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History Channel Documentary-How Big Oil Conquered the World
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:00.000 [Applause] 00:00:01.11900:00:01.129 hile prices help ExxonMobil boost its 00:00:04.49000:00:04.500 profits to nearly 11 billion dollars in 00:00:07.09900:00:07.109 the latest quarter the latest oil 00:00:09.74000:00:09.750 company to report a big rise in profits 00:00:15.67000:00:15.680 by the ability of oil-producing nations 00:00:19.57000:00:19.580 from the higher prices oil may be the 00:00:22.70000:00:22.710 easiest way for these guys to make the 00:00:24.01900:00:24.029 money I manipulate oil back above 50 00:00:26.35900:00:26.369 even $60 oil from farm to pharmaceutical 00:00:34.04000:00:34.050 diesel truck to dinner-plate pipeline to 00:00:37.19000:00:37.200 plastic product it is impossible to 00:00:39.61900:00:39.629 think of an area of our modern-day lives 00:00:41.42000:00:41.430 that is not effected by the 00:00:42.61900:00:42.629 petrochemical industry the story of oil 00:00:45.74000:00:45.750 is the story of the modern world parts 00:00:49.22000:00:49.230 of that story are well known Rockefeller 00:00:52.01000:00:52.020 and Standard Oil the internal combustion 00:00:54.83000:00:54.840 engine and the transformation of global 00:00:56.51000:00:56.520 transport the House of Saud and the oil 00:00:59.11900:00:59.129 wars in the Middle East other parts are 00:01:02.11900:01:02.129 more obscured the quest for oil in the 00:01:04.96900:01:04.979 outbreak of world war one the 00:01:06.73000:01:06.740 petrochemical interests behind modern 00:01:08.71900:01:08.729 medicine the big oil money behind the 00:01:11.21000:01:11.220 Green Revolution in the gene revolution 00:01:13.27000:01:13.280 but that story properly told begin 00:01:16.99900:01:17.009 somewhere unexpected not in Pennsylvania 00:01:19.60900:01:19.619 with the first commercial drilling 00:01:21.56000:01:21.570 operation in the first oil boom but in 00:01:23.96000:01:23.970 the rural backwoods of early 19th 00:01:25.73000:01:25.740 century New York State and it doesn't 00:01:28.37000:01:28.380 start with crude oil or its derivatives 00:01:30.05000:01:30.060 but a different product altogether snake 00:01:33.26000:01:33.270 oil 00:01:34.69000:01:34.700 dr. bill Livingstone celebrated cancer 00:01:37.69000:01:37.700 specialist was the very image of the 00:01:39.73000:01:39.740 traveling snake oil salesman he was 00:01:42.37000:01:42.380 neither a doctor nor a cancer specialist 00:01:44.46900:01:44.479 his real name was not even Livingstone 00:01:46.95000:01:46.960 more to the point the rock oil tonic he 00:01:50.05000:01:50.060 Pond was a useless mixture of laxative 00:01:52.02900:01:52.039 and petroleum and had no effect 00:01:53.80000:01:53.810 whatsoever on the cancer of the poor 00:01:55.48000:01:55.490 townsfolk he conned into buying it he 00:01:58.27000:01:58.280 lived the life of a vagabond always on 00:02:00.55000:02:00.560 the run from the last group of people he 00:02:02.10900:02:02.119 had fooled engaged in ever more 00:02:03.73000:02:03.740 outrageous deceptions to make sure that 00:02:05.62000:02:05.630 the past wouldn't catch up with him he 00:02:08.08000:02:08.090 abandoned his first wife and their six 00:02:09.69900:02:09.709 children to start a bigamous marriage in 00:02:11.50000:02:11.510 Canada at the same time as he fathered 00:02:13.47900:02:13.489 two more children by a third woman he 00:02:16.15000:02:16.160 adopted the name Livingstone after he 00:02:18.28000:02:18.290 was indicted for raping a girl in Cayuga 00:02:20.22900:02:20.239 in 18-49 when he wasn't running away 00:02:23.53000:02:23.540 from them or disappearing for years at a 00:02:25.44900:02:25.459 time he would teach his children the 00:02:27.34000:02:27.350 tricks of his treacherous trade he wants 00:02:30.00900:02:30.019 bragged of his parenting technique I 00:02:31.57000:02:31.580 cheat my boys every chance I get I want 00:02:34.96000:02:34.970 to make him sharp a towering man of over 00:02:38.17000:02:38.180 six feet and with natural good looks 00:02:39.72900:02:39.739 that he used to his advantage he went by 00:02:42.03900:02:42.049 big bill others less generously called 00:02:45.19000:02:45.200 him devil bill but his real name was 00:02:47.59000:02:47.600 William Avery rockefeller and it was his 00:02:50.74000:02:50.750 son john d rockefeller who would go on 00:02:53.25900:02:53.269 to found the Standard Oil monopoly and 00:02:55.09000:02:55.100 become the world's first billionaire the 00:02:58.24000:02:58.250 world we live in today is the world 00:02:59.68000:02:59.690 created in devil bill's image it's a 00:03:02.34900:03:02.359 world founded on treachery deceit and 00:03:04.21000:03:04.220 the naivety of a public that is never 00:03:06.25000:03:06.260 wised up to the parlor tricks that the 00:03:08.02000:03:08.030 Rockefellers and their ilk have been 00:03:09.58000:03:09.590 using to shape the world for the past 00:03:11.56000:03:11.570 century and a half this is the story of 00:03:15.31000:03:15.320 the oiligarchy 00:03:33.52000:03:33.530 titusville 1857 a most unlikely man who 00:03:38.33000:03:38.340 lights from a railway car into the midst 00:03:40.16000:03:40.170 of this sleepy western Pennsylvania town 00:03:42.28900:03:42.299 on the shores of oil creek Colonel Edwin 00:03:45.32000:03:45.330 Drake he's from the Pennsylvania Rock 00:03:48.05000:03:48.060 Oil Company and he's here on a mission 00:03:50.24000:03:50.250 to collect oil like dr. bill Drake isn't 00:03:55.00900:03:55.019 really a colonel the title is bestowed 00:03:57.32000:03:57.330 on him by George Bissell and James 00:03:59.11900:03:59.129 Townsend a lawyer and a banker who 00:04:01.19000:04:01.200 started the Pennsylvania Rock oil 00:04:02.72000:04:02.730 company after they discovered they could 00:04:04.22000:04:04.230 distill the region's naturally-occurring 00:04:05.75000:04:05.760 Seneca oil into lamp oil or kerosene 00:04:08.80000:04:08.810 Drake is actually an unemployed railroad 00:04:11.42000:04:11.430 conductor who talked himself into a job 00:04:13.33900:04:13.349 after staying at the same hotel as 00:04:14.93000:04:14.940 Bissell the year before calling him a 00:04:17.84000:04:17.850 colonel it is hoped will help win the 00:04:20.02900:04:20.039 respect of the locals the locals think 00:04:23.18000:04:23.190 he's crazy anyway Seneca oil is indeed 00:04:26.18000:04:26.190 plentiful bubbling out of seeps and 00:04:28.07000:04:28.080 collecting in the creek but other than 00:04:30.05000:04:30.060 as a cure-all medicine or grease for the 00:04:31.90900:04:31.919 local sawmills machinery it's hardly 00:04:34.07000:04:34.080 seen as something valuable in fact it 00:04:36.98000:04:36.990 can be a downright nuisance 00:04:38.35000:04:38.360 contaminating brine wells that supply 00:04:40.43000:04:40.440 Pittsburgh's booming salt industry still 00:04:43.90900:04:43.919 Drake has a test to complete finding a 00:04:46.94000:04:46.950 way to collect enough oil to make the 00:04:48.50000:04:48.510 distillation of Seneca oil into lamp oil 00:04:50.71900:04:50.729 profitable 00:04:51.56000:04:51.570 he tries everything he can think of the 00:04:54.86000:04:54.870 Native Americans had historically 00:04:56.24000:04:56.250 collected the oil by damming the creek 00:04:57.98000:04:57.990 near a seep and skimming the oil off the 00:04:59.60000:04:59.610 top but Drake can only collect six to 00:05:02.33000:05:02.340 ten gallons of oil a day this way even 00:05:04.37000:05:04.380 when he opens up extra seeps he tries 00:05:07.21900:05:07.229 digging a shaft but the groundwater 00:05:09.11000:05:09.120 floods in too quickly by the summer of 00:05:12.26000:05:12.270 1859 he's desperate Drake is running out 00:05:15.46900:05:15.479 of ideas Bissell and Townsend are 00:05:17.48000:05:17.490 running out of patience and most 00:05:19.25000:05:19.260 importantly the company is running out 00:05:21.14000:05:21.150 of funds 00:05:21.68000:05:21.690 he turns to uncle Billy Smith a 00:05:24.37900:05:24.389 Pittsburg blacksmith who had experienced 00:05:26.39000:05:26.400 drilling Brian wells with steam-powered 00:05:27.95000:05:27.960 equipment they get to work drilling down 00:05:30.50000:05:30.510 through the shale bedrock to reach the 00:05:32.15000:05:32.16000:05:32.48000:05:32.490 it's maddeningly slow work with the 00:05:35.36000:05:35.370 crude equipment struggling to get 00:05:36.68000:05:36.690 through three feet of bedrock a day by 00:05:39.52900:05:39.539 August 27th they've drilled down 69 and 00:05:41.93000:05:41.940 a half feet Drake has used the last of 00:05:44.18000:05:44.190 his funds and Bissell and his partners 00:05:46.25000:05:46.260 have decided to close 00:05:47.23900:05:47.249 up the operation on August 28 they 00:05:51.10900:05:51.119 strike oil then on Sunday August 28 1859 00:06:00.07900:06:00.089 oil bubbled up the driveway uncle Billy 00:06:05.32900:06:05.339 and his son Sam bailed out several 00:06:07.18900:06:07.199 buckets of oil on Monday the very day 00:06:14.95900:06:14.969 that Colonel Drake received his final 00:06:16.69900:06:16.709 payment and an order to close down the 00:06:18.52900:06:18.539 operation they hitched the walking beam 00:06:21.04900:06:21.059 to a water pump and the oil began to 00:06:23.62900:06:23.639 flow the first oil was to sell for $40 a 00:06:27.07900:06:27.089 barrel years later a local newspaper 00:06:30.73900:06:30.749 interviewed uncle Billy about the day 00:06:32.80900:06:32.819 they struck oil 00:06:33.82900:06:33.839 i commenced drilling and at 4 o'clock i 00:06:36.82900:06:36.839 struck the oil i said to mr. Drake look 00:06:39.67900:06:39.689 there what do you think of this he 00:06:42.07900:06:42.089 looked down the pipe and said what's 00:06:43.90900:06:43.919 that I said that is your fortune Drake's 00:06:55.63900:06:55.649 well proved that by drilling for it 00:06:58.51900:06:58.529 oil could be found in abundance and 00:07:00.58900:07:00.599 produced cheaply overnight a whole new 00:07:03.85900:07:03.869 industry was born 00:07:10.43000:07:10.440 before long in millions of homes farms 00:07:13.38000:07:13.390 and factories around the world lamps 00:07:16.17000:07:16.180 would be lit with kerosene refined from 00:07:18.99000:07:19.000 west pennsylvania crude 00:07:20.76000:07:20.770 when the word came out this Drake had 00:07:23.04000:07:23.050 struck oil the cry went up throughout 00:07:24.60000:07:24.610 the narrow valleys of western 00:07:25.62000:07:25.630 Pennsylvania they're crazy Yankee astruc 00:07:27.96000:07:27.970 oil they're crazy Yankee it struck oil 00:07:29.55000:07:29.560 and it was the first great boom it was 00:07:31.59000:07:31.600 like a gold rush 00:07:37.10000:07:37.110 town in Pennsylvania there is plenty 00:07:41.07000:07:41.080 file a save from a on the trolley we 00:07:45.00000:07:45.010 must all have some overnight the quiet 00:07:48.15000:07:48.160 farming backwoods of rural Pennsylvania 00:07:50.16000:07:50.170 was transformed into a bustling oil 00:07:52.17000:07:52.180 region with prospectors leasing up flats 00:07:54.75000:07:54.760 towns springing up for nowhere and a 00:07:56.91000:07:56.920 forest of percussion rigs covering the 00:07:58.77000:07:58.780 land the first oil boom had arrived 00:08:01.94000:08:01.950 already poised to make the most of this 00:08:04.53000:08:04.540 boom was a young up-and-coming 00:08:05.94000:08:05.950 bookkeeper in Cleveland with a head for 00:08:07.77000:08:07.780 numbers John Davison Rockefeller he had 00:08:12.03000:08:12.040 two ambitions in life to make $100,000 00:08:15.03000:08:15.040 and to live to be a hundred years old 00:08:17.42000:08:17.430 john dee set off to make his fortune in 00:08:19.86000:08:19.870 the late 1850s armed with $1,000 loan 00:08:22.56000:08:22.570 from his father devil bill grandfather 00:08:27.45000:08:27.460 never finished high school and went to 00:08:30.48000:08:30.490 Cleveland having borrowed $1,000 from 00:08:33.42000:08:33.430 his father to start business paid 9% 00:08:36.93000:08:36.940 interest on it instantly and he read 00:08:40.05000:08:40.060 about the oil business just beginning 00:08:43.05000:08:43.060 and got interested and came to realized 00:08:46.32000:08:46.330 that it was a very volatile business at 00:08:50.22000:08:50.230 the time in 1863 seeing the oil boom and 00:08:55.59000:08:55.600 sensing the profits to be made in the 00:08:57.18000:08:57.190 fledgling business Rockefeller formed a 00:08:59.52000:08:59.530 partnership with fellow businessman 00:09:01.02000:09:01.030 Maurice B Clark and Samuel Andrews a 00:09:03.66000:09:03.670 chemist who had built an oil refinery 00:09:05.10000:09:05.110 but knew little about the business of 00:09:07.11000:09:07.120 getting his product to market two years 00:09:09.69000:09:09.700 later the sure John D bought out his 00:09:11.49000:09:11.500 partners for seventy two