Now let's see how high-quality capacitors will work. 00:03:19.469 --> 00:03:23.610 This capacitor has an incredibly low equivalent to a series resistance of 0.7 million. 00:03:23.610 --> 00:03:24.979 Even with a ten-amp load, 00:03:24.979 --> 00:03:28.909 The internal voltage drop is 7 millivolts and only 70 milliwatts of heat 00:03:28.909 --> 00:03:30.759 Are created. 00:03:30.759 --> 00:03:32.219 That nothing. 00:03:32.219 --> 00:03:36.139 Up to 100 amps there are only 70 millivolts and 7 watts of 00:03:36.139 --> 00:03:38.079 Heat is generated. 00:03:38.079 --> 00:03:40.949 For a capacitor of this size this is no problem. 00:03:40.949 --> 00:03:43.989 So you can see that due to the very low ESR 00:03:43.989 --> 00:03:48.789 These high-quality capacitors can charge and discharge hundreds of amps without any problem. 00:03:48.789 --> 00:03:52.759 So anyway I would say that was pretty impressive for a 2 volt supply. 00:03:52.759 --> 00:03:55.729 Now let's see what happens with the higher voltage. 00:03:55.729 --> 00:03:58.340 If only I would put 4 high-quality capacitors in a chain. 00:03:58.340 --> 00:04:00.879 The maximum voltage will be 10 volts. 00:04:00.879 --> 00:04:04.930 With high voltage I can provide the most energy in a certain resistive load. 00:04:04.930 --> 00:04:07.679 More energy means bigger explosions! 00:04:07.679 --> 00:04:10.879 Here it looked connected to a high-quality capacitors group. 00:04:10.879 --> 00:04:14.039 But when I tried to charge it, I looked at the bottleneck. 00:04:14.039 --> 00:04:18.280 My charger for power supplies is limited to 5 amps and these capacitors are large 00:04:18.280 --> 00:04:21.760 It will take a really long time to be shipped. 00:04:21.760 --> 00:04:23.119 Since I have some time to waste, 00:04:23.119 --> 00:04:27.159 Let's estimate how long it will take using this formula. 00:04:27.159 --> 00:04:31.349 5 amps divided by 650 Farads gives me the costly rate 00:04:31.349 --> 00:04:33.999 7.69 millivolts per second. 00:04:33.999 --> 00:04:38.210 Since I want to charge me a range of up to 10 volts ... 10V / 7.69mV / s 00:04:38.210 --> 00:04:43.759 Equals 21.7 minutes. 00:04:43.759 --> 00:04:50.240 Well we are now at 9.65 volts, and let the fun begin! 00:04:50.240 --> 00:04:57.240 Oh this will be good ... 00:05:05.240 --> 00:05:12.240 Now the effects of chlorine don't dissolve anymore as they just evaporate. 00:05:14.930 --> 00:05:18.040 And it turns out that the insulation on the magnet wire is flammable ... 00:05:18.040 --> 00:05:19.839 I did not know that. 00:05:19.839 --> 00:05:21.800 Let's try with 10 cents. 00:05:23.500 --> 00:05:26.300 Wow 00:05:31.780 --> 00:05:34.849 (This ship appears to have sailed) 00:05:34.849 --> 00:05:41.849 Finally let's steam a nail. 00:05:52.949 --> 00:05:57.329 After all, the capacitors are still loaded at 9.33 volts. 00:05:57.329 --> 00:06:00.300 If you use the same energy storage formulas as before, 00:06:00.300 --> 00:06:03.799 You can see that I used about 2,000 joules of energy. 00:06:03.799 --> 00:06:06.749 In conclusion, high-quality capacitors are awesome and if you care about safety 00:06:06.749 --> 00:06:09.299 Do not do anything you did in this video !!!
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