thousand five 00:09:13.32000:09:13.330 hundred dollars and with Andrews's 00:09:15.30000:09:15.310 partner launched Rockefeller in Andrews 00:09:17.51000:09:17.520 by 1870 after five years of strategic 00:09:21.18000:09:21.190 partnerships and mergers Rockefeller had 00:09:23.58000:09:23.590 incorporated Standard Oil the story of 00:09:27.00000:09:27.010 the rise of Standard Oil is an oft old 00:09:29.10000:09:29.110 one in a move that would transform the 00:09:34.08000:09:34.090 American economy Rockefeller set out to 00:09:36.87000:09:36.880 replace a world of independent oilmen 00:09:39.06000:09:39.070 with a giant company controlled by him 00:09:44.75900:09:44.769 in 1870 begging bankers for more loans 00:09:48.43000:09:48.440 he formed Standard Oil of Ohio the next 00:09:55.66000:09:55.670 year he quietly put what he called our 00:09:58.26900:09:58.279 plan his campaign to dominate the 00:10:00.79000:10:00.800 volatile oil industry into devastating 00:10:03.46000:10:03.470 effect 00:10:07.03000:10:07.040 Rockefeller knew that the refiner was 00:10:09.20000:10:09.210 the lowest transportation cost could 00:10:11.39000:10:11.400 bring rivals to their needs 00:10:15.70000:10:15.710 he entered into a secret alliance with 00:10:18.22000:10:18.230 the railroads called 00:10:19.42000:10:19.430 the South improvement company in 00:10:23.95000:10:23.960 exchange for large regular shipments 00:10:26.19000:10:26.200 Rockefeller and his allies secured 00:10:28.78000:10:28.790 transport rates far lower than those of 00:10:30.79000:10:30.800 their bewildered competitors by 1879 00:10:34.48000:10:34.490 when Rockefeller is 40 he controls 90% 00:10:38.32000:10:38.330 of the oil refining in the world within 00:10:41.01900:10:41.029 a few years he will control 90% of the 00:10:43.44900:10:43.459 marketing of oil and 1/3 of all of the 00:10:46.12000:10:46.130 oil wells so this very young man 00:10:48.32900:10:48.339 controls with is not only a national but 00:10:51.10000:10:51.110 an international monopoly in the 00:10:54.19000:10:54.200 commodity that is about to become the 00:10:56.07900:10:56.089 most important strategic commodity in 00:10:58.87000:10:58.880 the world economy 00:11:01.41000:11:01.420 [Music] 00:11:03.78000:11:03.790 by the 1880s the American oil industry 00:11:07.24000:11:07.250 was the Standard Oil Company and 00:11:08.92000:11:08.930 Standard Oil was john d rockefeller but 00:11:12.76000:11:12.770 it wasn't long until a handful of 00:11:14.11000:11:14.120 similarly ambitious and well-connected 00:11:15.97000:11:15.980 families began to emulate the Standard 00:11:18.37000:11:18.380 Oil success story in other parts of the 00:11:20.01900:11:20.029 globe 00:11:20.56000:11:20.570 one such competitor emerged from the 00:11:22.72000:11:22.730 caucuses in the 1870s where Imperial 00:11:25.09000:11:25.100 Russia had opened up the vast Caspian 00:11:27.07000:11:27.080 Sea oil deposits to private development 00:11:29.34000:11:29.350 to families quickly combined forces to 00:11:32.14000:11:32.150 take advantage of the opportunity the 00:11:34.63000:11:34.640 nobles led by Ludvig Nobel and including 00:11:37.26900:11:37.279 his dynamite inventing prize creating 00:11:39.16000:11:39.170 brother Alfred and the French branch of 00:11:41.44000:11:41.450 the infamous Rothschild banking dynasty 00:11:43.21000:11:43.220 led by Alphonse Rothschild in 1891 the 00:11:47.74000:11:47.750 Rothschilds contracted with M Samuel M 00:11:50.05000:11:50.060 Co a Far East shipping company 00:11:51.94000:11:51.950 headquartered in London and run by 00:11:53.50000:11:53.510 Marcus Samuel to do what had never been 00:11:55.57000:11:55.580 done before 00:11:56.38000:11:56.390 shipped their nobel supplied caspian oil 00:11:58.84000:11:58.850 through the suez canal to east asian 00:12:00.69900:12:00.709 markets the project was immense it 00:12:04.30000:12:04.310 involved not only sophisticated 00:12:05.94900:12:05.959 engineering to construct the first oil 00:12:07.56900:12:07.579 tankers to be approved by the Suez Canal 00:12:09.40000:12:09.410 Company but the strictest secrecy if 00:12:11.98000:12:11.990 word of the endeavor was to get back to 00:12:14.05000:12:14.060 rockefeller through his international 00:12:15.67000:12:15.680 intelligence network it would risk 00:12:17.38000:12:17.390 bringing the wrath of Standard Oil which 00:12:19.38900:12:19.399 could afford to cut rates and squeeze 00:12:21.19000:12:21.200 them out of the market in the end they 00:12:23.56000:12:23.570 succeeded and the first book tanker the 00:12:26.05000:12:26.060 MIR X sailed through the Suez Canal in 00:12:28.24000:12:28.250 1892 00:12:29.50000:12:29.510 rude to Thailand in 1897 M Samuel and Co 00:12:34.00000:12:34.010 became the shell transport and trading 00:12:35.65000:12:35.660 company realizing that reliance on the 00:12:38.59000:12:38.600 Rothschild nobel caspian oil left the 00:12:40.54000:12:40.550 company vulnerable to supply shocks 00:12:42.16000:12:42.170 shell began to look to the far east for 00:12:44.23000:12:44.240 other sources of oil in borneo they ran 00:12:46.99000:12:47.000 up against the Royal Dutch petroleum 00:12:48.27000:12:48.280 established in the hague in 1890 with 00:12:50.65000:12:50.660 the support of King William the third of 00:12:52.27000:12:52.280 the Netherlands to develop oil deposits 00:12:54.34000:12:54.350 in the Dutch East Indies the two 00:12:56.62000:12:56.630 companies fearing competition for 00:12:58.54000:12:58.550 Standard Oil merged in 1903 into the 00:13:01.21000:13:01.220 Asiatic Petroleum Company jointly owned 00:13:03.70000:13:03.710 with the French Rothschilds and in 1907 00:13:06.34000:13:06.350 became Royal Dutch Shell another global 00:13:10.27000:13:10.280 competitor to the Standard Oil throne 00:13:11.92000:13:11.930 emerged in Iran at the turn of the 20th 00:13:13.87000:13:13.880 century in 1901 millionaire socialite 00:13:16.66000:13:16.670 William Knox Darcy negotiated an 00:13:18.73000:13:18.740 incredible concession with the king of 00:13:20.35000:13:20.360 Persia exclusive rights to prospect for 00:13:23.02000:13:23.030 oil throughout most of the country for 00:13:24.70000:13:24.710 60 years after seven years of fruitless 00:13:27.70000:13:27.710 search Darcy and his Glasgow based 00:13:29.92000:13:29.930 partner Burma oil were ready to abandon 00:13:32.38000:13:32.390 the country altogether in early May of 00:13:35.38000:13:35.390 1908 they sent a telegram to their 00:13:37.18000:13:37.190 geologist telling him to dismiss his 00:13:38.92000:13:38.930 staff dismantled his equipment and come 00:13:40.84000:13:40.850 back home he defied the order and weeks 00:13:43.69000:13:43.700 later struck oil burma oil promptly spun 00:13:47.38000:13:47.390 off the anglo-persian oil company to 00:13:49.09000:13:49.100 oversee production of persian oil the 00:13:51.58000:13:51.590 British government took 51% majority 00:13:53.35000:13:53.360 control of the company shares in 1914 at 00:13:56.20000:13:56.210 the behest of Winston Churchill then 00:13:58.06000:13:58.070 First Lord of the Admiralty and survives 00:14:00.46000:14:00.470 today as BP the Rothschilds and Nobles 00:14:05.14000:14:05.150 the Dutch royal family 00:14:07.21000:14:07.220 the Rockefellers these early titans of 00:14:10.54000:14:10.550 the oil industry and their corporate 00:14:11.98000:14:11.990 shells pioneered a new model for 00:14:13.63000:14:13.640 amassing and expanding fortunes hitherto 00:14:15.67000:14:15.680 unheard of 00:14:16.78000:14:16.790 they were the scions of a new oligarchy 00:14:19.18000:14:19.190 one built around oil and it's control 00:14:21.40000:14:21.410 from wellhead to pump but it was not 00:14:24.76000:14:24.770 just about money the monopolization of 00:14:27.25000:14:27.260 this the key energy resource of the 20th 00:14:29.59000:14:29.600 century helped secure the oiligarchs not 00:14:31.84000:14:31.850 just wealth but power over the lives of 00:14:34.15000:14:34.160 billions billions who came to depend on 00:14:36.79000:14:36.800 black gold for the provision of just 00:14:38.47000:14:38.480 about every aspect of their daily lives 00:14:41.52000:14:41.530 in the late 00:14:42.97000:14:42.980 19th century however it was by no means 00:14:45.34000:14:45.350 certain that oil would become the key 00:14:46.78000:14:46.790 resource of the 20th century as cheap 00:14:49.56900:14:49.579 illumination from the newly 00:14:50.74000:14:50.750 commercialized light bulb began to 00:14:52.36000:14:52.370 destroy the market for lamp oil the oil 00:14:54.31000:14:54.320 agaric were on the verge of losing the 00:14:55.93000:14:55.940 value from their monopoly but a series 00:14:58.36000:14:58.370 of Lucky Strikes was about to catapult 00:15:00.28000:15:00.290 their fortunes even further the very 00:15:04.12000:15:04.130 next year after the commercial 00:15:05.05000:15:05.060 introduction of the light bulb another 00:15:07.09000:15:07.100 invention came along to save the oil 00:15:08.65000:15:08.660 industry German engineer Karl Benz 00:15:11.56000:15:11.570 patented a reliable two-stroke internal 00:15:13.81000:15:13.820 combustion engine the engine ran on 00:15:15.91000:15:15.920 gasoline another petroleum by-product 00:15:18.10000:15:18.110 and became the basis for the Benz motor 00:15:20.01900:15:20.029 vagon that in 1888 became the first 00:15:22.60000:15:22.610 commercially available automobile in 00:15:24.25000:15:24.260 history and with that stroke of luck the 00:15:27.31000:15:27.320 business that rockefeller and the other 00:15:28.72000:15:28.730 oiligarchs had spent decades 00:15:29.91000:15:29.920 consolidating was saved but more luck 00:15:34.00000:15:34.010 was needed to ensure the market for this 00:15:35.65000:15:35.660 new engine in the early days of the 00:15:37.87000:15:37.880 automobile era it was by no means 00:15:39.40000:15:39.410 certain that gas-powered cars would come 00:15:41.17000:15:41.180 to dominate the market working models of 00:15:43.81000:15:43.820 electric vehicles have been around since 00:15:45.18900:15:45.199 the 1830s and the first electric car was 00:15:47.76900:15:47.779 built in 1884 by 1897 there was a fleet 00:15:51.75900:15:51.769 of all-electric taxis shuttling 00:15:53.43900:15:53.449 passengers around London the world land 00:15:56.25900:15:56.269 speed record was set by an electric car 00:15:58.05900:15:58.069 in 1898 by the dawn of the 20th century 00:16:01.66000:16:01.670 electric cars accounted for 28% of the 00:16:04.05900:16:04.069 automobiles in the United States the 00:16:06.85000:16:06.860 electrics had advantages over the 00:16:08.35000:16:08.360 internal combustion engine they required 00:16:10.50900:16:10.519 no gear shifting or hand cranking and 00:16:12.34000:16:12.350 had none of the vibrations smell or 00:16:14.13900:16:14.149 noise associated with gasoline-powered 00:16:15.69900:16:15.709 cars Lady Luck intervened again On 00:16:19.30000:16:19.310 January 10th 1901 when prospectors 00:16:21.85000:16:21.860 struck oil at Spindletop in East Texas 00:16:23.85000:16:23.860 the gusher blew a hundred thousand 00:16:26.11000:16:26.120 barrels a day and set off the next grade 00:16:27.75900:16:27.769 oil boom providing cheap plentiful oil 00:16:29.86000:16:29.870 to the American market and driving down 00:16:31.66000:16:31.670 gas prices it wasn't long before the 00:16:34.75000:16:34.760 expensive low range electric engines 00:16:36.81900:16:36.829 were abandoned altogether and big loud 00:16:38.88900:16:38.899 gas guzzling engines came to dominate 00:16:40.68900:16:40.699 the road all fueled by the black gold 00:16:42.85000:16:42.860 that standard oil shale gulf Texaco 00:16:45.49000:16:45.500 anglo-persian and the other oil majors 00:16:47.31900:16:47.329 of the time were drilling refining and 00:16:49.48000:16:49.490 selling perhaps John Dee's greatest 00:16:52.60000:16:52.610 stroke of luck however was not supposed 00:16:54.40000:16:54.410 to be luck at all rockefeller 00:16:56.77000:16:56.780 had come under increasing scrutiny by a 00:16:58.54000:16:58.550 public outraged by the unprecedented 00:17:00.46000:17:00.470 wealthy at a mass through Standard Oil 00:17:02.61000:17:02.620 muckraking reporters like Ida Tarbell 00:17:04.90000:17:04.910 began digging up the dirt on his rise to 00:17:06.79000:17:06.800 power through railroad conspiracies 00:17:08.68000:17:08.690 secret deals with competitors and other 00:17:10.81000:17:10.820 shady practices the press pictured him 00:17:13.96000:17:13.970 as a colossus with bribed politicians 00:17:15.57000:17:15.580 literally in the palm of his hand 00:17:17.86000:17:17.870 Standard Oil was a menacing octopus with 00:17:20.59000:17:20.600 its tentacles strangling the lifeblood 00:17:22.27000:17:22.280 of the nation hearings began 00:17:24.96000:17:24.970 investigations were launched lawsuits 00:17:27.19000:17:27.200 were brought against him and then 00:17:29.11000:17:29.120 finally in 1911 the Supreme Court made a 00:17:31.96000:17:31.970 monumental decision on May 15 nineteen 00:17:39.73000:17:39.740 eleven the Supreme Court of the United 00:17:41.71000:17:41.720 States declared that Standard Oil was a 00:17:44.32000:17:44.330 monopoly in restraint of trade and 00:17:46.69000:17:46.700 should be dissolved 00:17:48.70000:17:48.71000:17:51.19000:17:51.200 Rockefeller heard of the decision while 00:17:53.56000:17:53.570 golfing at Concord with a priest from 00:17:55.47900:17:55.489 the local Catholic Church father JP 00:17:57.82000:17:57.830 Lenin and Rockefeller reacted with 00:18:02.01900:18:02.029 amazing aplomb 00:18:03.09900:18:03.109 he turned to the Catholic priests and 00:18:05.04900:18:05.059 said father Lenin have you some money 00:18:06.60900:18:06.619 and the priest was very startled by the 00:18:08.73900:18:08.749 question and said no and then he said 00:18:12.78900:18:12.799 why and Rockefeller replied by Standard 00:18:15.43000:18:15.440 Oil 00:18:17.83000:18:17.840 as Rockefeller foresaw the individual 00:18:20.59000:18:20.600 standard oil companies were worth more 00:18:22.45000:18:22.460 than the single corporation 00:18:26.04000:18:26.050 in the next few years their shares 00:18:28.23000:18:28.240 doubled and tripled in value by the time 00:18:32.55000:18:32.560 the range of cash was over Rockefeller 00:18:35.22000:18:35.230 had the greatest personal fortune in 00:18:36.87000:18:36.880 history nearly 2% of the American 00:18:40.47000:18:40.480 economy 00:18:42.04000:18:42.050 and it was really losing the antitrust 00:18:44.47000:18:44.480 case that converted john d rockefeller 00:18:46.78000:18:46.790 into history's first billionaire so that 00:18:50.05000:18:50.060 Standard Oil was punished in the federal 00:18:52.60000:18:52.610 antitrust case for john d rockefeller 00:18:54.52000:18:54.530 senior most assuredly was not 00:18:57.19000:18:57.20000:19:00.32000:19:00.330 to the amazement of the world 00:19:02.58000:19:02.590 Rockefellers punishment had in fact been 00:19:04.59000:19:04.600 his reward rather than being taken down 00:19:07.28900:19:07.299 a peg the splitting up of the Standard 00:19:09.18000:19:09.190 Oil Monopoly had launched him as the 00:19:10.68000:19:10.690 world's only acknowledged billionaire at 00:19:12.69000:19:12.700 a time when the average annual income in 00:19:14.31000:19:14.320 America was five hundred twenty dollars 00:19:17.21000:19:17.220 Rockefellers story was perfectly 00:19:19.26000:19:19.270 mirrored by the story of Colonel Edwin 00:19:21.12000:19:21.130 Drake having struck oil in Titusville 00:19:23.51900:19:23.529 and given rise to a billion-dollar 00:19:24.87000:19:24.880 global industry Drake had not had the 00:19:27.06000:19:27.070 foresight to patent his drilling 00:19:28.47000:19:28.480 technique or even to buy up the land 00:19:29.94000:19:29.950 around his own well he ended up in 00:19:32.46000:19:32.470 poverty relying on an annuity from the 00:19:34.64900:19:34.659 state of Pennsylvania to scrape together 00:19:36.26900:19:36.279 a living and dying in 1884 the 00:19:39.96000:19:39.970 oiligarchy the lesson of the rise and 00:19:41.82000:19:41.830 rise of rockefeller was obvious the more 00:19:44.76000:19:44.770 ruthlessly that monopoly was pursued the 00:19:47.13000:19:47.140 tighter that control was grasped the 00:19:49.11000:19:49.120 greater the lust for power and money the 00:19:51.38900:19:51.399 greater the reward would be in the end 00:19:53.51000:19:53.520 from now on no invention would derail 00:19:56.78900:19:56.799 the oil majors from their quest for 00:19:58.38000:19:58.390 total control no competition would be 00:20:01.16900:20:01.179 tolerated no threat to the oiligarchs 00:20:04.01900:20:04.029 would be allowed to rise 00:20:20.48000:20:20.490 when asked how he could justify the 00:20:22.37000:20:22.380 treachery and deceit with which he had 00:20:24.23000:20:24.240 pursued the creation of the Standard Oil 00:20:25.97000:20:25.980 monopoly 00:20:26.72000:20:26.730 john d rockefeller is reputed to have 00:20:28.70000:20:28.710 said competition is a sin this is the 00:20:33.14000:20:33.150 mentality of the monopolist and it is 00:20:35.39000:20:35.400 this justification framed as religious 00:20:37.64000:20:37.650 conviction that drove the oiligarchs to 00:20:39.95000:20:39.960 so ruthlessly eliminate anyone who would 00:20:42.17000:20:42.180 dare rise up as a pretender to their 00:20:43.91000:20:43.920 throne ironically it was the competition 00:20:46.88000:20:46.890 between the oiligarchs in the early 20th 00:20:49.25000:20:49.260 century that helped give rise to an 00:20:50.96000:20:50.970 early external threat to their empire 00:20:53.02000:20:53.030 alcohol fuel as historian Lyle Cummins 00:20:56.96000:20:56.970 has noted of the period the oil trust 00:20:59.51000:20:59.520 battles between Rockefeller the 00:21:01.04000:21:01.050 Rothschilds the nobles and Marcus 00:21:03.20000:21:03.210 Samuels shale kept prices in a state of 00:21:05.33000:21:05.340 flux and engines often had to be 00:21:07.43000:21:07.440 adaptable to the fuel that was available 00:21:08.93000:21:08.940 in many areas where oil wasn't available 00:21:12.44000:21:12.450 the alternative was alcohol ethyl 00:21:15.98000:21:15.990 alcohol had been used as fuel for lamps 00:21:17.81000:21:17.820 and engines since the early 19th century 00:21:19.69000:21:19.700 although it was generally more expensive 00:21:21.76000:21:21.770 alcohol fuel offered a stability of 00:21:24.29000:21:24.300 supply that was alluring especially in 00:21:26.39000:21:26.400 areas like London or Paris that did not 00:21:28.16000:21:28.170 have predictable access to oil supplies 00:21:30.85000:21:30.860 alcohol has a lower heat value or BTU 00:21:33.98000:21:33.990 than gasoline but a series of tests by 00:21:36.38000:21:36.390 the US Geological Survey in the US Navy 00:21:38.66000:21:38.670 in 1907 and 1908 proved that the higher 00:21:41.30000:21:41.310 compression ratio of alcohol engines 00:21:43.34000:21:43.350 could perfectly offset the lower heat 00:21:45.20000:21:45.210 value thus making alcohol and gasoline 00:21:47.45000:21:47.460 engines fuel economy equivalent one 00:21:50.96000:21:50.970 early supporter of alcohol fuel was 00:21:52.82000:21:52.830 Henry Ford who designed his Model T to 00:21:55.04000:21:55.050 run on either alcohol or gasoline 00:21:57.43000:21:57.440 sensing an opportunity for new markets 00:21:59.69000:21:59.700 to boost the independent American farms 00:22:01.85000:22:01.860 that he felt were vital to the nation 00:22:03.26000:22:03.270 Henry Ford told the New York Times the 00:22:06.47000:22:06.480 fuel of the future is going to come from 00:22:08.15000:22:08.160 fruit like that soo-mack out by the road 00:22:09.86000:22:09.870 or from apples weed sawdust almost 00:22:12.77000:22:12.780 anything there is fuel in every bit of 00:22:15.56000:22:15.570 vegetable matter that can be fermented 00:22:18.46000:22:18.470 farmers looking to capitalize on this 00:22:21.20000:22:21.210 lobbied for the repeal of a $2.00 8 cent 00:22:23.75000:22:23.760 per gallon alcohol tax that had been 00:22:25.52000:22:25.530 opposed to help pay for the Civil War 00:22:27.34000:22:27.350 they were aided by those who saw fuel 00:22:29.78000:22:29.790 alcohol as a way to break the oiligarchs 00:22:31.79000:22:31.800 monopoly in support of a 00:22:34.13000:22:34.140 bill to repeal the alcohol tax President 00:22:36.62000:22:36.630 Teddy Roosevelt told the US Congress in 00:22:38.39000:22:38.400 1906 the Standard Oil Company has 00:22:41.72000:22:41.730 largely by unfair or unlawful methods 00:22:44.21000:22:44.220 crushed out home competition it is 00:22:47.27000:22:47.280 highly desirable that an element of 00:22:48.95000:22:48.960 competition should be introduced by the 00:22:50.57000:22:50.580 passage of some such law as that which 00:22:52.52000:22:52.530 has already passed the house putting 00:22:54.41000:22:54.420 alcohol used in the arts and 00:22:55.82000:22:55.830 manufacturers upon the free list the 00:22:59.45000:22:59.460 alcohol tax was repealed in 1906 and for 00:23:02.36000:23:02.370 a time corn ethanol at 14 cents a gallon 00:23:04.55000:23:04.560 was cheaper than gasoline at 22 cents a 00:23:07.22000:23:07.230 gallon the promise of cheap unpatentable 00:23:10.73000:23:10.740 unmanned op Aliza bahlul production 00:23:13.07000:23:13.080 production open to anyone with raw 00:23:15.08000:23:15.090 vegetable matter and is still swept the 00:23:17.51000:23:17.520 nation but cheap plentiful fuel that can 00:23:21.65000:23:21.660 be grown and produced locally and 00:23:23.06000:23:23.070 independently is not what the oiligarchs 00:23:25.49000:23:25.500 had in mind a 1909 USGS report comparing 00:23:29.84000:23:29.850 gas and alcohol engines had noted that a 00:23:31.94000:23:31.950 significant point in alcohol fuels favor 00:23:34.07000:23:34.080 was that there were fewer restrictions 00:23:35.57000:23:35.580 on alcohol engines for the oiligarchs 00:23:38.45000:23:38.460 the answer was simple find a way to 00:23:41.51000:23:41.520 place greater restrictions on alcohol 00:23:43.34000:23:43.350 engines thankfully for them the answer 00:23:46.97000:23:46.980 to their problem was already gaining 00:23:48.65000:23:48.660 popular support in the 19th century 00:23:51.80000:23:51.810 America had a drinking problem by 1830 00:23:55.37000:23:55.380 the average American over 15 years old 00:23:57.62000:23:57.630 drank 7 gallons of pure alcohol per year 00:24:00.17000:24:00.180 3 times higher than today's average this 00:24:03.56000:24:03.570 led to the first anti-alcohol movements 00:24:05.57000:24:05.580 in the 1830s and 1840s and the formation 00:24:08.18000:24:08.190 of the prohibition party in 1869 and the 00:24:10.94000:24:10.950 women's Christian Temperance Union in 00:24:12.53000:24:12.540 the 1870s the movement enjoyed 00:24:15.47000:24:15.480 widespread and growing support but had 00:24:17.66000:24:17.670 few political successes Maine flirted 00:24:20.39000:24:20.400 with prohibition by outlawing the sale 00:24:21.89000:24:21.900 and manufacture of liquor in 1851 but 00:24:24.77000:24:24.780 the ban only lasted five years this 00:24:27.62000:24:27.630 changed with the formation of the 00:24:29.03000:24:29.040 anti-saloon League in standard oil's 00:24:30.83000:24:30.840 burst state of Ohio in 1893 the ASL was 00:24:34.58000:24:34.590 started by John D Rockefellers longtime 00:24:36.59000:24:36.600 personal friend Howard Hyde Russell and 00:24:38.66000:24:38.670 was bankrolled in part by generous 00:24:40.52000:24:40.530 annual donations from Rockefeller 00:24:42.08000:24:42.090 himself the ASL with Rockefellers 00:24:45.29000:24:45.300 backing quickly became the driving force 00:24:47.57000:24:47.580 behind 00:24:47.97000:24:47.980 national movement to outlaw the 00:24:49.59000:24:49.600 production and sale of alcohol 00:24:51.95000:24:51.960 Rockefeller was a teetotaler himself not 00:24:55.14000:24:55.150 for moral concern but because he was 00:24:56.90900:24:56.919 afraid that good cheer among friends 00:24:58.62000:24:58.630 would lead to his downfall in business 00:25:01.07000:25:01.080 Stephen Harkness one of the silent 00:25:03.51000:25:03.520 partner investors in Standard Oil and a 00:25:05.22000:25:05.230 director in the company until his death 00:25:06.72000:25:06.730 had caught Rockefellers eye when he made 00:25:09.03000:25:09.040 a fortune buying up whiskey in advance 00:25:10.86000:25:10.870 of a new excise tax that he had been 00:25:12.65900:25:12.669 tipped about and selling it at a huge 00:25:14.54900:25:14.559 profit after the tax kicked in know 00:25:18.02000:25:18.030 Rockefeller and Standard Oil were not 00:25:20.13000:25:20.140 concerned about the moral state of the 00:25:21.78000:25:21.790 nation except as far as it impacted 00:25:24.09000:25:24.100 their bottom line but when Prohibition 00:25:26.31000:25:26.320 did come in 1920 it had an interesting 00:25:29.15900:25:29.169 side effect although it didn't ban the 00:25:31.65000:25:31.660 use of ethanol as a fuel directly it did 00:25:34.44000:25:34.450 lead to increasingly burdensome 00:25:35.64000:25:35.650 restrictions requiring producers to add 00:25:38.25000:25:38.260 petroleum products to their ethanol to 00:25:40.26000:25:40.270 make it poisonous before it could be 00:25:41.76000:25:41.770 sold alcohol fuel now completely unable 00:25:45.33000:25:45.340 to compete with gasoline was abandoned 00:25:47.58000:25:47.590 altogether by the automobile industry 00:25:50.12000:25:50.130 another existential threat to the vast 00:25:52.47000:25:52.480 fortunes of the early oiligarchs was to 00:25:54.51000:25:54.520 require an even greater effort at social 00:25:56.52000:25:56.530 engineering public transportation by the 00:26:00.48000:26:00.490 end of World War one private car 00:26:02.31000:26:02.320 ownership was still a relative rarity 00:26:03.98000:26:03.990 only 1 in 10 Americans owned a car rail 00:26:07.71000:26:07.720 was still the transportation of choice 00:26:09.12000:26:09.130 for the vast majority of the public and 00:26:11.10000:26:11.110 city dwellers in most major cities 00:26:13.23000:26:13.240 relied on electric trolley networks to 00:26:15.24000:26:15.250 transport them around town in 1936 00:26:19.11000:26:19.120 General Motors formed a front company 00:26:21.18000:26:21.190 national city lines along with Firestone 00:26:23.97000:26:23.980 Tire and Standard Oil of California to 00:26:26.19000:26:26.200 implement a process of Busta tution 00:26:28.54900:26:28.559 scrapping streetcars and tearing up 00:26:30.75000:26:30.760 railways to replace them with GM's own 00:26:32.82000:26:32.830 buses running on Standard Oil supplied 00:26:34.86000:26:34.870 diesel the plan was remarkably 00:26:37.53000:26:37.540 successful as historian and researcher F 00:26:40.71000:26:40.720 William and all notes in myths lies and 00:26:42.69000:26:42.700 oil Wars by the end of the 1940s GM had 00:26:46.32000:26:46.330 bought and scrapped over 100 municipal 00:26:48.39000:26:48.400 electric transit systems in 45 cities 00:26:50.82000:26:50.830 and put gas burning GM buses on the 00:26:53.19000:26:53.200 streets in their place by 1955 almost 00:26:56.90900:26:56.919 90% of the electric streetcar lines in 00:26:58.98000:26:58.990 the United States had been ripped out or 00:27:00.51000:27:00.520 otherwise eliminated 00:27:02.13000:27:02.140 the cartel had been careful to hide 00:27:04.48000:27:04.490 their involvement in national city lines 00:27:06.01000:27:06.020 but it was revealed to the public in 00:27:08.02000:27:08.030 1946 by an enterprising retired naval 00:27:10.63000:27:10.640 lieutenant commander Edwin J Quimby 00:27:13.14000:27:13.150 he wrote a manifesto exposing what he 00:27:15.76000:27:15.770 called a careful deliberately planned 00:27:17.77000:27:17.780 campaign to swindle you out of your most 00:27:19.75000:27:19.760 important and valuable public utilities 00:27:21.76000:27:21.770 your electric railway system he 00:27:25.15000:27:25.160 uncovered the oiligarchs stock ownership 00:27:26.74000:27:26.750 of national city lines and its 00:27:28.33000:27:28.340 subsidiaries and detailed how they had 00:27:30.31000:27:30.320 step-by-step bought up and destroyed the 00:27:32.26000:27:32.270 public transportation lines in Baltimore 00:27:34.24000:27:34.250 Los Angeles st. Louis and other major 00:27:36.76000:27:36.770 urban centers quinby's warning caught 00:27:39.52000:27:39.530 the attention of federal prosecutors and 00:27:41.29000:27:41.300 in 1947 National City lines was indicted 00:27:44.35000:27:44.360 for conspiring to form a transportation 00:27:46.21000:27:46.220 monopoly and conspiring to monopolize 00:27:48.10000:27:48.110 sales of buses and supplies in 1949 GM 00:27:52.87000:27:52.880 Firestone Standard Oil of California and 00:27:55.42000:27:55.430 their officers and corporate associates 00:27:57.16000:27:57.170 were convicted on the second count of 00:27:59.08000:27:59.090 conspiracy the punishment for buying up 00:28:02.08000:28:02.090 and dismantling America's public 00:28:03.43000:28:03.440 transportation infrastructure a $5,000 00:28:06.70000:28:06.710 fine HC Grossman who had been the 00:28:10.30000:28:10.310 director of Pacific city lines when it 00:28:12.04000:28:12.050 oversaw the scrapping of Los Angeles as 00:28:14.11000:28:14.120 a hundred million dollar Pacific 00:28:15.64000:28:15.650 Electric System was fined exactly one 00:28:18.19000:28:18.200 dollar unsurprisingly GM and its 00:28:21.73000:28:21.740 associates did not remain in the 00:28:23.17000:28:23.180 doghouse for long in 1953 President 00:28:26.50000:28:26.510 Eisenhower appointed Charles Wilson then 00:28:28.96000:28:28.970 the president of General Motors as 00:28:30.55000:28:30.560 Secretary of Defense Wilson with Frances 00:28:34.45000:28:34.460 DuPont of the Rockefeller connected 00:28:36.07000:28:36.080 DuPont family as chief administrator of 00:28:38.17000:28:38.180 federal highways oversaw one of the 00:28:40.69000:28:40.700 largest public works projects in 00:28:42.34000:28:42.350 American history the creation of the 00:28:44.83000:28:44.840 interstate highway system with a war era 00:28:47.98000:28:47.990 excise tax on train tickets still in 00:28:50.05000:28:50.060 place and federally funded highways and 00:28:52.24000:28:52.250 airports providing cheaper alternatives 00:28:54.19000:28:54.200 rail travel declined as startling 84 00:28:57.16000:28:57.170 percent between 1945 and 1964 this 00:29:02.11000:29:02.120 social engineering paid off well for 00:29:04.00000:29:04.010 Standard Oil in its growing list of 00:29:05.53000:29:05.540 petrochemical associates in the 00:29:07.81000:29:07.820 two-and-a-half decades after the 00:29:09.19000:29:09.200 outbreak of world war ii vehicle 00:29:11.26000:29:11.270 production in detroit almost tripled 00:29:12.94000:29:12.950 from 4.5 million cars a year in nineteen 00:29:15.40000:29:15.410 four 00:29:15.76000:29:15.770 to over 11 million in 1965 as a result 00:29:20.02000:29:20.030 sales have refined gasoline over the 00:29:22.18000:29:22.190 same period rose 300% 00:29:25.56000:29:25.570 but rockefeller was not the only oiler 00:29:27.98900:29:27.999 gark working to crush all opposition to 00:29:30.06000:29:30.070 his monopoly across the pond the 00:29:32.75900:29:32.769 European oiligarchs were working to 00:29:34.37900:29:34.389 protect their own oil investments from 00:29:36.11900:29:36.129 upstart competitors in 1889 a consortium 00:29:40.22900:29:40.239 of German investors led by Siemens 00:29:42.11900:29:42.129 Deutsche Bank obtained a concession from 00:29:43.95000:29:43.960 the Turkish government for extension of 00:29:45.69000:29:45.700 a railway line connecting Berlin to 00:29:47.39900:29:47.409 Basra on the Persian Gulf via Baghdad in 00:29:49.76900:29:49.779 what was then part of the Ottoman Empire 00:29:51.85900:29:51.869 the Berlin Baghdad railway concession 00:29:54.47900:29:54.489 was for 99 years and came with mineral 00:29:56.66900:29:56.679 rights for 20 kilometers on either side 00:29:58.83000:29:58.840 of the line an especially lucrative deal 00:30:01.13900:30:01.149 since the rail cut right through the 00:30:02.60900:30:02.619 heart of the still untapped Mesopotamia 00:30:04.64900:30:04.659 oil region south of Mosul along the 00:30:06.71900:30:06.729 Tigris River for the powers behind the 00:30:09.47900:30:09.489 British Empire concerned with the 00:30:11.21900:30:11.229 military rise of Germany this deal was 00:30:13.49900:30:13.509 unacceptable 00:30:15.49900:30:15.509 well Germany in the end of the 19th 00:30:20.24900:30:20.259 century was looking for outlets for its 00:30:23.09900:30:23.109 exports its industrial exports as the 00:30:25.64900:30:25.659 German economy was growing like China is 00:30:28.96900:30:28.979 growing in the last 30 years and they 00:30:33.83900:30:33.849 decided that Turkey would be an ideal 00:30:35.96900:30:35.979 strategic trade partner for Germany and 00:30:40.75900:30:40.769 Georg von Siemens one of the directors 00:30:43.85900:30:43.869 of deutsche bank came up with a strategy 00:30:46.64900:30:46.659 to extend a railway from berlin all the 00:30:50.46000:30:50.470 way down to baghdad which was then part 00:30:52.20000:30:52.210 of ottoman the Ottoman Empire Baghdad 00:30:55.32000:30:55.330 and Iraq today near the Persian Gulf and 00:31:01.54900:31:01.559 German military began training the 00:31:03.98900:31:03.999 Turkish military the German industry 00:31:07.01900:31:07.029 began investing in Turkey they saw a 00:31:08.75900:31:08.769 huge potential market to begin bringing 00:31:11.70000:31:11.710 Turkey into the 20th century 00:31:14.45000:31:14.460 economically well Deutsche Bank also 00:31:20.27900:31:20.289 negotiated mineral rights I think it was 00:31:24.53900:31:24.549 20 kilometers on either side of the 00:31:26.46000:31:26.470 railway and it was already known in 1914 00:31:31.07000:31:31.080 that Mosul and these other areas 00:31:33.86900:31:33.879 contained huge petroleum deposits 00:31:37.98000:31:37.990 well why is that significant at the end 00:31:41.03900:31:41.049 of the century 19th century Jack Fisher 00:31:44.73000:31:44.740 the Lord of the Admiralty and the head 00:31:47.19000:31:47.200 of the Royal Navy advocated the 00:31:50.58000:31:50.590 conversion of the British Navy from Coal 00:31:53.03900:31:53.049 Fired to oil-fired 00:31:54.77900:31:54.789 that it would have a qualitative 00:31:56.88000:31:56.890 strategic improvement in their every 00:32:00.53900:32:00.549 aspect of warship design and since 00:32:05.07000:32:05.080 Britain didn't know that they had any 00:32:06.65900:32:06.669 oil back then they went to Persia and 00:32:11.48000:32:11.490 swindled the Shah at that time out of 00:32:14.94000:32:14.950 oil rights in Persia they went to Kuwait 00:32:19.26000:32:19.270 and backed a coup d'etat of the Al Sabah 00:32:25.03900:32:25.049 family to be a British pawn and they 00:32:27.60000:32:27.610 literally wrote a contract with him that 00:32:30.06000:32:30.070 nothing that Kuwait does with the 00:32:32.73000:32:32.740 outside world will be done without 00:32:34.38000:32:34.390 approval of the British governor and 00:32:37.15900:32:37.169 Kuwait was known to have oil and lying 00:32:40.59000:32:40.600 right on the Persian Gulf well the 00:32:43.83000:32:43.840 British looked at this railway plan of 00:32:45.96000:32:45.970 the Germans going right down to Baghdad 00:32:48.24000:32:48.250 and said my god you can put soldiers on 00:32:51.72000:32:51.730 rail cars and bring them down and 00:32:54.38900:32:54.399 threaten the oil life line of the 00:32:57.38900:32:57.399 British Navy this is a strategic move by 00:33:04.16900:33:04.179 the Germans it also would make Germany 00:33:06.96000:33:06.970 independent of the British control of 00:33:09.69000:33:09.700 the Seas the British oiligarchs 00:33:13.74000:33:13.750 including the British crown with its 00:33:15.51000:33:15.520 hidden controlling stake in 00:33:16.52900:33:16.539 anglo-persian oil and the Rothschilds 00:33:18.14900:33:18.159 merchant marques samuel at royal 00:33:20.07000:33:20.080 dutch/shell sought to counter this 00:33:21.93000:33:21.940 german threat to their commercial and 00:33:23.43000:33:23.440 strategic interests they used Armenian 00:33:26.37000:33:26.380 born naturalized British citizen Kalu's 00:33:28.91900:33:28.929 to Quebec Ian the architect of the royal 00:33:30.99000:33:31.000 dutch/shell merger in order as he later 00:33:33.53900:33:33.549 recalled to see British influence get 00:33:35.88000:33:35.890 the upper hand in Turkey against the 00:33:37.56000:33:37.570 Germans if that was his task it was a 00:33:40.95000:33:40.960 remarkable success in 1909 the British 00:33:44.90900:33:44.919 set up the Turkish National Bank which 00:33:46.76900:33:46.779 was Turkish in name only 00:33:48.52900:33:48.539 founded by London banker Sir Edward 00:33:50.82000:33:50.830 castle and 00:33:51.60000:33:51.610 with directors like Hugo baring of the 00:33:53.25000:33:53.260 bearings banking family castle himself 00:33:55.50000:33:55.510 and Gulbenkian the bank set up the 00:33:57.90000:33:57.910 Turkish Petroleum Company in 1912 formed 00:34:01.32000:34:01.330 explicitly to exploit the petroleum rich 00:34:03.45000:34:03.460 oil fields of Iraq then part of the 00:34:05.49000:34:05.500 Ottoman Empire go Benke and brokered a 00:34:07.68000:34:07.690 deal that forced the bank with its 00:34:09.62900:34:09.639 40-kilometer concessions along the 00:34:11.22000:34:11.230 oil-rich Baghdad railway line into a 00:34:13.44000:34:13.450 junior partnership in the company the 00:34:15.96000:34:15.970 stock was split so the British 00:34:17.15900:34:17.169 government's anglo-persian oil company 00:34:18.62900:34:18.639 owned half the shares with Royal Dutch 00:34:20.79000:34:20.800 Shell and Deutsche Bank splitting the 00:34:22.26000:34:22.270 other half their plan to take over 00:34:24.75000:34:24.760 Germany's Turkish oil interests had been 00:34:26.60900:34:26.619 successful but in an amazing irony it 00:34:29.12900:34:29.139 didn't even matter 00:34:30.16900:34:30.179 go Benki and finish negotiations for the 00:34:32.82000:34:32.830 iraqi oil concession on June 28 1914 the 00:34:36.54000:34:36.550 same day Archduke Ferdinand was shot in 00:34:38.49000:34:38.500 Sarajevo an alliance the British had 00:34:41.12900:34:41.139 been brokering for years to constrain 00:34:42.75000:34:42.760 the rising German threat an alliance 00:34:44.84900:34:44.859 involving France and Russia kicked into 00:34:47.01000:34:47.020 motion and the world was engulfed in war 00:34:49.12900:34:49.139 by the end of World War one the British 00:34:51.89900:34:51.909 and their allies had taken over Iraq and 00:34:53.52000:34:53.530 its oil deposits anyway Germany had been 00:34:55.88900:34:55.899 completely cut out and goben Kian 00:34:58.17000:34:58.180 they're scheming servant received five 00:35:00.54000:35:00.550 percent of all oilfield proceeds in the 00:35:02.60900:35:02.619 newly minted country as the century wore 00:35:06.87000:35:06.880 on the oil industry grew beyond the 00:35:09.03000:35:09.040 control of the handful of families that 00:35:10.77000:35:10.780 had dominated it since its inception oil 00:35:13.34900:35:13.359 deposits were located around the globe 00:35:15.12000:35:15.130 and the resources of entire nation 00:35:16.95000:35:16.960 states were marshaled to control them 00:35:18.59000:35:18.600 now threats to the oiligarchs and their 00:35:21.24000:35:21.250 interests required multilateral 00:35:22.98000:35:22.990 multinational responses and the 00:35:25.20000:35:25.210 consequences of those deals were felt 00:35:27.06000:35:27.070 worldwide the story of the oil shock of 00:35:30.59900:35:30.609 1973 as it has been delivered to us by 00:35:33.00000:35:33.010 the history books is well known 00:35:38.57000:35:38.580 by the late 1960s the nation relied on 00:35:42.68000:35:42.690 imported oil to keep the economy strong 00:35:46.88000:35:46.890 then in the early 1970s oil dependent 00:35:51.42000:35:51.430 America's nightmares came true 13 00:35:58.38000:35:58.390 oil-producing countries in the Middle 00:36:00.36000:36:00.370 East and South America formed OPEC the 00:36:03.15000:36:03.160 Organization of Petroleum Exporting 00:36:05.34000:36:05.350 Countries in 1973 OPEC placed an oil 00:36:10.89000:36:10.900 embargo on the US and other nations that 00:36:13.77000:36:13.780 had supported Israel against the Arab 00:36:15.93000:36:15.940 states in the Yom Kippur War the 00:36:20.34000:36:20.350 American economy went into a tailspin as 00:36:23.10000:36:23.110 gas shortages gripped the nation few 00:36:28.92000:36:28.930 however know that the crisis ended since 00:36:31.02000:36:31.030 ooing response was in fact prepared 00:36:32.97000:36:32.980 months ahead of time at a secret meeting 00:36:34.77000:36:34.780 in Sweden in 1973 the meeting was the 00:36:38.40000:36:38.410 annual gathering of the Bilderberg Group 00:36:39.84000:36:39.850 a secretive cabal formed by Prince 00:36:42.18000:36:42.190 Bernhard of the Netherlands in 1954 the 00:36:45.87000:36:45.880 Dutch royal family not only gave its 00:36:47.43000:36:47.440 royal imprint to Royal Dutch petroleum 00:36:49.22000:36:49.230 they are still rumoured to be along with 00:36:51.81000:36:51.820 the Rothschilds one of the largest 00:36:53.64000:36:53.650 shareholders in royal dutch/shell from 00:36:55.98000:36:55.990 the days when Queen willow Mina's 00:36:57.33000:36:57.340 anglo-dutch petroleum holdings and other 00:36:59.37000:36:59.380 investments made her the world's first 00:37:01.11000:37:01.120 female billionaire right through to 00:37:03.12000:37:03.130 today Bernhardt's guest list at the 00:37:05.88000:37:05.890 Bilderberg Group reflected his position 00:37:07.65000:37:07.660 in the oiligarchy alongside him at the 00:37:10.08000:37:10.090 Swedish conference were David 00:37:11.28000:37:11.290 Rockefeller of the Standard Oil dynasty 00:37:13.17000:37:13.180 and his protégé Henry Kissinger Baron 00:37:15.63000:37:15.640 Edmond de Rothschild eg Calado the vice 00:37:18.39000:37:18.400 president of Exxon Sir Dennis Greenhill 00:37:20.85000:37:20.860 director of British Petroleum and 00:37:22.35000:37:22.360 Garrard a Wagner president of Bernards 00:37:24.78000:37:24.790 own Royal Dutch Shell at the meeting in 00:37:27.93000:37:27.940 Sweden held five months before the oil 00:37:30.18000:37:30.190 crisis began the oiligarchs and their 00:37:32.55000:37:32.560 political and business allies were 00:37:33.99000:37:34.000 planning their response to a monetary 00:37:35.64000:37:35.650 crisis that threatened the world 00:37:37.02000:37:37.030 dominance of the US dollar under the 00:37:40.14000:37:40.150 Bretton Woods system negotiated in the 00:37:42.15000:37:42.160 final days of World War two the US 00:37:44.40000:37:44.410 dollar would be the backbone of the 00:37:46.02000:37:46.030 world monetary system convertible to 00:37:48.24000:37:48.250 gold at $35 per ounce with 00:37:50.64000:37:50.650 all other currencies pegged to it 00:37:52.43000:37:52.440 increasing US expenditures in Vietnam 00:37:54.87000:37:54.880 and decreasing exports caused Germany 00:37:57.48000:37:57.490 France and other nations to start 00:37:59.88000:37:59.890 demanding gold for their dollars with 00:38:02.64000:38:02.650 the Federal Reserve's official gold 00:38:04.05000:38:04.060 holdings plunging and unable to stem the 00:38:06.45000:38:06.460 tide of demand Nixon abandoned Bretton 00:38:08.82000:38:08.830 Woods in August 1971 threatening the 00:38:11.52000:38:11.530 dollars position as the world reserve 00:38:13.23000:38:13.240 currency accordingly I have directed the 00:38:18.81000:38:18.820 Secretary of the Treasury to take the 00:38:20.70000:38:20.710 action necessary to defend the dollar 00:38:23.30000:38:23.310 against the speculators I have directed 00:38:26.61000:38:26.620 secretary Connolly to suspend 00:38:28.08000:38:28.090 temporarily the convertibility of the 00:38:30.03000:38:30.040 dollar in the gold or other reserve 00:38:32.19000:38:32.200 assets except in amounts and conditions 00:38:35.19000:38:35.200 determined to be in the interest of 00:38:37.14000:38:37.150 monetary stability and in the best 00:38:39.18000:38:39.190 interest of the United States as leaked 00:38:43.38000:38:43.390 documents from the 1973 Bilderberg 00:38:45.75000:38:45.760 meeting show the oiligarchs decided to 00:38:48.09000:38:48.100 use their control over the flow of oil 00:38:49.80000:38:49.810 to save the American hegemon 00:38:51.92000:38:51.930 acknowledging that OPEC could completely 00:38:54.36000:38:54.370 disorganized and undermine the world 00:38:56.10000:38:56.110 monetary system the Bilderberg attendees 00:38:58.44000:38:58.450 prepared for an energy crisis or an 00:39:00.78000:39:00.790 increase in energy costs which they 00:39:03.21000:39:03.220 predicted could mean an oil price 00:39:05.04000:39:05.050 between 10 and 12 dollars a staggering 00:39:07.38000:39:07.390 400% increase from the current price of 00:39:10.05000:39:10.060 three dollars and one cent per barrel 00:39:12.05000:39:12.060 five months later Bilderberg attendee 00:39:14.91000:39:14.920 and Rockefeller protégé Henry Kissinger 00:39:16.74000:39:16.750 acting as Nixon's Secretary of State 00:39:18.81000:39:18.820 engineered the Yom Kippur War and 00:39:20.97000:39:20.980 provoked OPEX response an oil embargo of 00:39:24.51000:39:24.520 the US and other nations that had 00:39:25.98000:39:25.990 supported Israel on October 16th 1973 00:39:29.73000:39:29.740 OPEC raised oil prices by 70 percent at 00:39:32.64000:39:32.650 their December meeting the Shah of Iran 00:39:35.49000:39:35.500 demanded and received a further raise to 00:39:38.21000:39:38.220 $11.65 a barrel or 400% of oils 00:39:41.79000:39:41.800 pre-crisis price when asked by Saudi 00:39:45.03000:39:45.040 king faisal x' personal emissary why he 00:39:47.46000:39:47.470 had demanded such a bold price increase 00:39:49.53000:39:49.540 he replied tell your king if he wants 00:39:52.47000:39:52.480 the answer to this question he should go 00:39:54.69000:39:54.700 to Washington and ask Henry Kissinger in 00:39:57.42000:39:57.430 the second move of the operation 00:39:59.76000:39:59.770 Kissinger helped negotiate a deal with 00:40:01.83000:40:01.840 Saudi Arabia in exchange for us our 00:40:04.50000:40:04.510 military protection the Saudis would 00:40:06.57000:40:06.580 price all their future oil sales in 00:40:08.25000:40:08.260 dollars and recycle those dollars 00:40:10.17000:40:10.180 through Treasury purchases via Wall 00:40:11.82000:40:11.830 Street banks the deal was a bonanza for 00:40:15.21000:40:15.220 the oiligarchs not only did they get the 00:40:17.55000:40:17.560 past the price increases on to the 00:40:19.11000:40:19.120 consumers 00:40:19.86000:40:19.870 but they benefited from the huge flows 00:40:21.78000:40:21.790 of money into their own banks the Shah 00:40:24.27000:40:24.280 of Iran parked the National Iranian oil 00:40:26.10000:40:26.110 companies revenues in Rockefellers own 00:40:28.02000:40:28.030 Chase Bank revenues that reached 14 00:40:30.78000:40:30.790 billion dollars per year in the wake of 00:40:32.91000:40:32.920 the oil crisis with the creation of this 00:40:36.42000:40:36.430 new system the petrodollar the 00:40:39.00000:40:39.010 oiligarchs had reached unprecedented 00:40:40.47000:40:40.480 levels of control over the economy not 00:40:43.98000:40:43.990 only that they had backed the world 00:40:46.44000:40:46.450 monetary system with their commodity oil 00:40:49.29000:40:49.300 and brought potential competition from 00:40:51.66000:40:51.670 upstart producer nations under their 00:40:53.55000:40:53.560 control all in one step but for the 00:40:57.18000:40:57.190 insatiable appetites of these monopolist 00:40:59.58000:40:59.590 titans mere control over the world's 00:41:02.37000:41:02.380 monetary system was not enough 00:41:18.67000:41:18.680 in the 19th century railroad 00:41:21.53000:41:21.540 conspiracies and predatory pricing had 00:41:23.51000:41:23.520 been enough to assure the oiligarchs 00:41:24.95000:41:24.960 monopoly but by the time that the 00:41:27.20000:41:27.210 British crown the Dutch royal family the 00:41:29.24000:41:29.250 Rothschilds and the other European oil 00:41:31.10000:41:31.110 agaric began opening up the Middle East 00:41:32.84000:41:32.850 and the Far East to oil exploration in 00:41:34.76000:41:34.770 the early 20th century the goal was no 00:41:37.13000:41:37.140 longer to maximize profits or control 00:41:39.44000:41:39.450 the oil industry it was not even to 00:41:41.84000:41:41.850 control international diplomacy it was 00:41:44.54000:41:44.550 to control and shape the world itself 00:41:46.96000:41:46.970 its resources its environment and its 00:41:50.93000:41:50.940 people in order to achieve this goal the 00:41:54.98000:41:54.990 oiligarchy would need a facelift in the 00:41:58.79000:41:58.800 current age with the Rockefeller name 00:42:00.71000:42:00.720 now more likely to be associated with 00:42:02.39000:42:02.400 Rockefeller Plaza or Rockefeller 00:42:04.28000:42:04.290 University than Standard Oil it is 00:42:06.71000:42:06.720 difficult to understand just how hated 00:42:08.96000:42:08.970 John Dee was in his own day he was the 00:42:11.93000:42:11.940 head of the Standard Oil Hydra an 00:42:13.60000:42:13.610 octopus strangling the world in his 00:42:15.92000:42:15.930 tentacles a cutthroat gardener pruning 00:42:18.56000:42:18.570 the competitors from the flower of his 00:42:20.18000:42:20.190 oil monopoly as one of the richest men 00:42:23.24000:42:23.250 the world had ever known he was an easy 00:42:25.34000:42:25.350 target for the average working man's 00:42:26.96000:42:26.970 frustration and a magnet for the poor 00:42:29.18000:42:29.190 seeking help he received on average 00:42:35.69000:42:35.700 fifty to sixty thousand letters a month 00:42:40.27000:42:40.280 asking for help 00:42:44.11000:42:44.120 dozens of people followed him in the 00:42:46.22000:42:46.230 street literally crowds stood around the 00:42:53.72000:42:53.730 Standard Oil offices waiting for him to 00:42:56.96000:42:56.970 come out you know little children 00:43:00.14000:43:00.150 painfully thin crying in the streets on 00:43:04.21000:43:04.220 rockefeller felt overwhelmed besieged by 00:43:09.20000:43:09.210 the downtrodden despised by the working 00:43:11.51000:43:11.520 man hounded by Ida Tarbell in the 00:43:13.76000:43:13.770 muckraking press John D had the mother 00:43:16.25000:43:16.260 of all PR problems the answer was simple 00:43:19.78000:43:19.790 invent the PR industry 00:43:22.30000:43:22.310 he hired Ivy Ledbetter Lee a journalist 00:43:25.61000:43:25.620 turned communications expert who 00:43:27.05000:43:27.060 invented the modern public relations 00:43:28.76000:43:28.770 industry to burnish the rockefeller 00:43:30.86000:43:30.870 tarnished image it was Lee that 00:43:33.44000:43:33.450 suggested giving the family name to 00:43:35.09000:43:35.100 Rockefeller Center and filming John D 00:43:37.25000:43:37.260 handing out dimes in public 00:43:41.35000:43:41.360 an early master of public relations Lee 00:43:44.54000:43:44.550 used the media which the muckrakers had 00:43:46.70000:43:46.710 used to disgrace Rockefeller to turn him 00:43:49.25000:43:49.260 into a sympathetic figure Ivy Lee 00:43:53.75000:43:53.760 recognized early the power of the new 00:43:55.85000:43:55.860 moving picture and used newsreels to 00:43:58.40000:43:58.410 show a remarkably benevolent Rockefeller 00:44:00.66000:44:00.67000:44:13.75000:44:13.760 his Ivy Lee began to kind of control his 00:44:17.51000:44:17.520 public image he became oddly a kind of 00:44:21.35000:44:21.360 American character and people kind of 00:44:24.38000:44:24.390 warmed to him in a bizarre sort of way 00:44:26.15000:44:26.160 it was like having Frankenstein on the 00:44:27.65000:44:27.660 loose walking around New York City or 00:44:29.36000:44:29.370 something like that with a cane and long 00:44:31.55000:44:31.560 head although this plane never takes off 00:44:36.77000:44:36.780 this photo opportunity was presented as 00:44:38.84000:44:38.850 seniors first flight 00:44:39.98000:44:39.990 perhaps Ivy Lee's most brilliant public 00:44:42.23000:44:42.240 relations move was the casting of 00:44:44.18000:44:44.190 Rockefeller as the man who gave up dimes 00:44:51.05000:44:51.060 [Laughter] 00:44:55.90000:44:55.91000:44:57.34900:44:57.359 thank you sir 00:44:59.13000:44:59.140 thank you very much like addendum I 00:45:01.14000:45:01.150 thank you for the ride I consider myself 00:45:03.29900:45:03.309 more than athletes aid 00:45:08.53900:45:08.549 these PR stunts seem obvious and 00:45:11.33900:45:11.349 ham-handed by today's standards but they 00:45:13.62000:45:13.630 were effective enough to this day people 00:45:16.20000:45:16.210 leave dimes on the stone marker at the 00:45:18.08900:45:18.099 base of the 70-foot Egyptian obelisk the 00:45:20.70000:45:20.710 towers over John Dee's final resting 00:45:22.76900:45:22.779 place in Cleveland's Lakeview Cemetery 00:45:25.33900:45:25.349 but he was not stage-managed photo 00:45:27.98900:45:27.999 opportunities like these that 00:45:29.70000:45:29.710 transformed Rockefeller into a public 00:45:31.65000:45:31.660 hero in order to win the public over he 00:45:35.24900:45:35.259 was going to have to give them what they 00:45:36.63000:45:36.640 wanted and what they wanted wasn't 00:45:39.26900:45:39.279 difficult to understand money but just 00:45:43.44000:45:43.450 as his father devil bill had taught him 00:45:45.80900:45:45.819 to do in all his business dealings 00:45:47.50900:45:47.519 Rockefeller made sure to get the better 00:45:49.44000:45:49.450 end of the bargain he would donate his 00:45:52.46900:45:52.479 great wealth to the creation of public 00:45:54.18000:45:54.190 institutions but those institutions 00:45:56.67000:45:56.680 would be used to bend society to his 00:45:58.70900:45:58.719 will as every would-be ruler throughout 00:46:02.40000:46:02.410 history has realized society has to be 00:46:04.95000:46:04.960 transformed from the ground up Americans 00:46:07.92000:46:07.930 in the 19th century still priced 00:46:09.50900:46:09.519 education and intellectual pursuits with 00:46:12.12000:46:12.130 the 1840 census finding unsurprisingly 00:46:14.51900:46:14.529 that the United States a nation that had 00:46:16.97900:46:16.989 been mobilized by tracts like Thomas 00:46:18.59900:46:18.609 Paine's remarkably popular common sense 00:46:20.70000:46:20.710 was a nation of readers with a 00:46:23.09900:46:23.109 remarkable 93% to 100% literacy rate 00:46:27.04900:46:27.059 before the first compulsory schooling 00:46:29.30900:46:29.319 laws in Massachusetts in 1852 education 00:46:32.51900:46:32.529 was private and decentralized and as a 00:46:34.76900:46:34.779 result classical education including 00:46:37.01900:46:37.029 study of Greek and Latin and a solid 00:46:39.05900:46:39.069 grounding in history and science was 00:46:40.85900:46:40.869 widespread but a nation of individuals 00:46:44.13000:46:44.140 who could think for themselves was 00:46:45.59900:46:45.609 anathema to the monopolists the 00:46:47.84900:46:47.859 oiligarchs needed a massive obedient 00:46:49.70900:46:49.719 workers an entire class of people whose 00:46:52.10900:46:52.119 intellect was developed just enough to 00:46:54.15000:46:54.160 prepare them for lives of drudgery in a 00:46:55.89000:46:55.900 factory into the mid step john d 00:46:58.70900:46:58.719 rockefeller with his first great act of 00:47:00.63000:47:00.640 public charity the establishment of the 00:47:03.02900:47:03.039 University of Chicago 00:47:04.81000:47:04.820 he was aided in this task by Frederick 00:47:07.24000:47:07.250 Taylor gates a Baptist minister that 00:47:09.43000:47:09.440 Rockefeller befriended in 1889 and who 00:47:11.86000:47:11.870 would go on to be John Dee's most 00:47:13.09000:47:13.100 trusted philanthropic advisor gates 00:47:15.79000:47:15.800 would go on to write a short tract the 00:47:17.68000:47:17.690 country school of tomorrow that laid out 00:47:19.63000:47:19.640 the Rockefeller plan for education in 00:47:23.56000:47:23.570 our dream we have limitless resources 00:47:25.66000:47:25.670 and the people yield themselves with 00:47:27.40000:47:27.410 perfect facility to our moulding hand 00:47:29.50000:47:29.510 the present educational conventions fade 00:47:32.17000:47:32.180 from our minds and unhampered by 00:47:34.63000:47:34.640 tradition we work our own goodwill upon 00:47:36.94000:47:36.950 a grateful and responsive folk we shall 00:47:39.91000:47:39.920 not try to make these people or any of 00:47:41.41000:47:41.420 their children into philosophers or men 00:47:43.48000:47:43.490 of learning or science we are not to 00:47:45.73000:47:45.740 raise up from among them authors orders 00:47:48.01000:47:48.020 poets or men of letters 00:47:49.42000:47:49.430 we shall not search for embryo great 00:47:51.76000:47:51.770 artists painters musicians nor will we 00:47:54.67000:47:54.680 cherish even the humbler ambition to 00:47:56.23000:47:56.240 raise up from among them lawyers doctors 00:47:57.94000:47:57.950 preachers politicians statesmen of whom 00:48:00.94000:48:00.950 we now have ample supply 00:48:03.66000:48:03.670 although Rockefellers resources weren't 00:48:06.07000:48:06.080 exactly limitless they might as well 00:48:08.14000:48:08.150 have been in 1902 he established the 00:48:10.93000:48:10.940 General Education Board to help 00:48:12.52000:48:12.530 implement Gates's vision for the country 00:48:14.29000:48:14.300 school tomorrow with a staggering 180 00:48:17.08000:48:17.090 million dollar endowment the Rockefeller 00:48:20.59000:48:20.600 influence on education was felt almost 00:48:22.33000:48:22.340 immediately and it was amplified by help 00:48:24.97000:48:24.980 from fellow monopolists of the era who 00:48:26.77000:48:26.780 were approaching the topic of 00:48:27.91000:48:27.920 philanthropy from the same angle 00:48:29.52000:48:29.530 although best known as a steel magnate 00:48:32.02000:48:32.030 Andrew Carnegie's fortune started on the 00:48:34.48000:48:34.490 railroads transporting Rockefeller 00:48:36.13000:48:36.140 Standard Oil around the country and was 00:48:38.38000:48:38.390 greatly magnified by a lucrative 00:48:39.85000:48:39.860 investment in property near oil creek 00:48:41.86000:48:41.870 that provided steady profitable oil 00:48:43.87000:48:43.880 sales in 1905 he established the 00:48:47.29000:48:47.300 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement 00:48:48.58000:48:48.590 of teaching a tax-free foundation 00:48:51.31000:48:51.320 through which Carnegie and his 00:48:52.51000:48:52.520 appointees could direct the development 00:48:54.22000:48:54.230 of the education system in the United 00:48:55.51000:48:55.520 States and eventually worldwide in 1910 00:49:00.48000:49:00.490 Rockefeller followed suit by 00:49:02.05000:49:02.060 establishing the Rockefeller Foundation 00:49:04.00000:49:04.010 which became the tax-free umbrella 00:49:05.83000:49:05.840 organization for his philanthropic 00:49:07.21000:49:07.220 ambitions as the Ries Committee a 00:49:10.45000:49:10.460 congressional investigation into the 00:49:12.40000:49:12.410 activities of these tax-free foundations 00:49:13.90000:49:13.910 in the 1950s discovered it wasn't long 00:49:17.17000:49:17.180 before Carnegie's 00:49:18.16000:49:18.170 meant approached Rockefellers Foundation 00:49:20.11000:49:20.120 with a proposal to cooperate on their 00:49:22.84000:49:22.850 shared desire to transform the American 00:49:24.76000:49:24.770 education system in their own image 00:49:27.18000:49:27.190 Norman Dodd the director of research for 00:49:29.83000:49:29.840 the Congressional Committee who was 00:49:31.18000:49:31.190 granted access to the Carnegie Endowment 00:49:32.89000:49:32.900 Board minutes explains so they 00:49:37.48000:49:37.490 approached the Rockefeller Foundation 00:49:41.10000:49:41.110 with the suggestion that that portion of 00:49:46.27000:49:46.280 Education which is could be considered 00:49:48.82000:49:48.830 domestic be handled by the Rockefeller 00:49:52.00000:49:52.010 Foundation and that portion which is 00:49:54.66000:49:54.670 international should be handled by the 00:49:56.80000:49:56.810 endowment and they then decide that the 00:50:01.96000:50:01.970 key to the success of these two 00:50:04.33000:50:04.340 operations lay in the inauguration of 00:50:08.95000:50:08.960 the teaching of American history so they 00:50:12.49000:50:12.500 approached four of the then most 00:50:16.78000:50:16.790 prominent teachers of American history 00:50:20.71000:50:20.720 in the country people like Charles and 00:50:23.08000:50:23.090 Mary Byrd and their suggestion to them 00:50:28.99000:50:29.000 is will they alter the manner in which 00:50:32.29000:50:32.300 they present this subject and they get 00:50:34.18000:50:34.190 turned down flat so they then decide 00:50:39.37000:50:39.380 that it is necessary for them to do as 00:50:42.25000:50:42.260 they say build our own stable of 00:50:45.13000:50:45.140 historians and have and then they 00:50:49.92000:50:49.930 approach the Guggenheim Foundation which 00:50:52.75000:50:52.760 specializes in fellowships and say when 00:50:57.16000:50:57.170 we find young men in the process of 00:51:01.69000:51:01.700 studying for doctorates in the field of 00:51:03.94000:51:03.950 American history and we feel that they 00:51:07.66000:51:07.670 are the right caliber will you Grantham 00:51:10.81000:51:10.820 fellowships on our say-so and the answer 00:51:14.38000:51:14.390 is yes so under that condition 00:51:18.66000:51:18.670 eventually they assembled 20 and they 00:51:24.22000:51:24.230 take this 20 potential teachers of 00:51:29.02000:51:29.030 American history to London and 00:51:31.85000:51:31.860 they're briefed into what is expected of 00:51:35.39000:51:35.400 them when as an if they secure 00:51:38.42000:51:38.430 appointments in keeping with the 00:51:41.42000:51:41.430 doctorates they will have earned and 00:51:46.84000:51:46.850 that new that group of twenty historians 00:51:51.98000:51:51.990 ultimately becomes the nucleus of the 00:51:54.77000:51:54.780 American Historical Association and and 00:51:59.36000:51:59.370 toward the end of the 1920s the 00:52:02.93000:52:02.940 endowment grants to the American 00:52:05.12000:52:05.130 Historical Association four hundred 00:52:08.60000:52:08.610 thousand dollars for a study of our 00:52:12.61000:52:12.620 history in a manner which points to what 00:52:17.03000:52:17.040 can this country be can it look forward 00:52:20.42000:52:20.430 to in the future and that culminates in 00:52:28.10000:52:28.110 a seven-volume study book study the last 00:52:35.60000:52:35.610 volume of which is of course an essence 00:52:38.06000:52:38.070 a summary of the contents of the other 00:52:40.88000:52:40.890 six and the essence of the last volume 00:52:43.70000:52:43.710 is the future of this country belongs to 00:52:47.74000:52:47.750 collectivism administered with 00:52:51.34000:52:51.350 characteristic American efficiency 00:52:57.14000:52:57.150 with this base for transformation firmly 00:52:59.82000:52:59.830 established the Rockefeller Foundation 00:53:01.98000:53:01.990 and like-minded organizations embarked 00:53:03.72000:53:03.730 on a program so ambitious that it almost 00:53:06.03000:53:06.040 defies comprehension they transformed 00:53:09.15000:53:09.160 the practice of medicine as usual the 00:53:12.24000:53:12.250 oligarchs that funded this change were 00:53:13.86000:53:13.870 also there to profit from it and once 00:53:16.05000:53:16.060 again John Dee took his cue from devil 00:53:18.06000:53:18.070 bill's example William Rockefeller had 00:53:21.03000:53:21.040 called his brand of snake oil new Joel 00:53:23.01000:53:23.020 for new oil and Standard Oil spun off 00:53:25.92000:53:25.930 new Joel as a laxative under their Stan 00:53:27.96000:53:27.970 Co subsidiary manufactured on the same 00:53:30.57000:53:30.580 premises flit an insecticide also 00:53:33.09000:53:33.100 derived from standard oils byproducts 00:53:34.86000:53:34.870 new Joel sold at the druggist for twenty 00:53:36.96000:53:36.970 eight cents per six ounce bottle it cost 00:53:39.48000:53:39.490 Standard Oil less than one-fifth of a 00:53:41.49000:53:41.500 cent to manufacture pharmaceuticals 00:53:44.46000:53:44.470 provided a lucrative new opportunity for 00:53:46.20000:53:46.210 the oiligarchs but in a 00:53:47.91000:53:47.920 turn-of-the-century America that was 00:53:49.35000:53:49.360 still largely based on naturopathic 00:53:50.97000:53:50.980 herbal remedies it was a tough sell the 00:53:54.51000:53:54.520 oiligarchy went to work changing that in 00:53:57.96000:53:57.970 1901 John D established the Rockefeller 00:54:00.45000:54:00.460 Institute for medical research the 00:54:02.97000:54:02.980 Institute recruited Simon Flexner a 00:54:04.83000:54:04.840 pathology professor at the University of 00:54:06.81000:54:06.820 Pennsylvania to serve as its director 00:54:08.79000:54:08.800 his brother Abraham was an educator who 00:54:12.09000:54:12.100 was contracted by the Carnegie 00:54:13.44000:54:13.450 Foundation to write a report on the 00:54:14.97000:54:14.980 state of the American medical education 00:54:16.71000:54:16.720 system his study the Flexner report 00:54:19.37000:54:19.380 along with the hundreds of millions of 00:54:21.75000:54:21.760 dollars that the Rockefeller and 00:54:23.07000:54:23.080 Carnegie foundations were to shower on 00:54:24.75000:54:24.760 medical research in the coming years 00:54:26.28000:54:26.290 resulted in a sweeping overhaul of the 00:54:28.56000:54:28.570 american medical system naturopathic and 00:54:31.44000:54:31.450 homeopathic medicine medical care 00:54:33.54000:54:33.550 focused on unpatentable unmarketable 00:54:35.52000:54:35.530 natural remedies and cures was now 00:54:37.95000:54:37.960 dismissed as quackery only drug based 00:54:40.68000:54:40.690 allopathic medicine requiring expensive 00:54:43.05000:54:43.060 medical procedures and lengthy hospital 00:54:45.15000:54:45.160 stays was to be taken seriously the 00:54:51.21000:54:51.220 fortunes of Carnegie Morgan and 00:54:53.40000:54:53.410 Rockefeller financed surgery radiation 00:54:56.49000:54:56.500 and synthetic drugs they were to become 00:54:59.28000:54:59.290 the economic foundations of the new 00:55:01.38000:55:01.390 medical economy the takeover of the 00:55:04.59000:55:04.600 medical industry was accomplished by a 00:55:08.82000:55:08.830 takeover of the medical schools well the 00:55:12.90000:55:12.910 people that were talking about 00:55:13.86000:55:13.870 Rockefeller and Carnegie in particular 00:55:15.84000:55:15.850 came to the picture and said we will put 00:55:18.87000:55:18.880 up money they offer tremendous amounts 00:55:22.23000:55:22.240 of money to the schools that would agree 00:55:24.63000:55:24.640 to cooperate with them the donor said to 00:55:27.33000:55:27.340 the schools we're giving you all this 00:55:29.61000:55:29.620 money now would it be too much to ask if 00:55:32.04000:55:32.050 we could put some of our people on your 00:55:34.62000:55:34.630 board of directors to see that our money 00:55:37.74000:55:37.750 is being spent wisely almost overnight 00:55:42.65000:55:42.660 all of the major universities received 00:55:46.38000:55:46.390 large grants from these sources and also 00:55:50.52000:55:50.530 accepted one two or three of these 00:55:53.43000:55:53.440 people that I mentioned on their board 00:55:55.17000:55:55.180 of directors and the schools literally 00:55:57.00000:55:57.010 were taken over by the financial 00:55:59.79000:55:59.800 interests that put up the money now what 00:56:03.54000:56:03.550 happened as a result of that is that the 00:56:05.64000:56:05.650 schools did receive an infusion of money 00:56:09.60000:56:09.610 they were able to build new buildings 00:56:11.64000:56:11.650 they were able to add expensive 00:56:14.22000:56:14.230 equipment to their laboratories they 00:56:15.87000:56:15.880 were able to hire top-notch teachers but 00:56:19.35000:56:19.360 at the same time as doing that they 00:56:21.51000:56:21.520 skewed the whole thing in the direction 00:56:23.82000:56:23.830 of pharmaceutical drugs that was the 00:56:27.72000:56:27.730 efficiency in philanthropy the doctors 00:56:30.99000:56:31.000 from that point forward in history would 00:56:33.21000:56:33.220 be taught pharmaceutical drugs all of 00:56:37.26000:56:37.270 the great teaching institutions in 00:56:38.79000:56:38.800 America were captured by the 00:56:42.09000:56:42.100 pharmaceutical interests in this fashion 00:56:44.43000:56:44.440 and it's amazing how little money it 00:56:46.50000:56:46.510 really took to do it 00:56:48.96000:56:48.970 the oiligarchy birthd entire medical 00:56:51.67000:56:51.680 industries from their own research 00:56:53.14000:56:53.150 centers and then sold their own products 00:56:55.45000:56:55.460 from their own petrochemical companies 00:56:57.00900:56:57.019 as the cure it was Frank Howard a 00:57:00.03900:57:00.049 Standard Oil of New Jersey executive who 00:57:02.20000:57:02.210 would go on to persuade Alfred Sloan and 00:57:03.96900:57:03.979 Charles Kettering to donate their 00:57:05.20000:57:05.210 fortunes to the cancer center that would 00:57:06.94000:57:06.950 then bear their name as director of 00:57:09.43000:57:09.440 research at sloan-kettering Howard 00:57:11.31900:57:11.329 appointed Cornelius Rhodes a Rockefeller 00:57:13.63000:57:13.640 Institute pathologist to develop his 00:57:15.70000:57:15.710 wartime research on mustard gas for the 00:57:17.49900:57:17.509 US Army into a new cancer therapy under 00:57:20.55900:57:20.569 Rhodes his leadership nearly the entire 00:57:22.45000:57:22.460 program and staff of the chemical war 00:57:24.64000:57:24.650 service was reformed into the 00:57:26.10900:57:26.119 sloan-kettering drug development program 00:57:28.02900:57:28.039 where they worked on converting mustard 00:57:29.92000:57:29.930 gas into chemotherapy and once again the 00:57:33.60900:57:33.619 Rockefellers own snake oil was being 00:57:35.46900:57:35.479 sold as a cancer cure all the oiligarchs 00:57:38.97900:57:38.989 interest in the burgeoning 00:57:40.02900:57:40.039 pharmaceutical industry converged in 00:57:41.89000:57:41.900 companies like IG Farben a drug and 00:57:44.22900:57:44.239 chemical cartel formed in Germany in the 00:57:45.99900:57:46.009 early 20th century royal dutch his own 00:57:48.96900:57:48.979 prince bernhard served on an IG Farben 00:57:51.19000:57:51.200 subsidiaries board in the 1930s and the 00:57:53.65000:57:53.660 cartels American operation set up in 00:57:55.83900:57:55.849 cooperation with Standard Oil included 00:57:58.26900:57:58.279 on its board Standard Oil President 00:58:00.13000:58:00.140 Walter Tegel as well as Paul Warburg of 00:58:02.41000:58:02.420 Kuhn Loeb and company itself headed by 00:58:04.39000:58:04.400 Jacob Schiff of the Rothschild broker 00:58:06.00900:58:06.019 family at its height IG Farben was the 00:58:09.54900:58:09.559 largest chemical company in the world 00:58:10.90000:58:10.910 and the fourth largest industrial 00:58:12.70000:58:12.710 concern in the world right behind 00:58:14.89000:58:14.900 Standard Oil of New Jersey the company 00:58:18.16000:58:18.170 was broken up after World War two but 00:58:19.87000:58:19.880 like Standard Oil its various pieces 00:58:22.29900:58:22.309 remained intact and today BASF one of 00:58:25.56900:58:25.579 its chemical offshoots remains the 00:58:27.48900:58:27.49900:58:29.01900:58:29.029 while Baron Santa Fe 00:58:30.84900:58:30.859 two of its pharmaceutical offshoots are 00:58:32.85900:58:32.869 among the largest pharmaceutical 00:58:34.18000:58:34.190 companies in the world not content 00:58:37.50900:58:37.519 merely to monopolize the fields of 00:58:39.16000:58:39.170 education and medicine the same oil 00:58:41.34900:58:41.359 agaric all interests banded together to 00:58:43.15000:58:43.160 take control of America's finances in 00:58:45.91000:58:45.920 1910 john d rockefeller Jr's own 00:58:48.64000:58:48.650 father-in-law senator Nelson Aldrich 00:58:50.85900:58:50.869 Frank Vanderlip of the National City 00:58:52.95900:58:52.969 Bank and Paul Warburg as well as various 00:58:55.74900:58:55.759 agents of JP Morgan met in complete 00:58:58.15000:58:58.160 secrecy on Jekyll Island to hammer out 00:58:59.89000:58:59.900 the details of what would go on to 00:59:01.53900:59:01.549 become the 00:59:02.20000:59:02.210 Federal Reserve America's central bank 00:59:04.68000:59:04.690 the Fed established in 1913 would be run 00:59:08.65000:59:08.660 by hand-picked appointees of the 00:59:10.21000:59:10.220 oiligarchy and their banking associates 00:59:11.92000:59:11.930 including perhaps inevitably Standard 00:59:14.80000:59:14.810 Oil president and American IG director 00:59:16.75000:59:16.760 Walter Tegel the Rockefeller family 00:59:19.81000:59:19.820 would go on to formally enter the 00:59:21.40000:59:21.410 banking field in the 1950s when James 00:59:23.71000:59:23.720 Stillman Rockefeller the grandson of 00:59:25.69000:59:25.700 John Dee's brother was appointed 00:59:27.37000:59:27.380 Director of National City Bank meanwhile 00:59:30.01000:59:30.020 John Dee's own grandson David 00:59:31.63000:59:31.640 Rockefeller would go on to take over 00:59:33.25000:59:33.260 Chase Manhattan Bank the longtime 00:59:35.10900:59:35.119 banking partner of the Standard Oil 00:59:36.60900:59:36.619 Empire in this move the Rockefeller 00:59:39.88000:59:39.890 story perfectly mirrored that of their 00:59:41.82900:59:41.839 fellow oiligarchs the Rothschilds 00:59:43.68000:59:43.690 whereas the Rothschilds had supplemented 00:59:46.21000:59:46.220 their banking fortune with their oil 00:59:47.56000:59:47.570 interests the Rockefeller supplemented 00:59:49.96000:59:49.970 their oil fortune with banking interests 00:59:52.74000:59:52.750 springboarding from success to success 00:59:54.67000:59:54.680 as they consolidated monopolies across 00:59:56.80000:59:56.810 every field of human activity the 00:59:59.23000:59:59.240 oiligarchs ambitions became even larger 01:00:01.50001:00:01.510 this time their goal was to consolidate 01:00:04.35901:00:04.369 control over the very food supply of the 01:00:06.46001:00:06.470 world itself and once again they would 01:00:09.46001:00:09.470 use philanthropy as the cover for their 01:00:11.71001:00:11.720 business takeover the Green Revolution 01:00:16.24001:00:16.250 began in 1943 when plant geneticist 01:00:19.93001:00:19.940 Norman Borlaug and a team of researchers 01:00:22.26001:00:22.270 arrived on Mexican soil his goal was to 01:00:25.90001:00:25.910 improve agricultural techniques and 01:00:27.94001:00:27.950 biotechnological methodologies which in 01:00:30.57901:00:30.589 turn would help alleviate starvation and 01:00:32.77001:00:32.780 improve the living quality of developing 01:00:35.32001:00:35.330 nations creating new genetically 01:00:37.90001:00:37.910 modified strains of wheat rice maize and 01:00:41.02001:00:41.030 other crops Borlaug planned to win the 01:00:43.54001:00:43.550 battle against world hunger 01:00:45.69001:00:45.700 the hope was that these new crops and 01:00:47.81901:00:47.829 farming techniques would rescue third 01:00:49.79901:00:49.809 world countries from the brink of 01:00:51.42001:00:51.430 starvation that's exactly what happened 01:00:54.00001:00:54.010 the agricultural innovations brought to 01:00:56.94001:00:56.950 the poverty-stricken countries gave the 01:00:58.95001:00:58.960 farmers the skills and resources 01:01:00.66001:01:00.670 necessary to sustain themselves this 01:01:03.83901:01:03.849 triggered a chain of events that would 01:01:05.70001:01:05.710 allow these once struggling nations to 01:01:07.85901:01:07.869 survive agricultural exports soared in 01:01:10.77001:01:10.780 quantity and diversity and allowed the 01:01:13.28901:01:13.299 countries to become self-sufficient as 01:01:15.35901:01:15.369 the genetically modified crops thrived 01:01:18.00001:01:18.010 farmers were able to use their increased 01:01:20.52001:01:20.530 income to purchase newer and superior 01:01:22.98001:01:22.990 farming machinery this increase in 01:01:25.58901:01:25.599 revenue made farming easier more 01:01:27.66001:01:27.670 reliable and more efficient the Green 01:01:30.69001:01:30.700 Revolution led to the modernization of 01:01:32.88001:01:32.890 Agriculture and has had a profound 01:01:34.71001:01:34.720 social economic and political impact on 01:01:38.01001:01:38.020 the world 01:01:38.73001:01:38.740 the Mexican government turned to the 01:01:41.19001:01:41.200 Rockefeller Foundation and their 01:01:42.83901:01:42.849 endeavored to nourish Mexico through 01:01:44.91001:01:44.920 agriculture Norman Borlaug needless to 01:01:50.25001:01:50.260 say was a researcher for the Rockefeller 01:01:52.02001:01:52.030 Foundation and the Green Revolution for 01:01:54.39001:01:54.400 whatever increase in yields had brought 01:01:55.79901:01:55.809 about also created markets for the 01:01:57.96001:01:57.970 oiligarchs own interest in the 01:01:59.49001:01:59.500 petrochemical fertilizer industry and 01:02:01.41001:02:01.420 gave rise to the ABCD seed cartel of 01:02:03.83901:02:03.849 Archer Daniels Midland Bunge Cargill and 01:02:06.29901:02:06.309 Louie Dreyfus these companies along with 01:02:09.48001:02:09.490 their associated interests in the food 01:02:10.92001:02:10.930 packaging and processing industry formed 01:02:13.17001:02:13.180 the core of American agribusiness a 01:02:15.08901:02:15.099 concept developed at Harvard Business 01:02:16.89001:02:16.900 School in the 1950s with the help of 01:02:19.23001:02:19.240 research conducted by Vasily leontiev 01:02:21.15001:02:21.160 for the Rockefeller Foundation the 01:02:24.24001:02:24.250 American agribusiness Giants shared a 01:02:26.40001:02:26.410 common goal the transformation of third 01:02:28.71001:02:28.720 world agriculture into a captive market 01:02:30.45001:02:30.460 for their goods from this perspective 01:02:32.76001:02:32.770 the project was a runaway success by the 01:02:36.18001:02:36.190 1970s the Rockefeller Standard Oil 01:02:38.25001:02:38.260 Network in its cronies in the nitrogen 01:02:40.10901:02:40.119 fertilizer industry including DuPont Dow 01:02:42.42001:02:42.430 Chemical and Hercules powder had broken 01:02:44.54901:02:44.559 into markets around the world markets 01:02:46.71001:02:46.720 conveniently forced open for them by the 01:02:48.53901:02:48.549 US government itself under President 01:02:50.33901:02:50.349 Johnson's food for Peace program which 01:02:52.50001:02:52.510 mandated the use of petrochemical 01:02:54.12001:02:54.130 dependent agricultural technologies by 01:02:56.19001:02:56.200 aid recipients unable to afford these 01:02:59.22001:02:59.230 the 01:02:59.46001:02:59.470 technologies themselves the impoverished 01:03:01.68001:03:01.690 third-world beneficiaries of this 01:03:03.35901:03:03.369 revolution relied on loans from the 01:03:05.28001:03:05.290 International Monetary Fund in the World 01:03:07.02001:03:07.030 Bank 01:03:07.44001:03:07.450 handled by Rockefellers own Chase 01:03:09.18001:03:09.190 Manhattan Bank and guaranteed by the US 01:03:11.37001:03:11.380 government the real costs of the Green 01:03:15.00001:03:15.010 Revolution economic agricultural and 01:03:17.46001:03:17.470 environmental are seldom tallied access 01:03:20.55001:03:20.560 to these debt financed petrochemical 01:03:22.26001:03:22.270 dependent technologies exacerbated the 01:03:24.45001:03:24.460 difference between the rich land owning 01:03:25.85901:03:25.869 class and the landless peasants in 01:03:27.75001:03:27.760 countries like India where land reform 01:03:29.88001:03:29.890 and abolition of usury were dropped from 01:03:31.68001:03:31.690 the political agenda after the Green 01:03:33.33001:03:33.340 Revolution took over even then the 01:03:36.69001:03:36.700 revolutions main success its increase in 01:03:38.84901:03:38.859 agricultural yields has been oversold 01:03:41.24001:03:41.250 yield growth across India actually 01:03:43.83001:03:43.840 slowed after the introduction of 01:03:45.21001:03:45.220 agribusiness the environmental 01:03:47.43001:03:47.440 destruction is even more devastating an 01:03:49.29001:03:49.300 overview in the December 2000 edition of 01:03:51.81001:03:51.820 current science notes the green 01:03:53.70001:03:53.710 revolution has not only increased 01:03:54.96001:03:54.970 productivity but it has also produced 01:03:57.24001:03:57.250 several negative ecological consequences 01:03:59.22001:03:59.230 such as depletion of lands decline in 01:04:02.07001:04:02.080 soil fertility soil salinization soil 01:04:04.95001:04:04.960 erosion deterioration of environment 01:04:07.20001:04:07.210 health hazards poor sustainability of 01:04:09.48001:04:09.490 agricultural lands and degradation of 01:04:11.57901:04:11.589 biodiversity indiscriminate use of 01:04:13.98001:04:13.990 pesticides irrigation and imbalanced 01:04:16.50001:04:16.510 fertilization has threatened 01:04:18.03001:04:18.040 sustainability the Rockefeller 01:04:20.79001:04:20.800 Foundation even acknowledges the 01:04:22.41001:04:22.420 critiques of the Green Revolution it 01:04:23.94001:04:23.950 funded into existence insisting that 01:04:26.28001:04:26.290 current initiatives take into account 01:04:28.20001:04:28.210 lessons learned even so the foundation 01:04:31.56001:04:31.570 continues to fund research and write 01:04:33.08901:04:33.099 reports on how to improve prospects for 01:04:35.19001:04:35.200 agribusiness investment in its target 01:04:37.14001:04:37.150 markets as egregious as the Green 01:04:40.29001:04:40.300 Revolution was and continues to be 01:04:41.94001:04:41.950 however in many ways it was just the 01:04:44.13001:04:44.140 prelude to an even more ambitious 01:04:45.63001:04:45.640 project the gene revolution now the 01:04:49.20001:04:49.210 project is not merely to monopolize the 01:04:51.18001:04:51.190 technologies supplies and chemical 01:04:53.01001:04:53.020 inputs for agriculture worldwide but to 01:04:55.56001:04:55.570 monopolize the food supply itself 01:04:57.42001:04:57.430 through the replacement of the world's 01:04:59.25001:04:59.260 natural seeds with patentable 01:05:00.83901:05:00.849 genetically modified crops the players 01:05:04.07901:05:04.089 involved in this gene revolution are 01:05:06.24001:05:06.250 almost identical to the players in the 01:05:08.33901:05:08.349 Green Revolution with IG Farben 01:05:10.41001:05:10.420 offshoots Bayer CropScience and BASF 01:05:13.08001:05:13.090 plant science mingling with traditional 01:05:15.09001:05:15.100 oil uh gark associate companies like Dow 01:05:16.86001:05:16.870 AgroSciences 01:05:19.32001:05:19.330 of course Monsanto all funded by the 01:05:22.59001:05:22.600 Rockefeller Foundation and fellow 01:05:24.27001:05:24.280 philanthropists at the Ford Foundation 01:05:25.89001:05:25.900 the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 01:05:27.69001:05:27.700 and like-minded organizations the 01:05:31.14001:05:31.150 convergence of corporate philanthropic 01:05:33.11001:05:33.120 governmental and intergovernmental 01:05:34.86001:05:34.870 interests in promoting GM crops around 01:05:37.17001:05:37.180 the world can be seen in the bewildering 01:05:39.06001:05:39.070 array of research institutes industry 01:05:41.40001:05:41.410 associations and consultative groups 01:05:43.62001:05:43.630 devoted to the case the Rockefeller 01:05:46.29001:05:46.300 funded International Rice Research 01:05:47.79001:05:47.800 Institute the Rockefeller monsanto US 01:05:50.91001:05:50.920 aid brainchild International Service for 01:05:53.34001:05:53.350 the acquisition of Agri biotech 01:05:54.99001:05:55.000 applications the rockefeller Ford World 01:05:57.78001:05:57.790 Bank created consultative group of 01:05:59.70001:05:59.710 international agricultural research and 01:06:01.74001:06:01.750 dozens of other bland benign sounding 01:06:04.02001:06:04.030 organizations research and promote GM 01:06:06.45001:06:06.460 crops and target markets around the 01:06:08.04001:06:08.050 globe with the profits ending up in the 01:06:09.96001:06:09.970 oiligarchs coffers a representative 01:06:12.78001:06:12.790 example of this story is the 01:06:14.13001:06:14.140 agribusiness neo colonization of 01:06:16.05001:06:16.060 Argentina where Monsanto ran an 01:06:18.18001:06:18.190 elaborate bait and switch to get the 01:06:19.77001:06:19.780 country hooked on its genetically 01:06:21.09001:06:21.100 modified Roundup Ready soybeans before 01:06:23.43001:06:23.440 demanding royalties on the crops that 01:06:24.96001:06:24.970 were by then already growing DuPont then 01:06:27.90001:06:27.910 took over magnanimously beginning a 01:06:30.03001:06:30.040 protein for life program to voice their 01:06:32.01001:06:32.020 own GM soybeans on the country's poor 01:06:34.37001:06:34.380 the same scene has played itself out in 01:06:36.81001:06:36.820 country after country where cartel 01:06:38.70001:06:38.710 developed GM crops are foisted on 01:06:40.62001:06:40.630 emerging economies through food aid 01:06:42.21001:06:42.220 usually during times of famine when 01:06:44.40001:06:44.410 those countries are especially 01:06:45.33001:06:45.340 vulnerable only a handful of countries 01:06:47.82001:06:47.830 like Zambia or Angola have outright 01:06:49.86001:06:49.870 rejected this GMO takeover of their food 01:06:51.93001:06:51.940 supply generously subsidized by the US 01:06:54.54001:06:54.550 government to the benefit of the 01:06:56.13001:06:56.140 agribusiness cartel 01:07:12.06901:07:12.079 from cutthroat pioneers of the early oil 01:07:14.96001:07:14.970 industry to Machiavellian social 01:07:17.05901:07:17.069 engineers and geopolitical schemers the 01:07:19.64001:07:19.650 oiligarchs have come a long way since 01:07:21.01901:07:21.029 the days of devil bill's snake oil 01:07:22.88001:07:22.890 cure-alls 01:07:23.56901:07:23.579 but his use of every form of deception 01:07:26.42001:07:26.430 and trickery to swindle the public 01:07:27.98001:07:27.990 informed how John D and the rest of the 01:07:29.99001:07:30.000 oiligarchs built up their business 01:07:31.49001:07:31.500 interests as the 20th century drew to a 01:07:34.91001:07:34.920 close it was obvious that for the 01:07:36.89001:07:36.900 powerful cartel that built the oil 01:07:38.56901:07:38.579 industry the Rockefellers the 01:07:40.75901:07:40.769 Rothschilds the British and Dutch royal 01:07:42.65001:07:42.660 families it was no longer about oil if 01:07:45.58901:07:45.599 it ever really was the takeover of 01:07:48.47001:07:48.480 education of Medicine of the monetary 01:07:51.52901:07:51.539 system of the food supply itself showed 01:07:54.82901:07:54.839 that the aim was much greater than a 01:07:56.56901:07:56.579 mere oil monopoly it was the quest to 01:07:59.74901:07:59.759 monopolize all aspects of life to erect 01:08:03.01901:08:03.029 the perfect system of control over every 01:08:05.24001:08:05.250 aspect of society every sector from 01:08:07.84901:08:07.859 which any threat of competition to their 01:08:09.76901:08:09.779 power could emerge they had been 01:08:12.65001:08:12.660 remarkably almost unbelievably 01:08:15.25901:08:15.269 successful from oil well to gas pump 01:08:18.37901:08:18.389 farm to fork hospital to pharmaceutical 01:08:21.82901:08:21.839 drill rig to dollar bill there was 01:08:24.91901:08:24.929 almost no aspect of society that was not 01:08:27.28901:08:27.299 under their control but the oiligarchs 01:08:30.53001:08:30.540 are not done yet their next project 01:08:33.07901:08:33.089 launched in the late 20th century is 01:08:35.53901:08:35.549 almost too ambitious to be comprehended 01:08:38.24001:08:38.250 it is not about oil it is not about 01:08:42.01901:08:42.029 money it is about the monopolization of 01:08:45.05001:08:45.060 life itself they have spent decades 01:08:48.16901:08:48.179 preparing the path for this takeover and 01:08:50.53901:08:50.549 marshaled their mind-boggling resources 01:08:53.03001:08:53.040 in service of the task and the vast 01:08:55.84901:08:55.859 majority of the world's population still 01:08:57.84901:08:57.859 playing the shell game that the 01:08:59.80901:08:59.819 oiligarchs perfected and abandoned long 01:09:01.76001:09:01.770 ago are about to fall right into their 01:09:04.82001:09:04.830 hands yet again 01:09:08.93001:09:08.940 there's gentlemen the battle against 01:09:11.00001:09:11.010 climate change is surely the most 01:09:12.86001:09:12.870 defining and pivotal challenge of our 01:09:15.32001:09:15.330 times even in a world full of daunting 01:09:18.86001:09:18.870 perils and crises it is hard to imagine 01:09:21.62001:09:21.630 anything that poses a greater challenge 01:09:24.32001:09:24.330 and opportunity for Humanity the 01:09:27.16001:09:27.170 negative impact of population growth on 01:09:30.53001:09:30.540 all of our planetary ecosystems is 01:09:34.55001:09:34.560 becoming appallingly evident the science 01:09:38.39001:09:38.400 is unequivocally true and that that 01:09:43.10001:09:43.110 there is a price to carbon in their 01:09:45.26001:09:45.270 future what do you see is the biggest 01:09:47.45001:09:47.460 challenges in in conservation the the 01:09:50.66001:09:50.670 growing human population if where we are 01:09:55.58001:09:55.590 there's nothing else we have to start 01:09:57.89001:09:57.900 spending money you know fast on the 01:10:01.04001:10:01.050 solutions that we have in hand to try 01:10:02.93001:10:02.940 and help these countries which are 01:10:04.07001:10:04.080 already seeing the effects of climate 01:10:05.75001:10:05.760 change today and seeing the effects of 01:10:07.76001:10:07.770 our consumption basically David 01:10:10.49001:10:10.500 Rothschild thank you so much for joining 01:10:11.81001:10:11.820 us here on Bloomberg 01:10:15.65001:10:15.660 in Pennsylvania there is plenty finally 01:10:20.03001:10:20.040 saved from a and petrale and we must all 01:10:23.78001:10:23.790 have some highly favored petroleum oil 01:10:38.47001:10:38.480 petroleum the Corbett report is brought 01:10:53.93001:10:53.940 to you by the Corbett report subscriber 01:10:56.63001:10:56.640 a weekly newsletter 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