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How does an oil refinery work How is crude oil transformed into everyday usable products
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:10.880 from the outside a refinery might look 00:00:13.99900:00:14.009 like an endless maze of pipes chimney 00:00:16.01000:00:16.020 stack steel columns and vessels the fact 00:00:20.63000:00:20.640 is that oil refineries are highly 00:00:22.84900:00:22.859 sophisticated industrial facilities 00:00:25.66000:00:25.670 transforming crude oil into valuable 00:00:28.13000:00:28.140 products used in a myriad of 00:00:30.20000:00:30.210 applications the process starts when 00:00:35.42000:00:35.430 crude oil extracted from the ground and 00:00:37.70000:00:37.710 transported by ship or pipeline arrives 00:00:40.13000:00:40.140 at the refinery 00:00:53.23000:00:53.240 crude oil is first heated at various 00:00:55.72000:00:55.730 temperatures in an atmospheric 00:00:57.28000:00:57.290 distillation unit to separate it into 00:00:59.53000:00:59.540 different fractions in simpler 00:01:02.14000:01:02.150 refineries the resulting components are 00:01:04.27000:01:04.280 further processed to remove impurities 00:01:06.25000:01:06.260 such as sulfur and modify their physical 00:01:08.92000:01:08.930 or chemical properties to make them 00:01:10.84000:01:10.850 suitable for incorporation into final 00:01:13.03000:01:13.040 products then the blending comes in 00:01:15.79000:01:15.800 mixing in different components and 00:01:17.65000:01:17.660 additives to prepare the finished 00:01:19.00000:01:19.010 products that are familiar to us all 00:01:20.62000:01:20.630 such as LPG gasoline diesel and jet fuel 00:01:24.27000:01:24.280 the finished products are stored in 00:01:26.46900:01:26.479 large tank farms ready to be transported 00:01:28.54000:01:28.550 to the end-users via a combination of 00:01:30.73000:01:30.740 pipelines Rail Road and waterways 00:01:33.35900:01:33.369 however modern refineries can do much 00:01:35.83000:01:35.840 more most european refineries use 00:01:38.44000:01:38.450 complex processes in order to extract 00:01:40.57000:01:40.580 more high-value products from a barrel 00:01:42.58000:01:42.590 of crude oil this generally involves 00:01:44.98000:01:44.990 vacuum distillation of the atmospheric 00:01:46.75000:01:46.760 residue followed by cracking of the 00:01:48.82000:01:48.830 distillate and possibly further 00:01:50.44000:01:50.450 upgrading of the vacuum residue into 00:01:52.66000:01:52.670 more light products leaving a smaller 00:01:54.67000:01:54.680 proportion of heavy residue this residue 00:01:57.46000:01:57.470 can itself be upgraded ultimately 00:01:59.68000:01:59.690 producing solid coke as a result complex 00:02:03.43000:02:03.440 refineries although more energy 00:02:05.26000:02:05.270 intensive are capable of producing a 00:02:07.63000:02:07.640 larger proportion of gasoline and gas 00:02:09.52000:02:09.530 oil making use of a larger part of the 00:02:11.92000:02:11.930 bottom of the barrel which would 00:02:13.42000:02:13.430 otherwise end up as heavy 00:02:15.08900:02:15.099 for which there is today limited market 00:02:17.52000:02:17.530 demand modern refineries generate the 00:02:21.00000:02:21.010 light and clean product that advanced 00:02:23.03900:02:23.049 societies demand making our life more 00:02:26.55000:02:26.560 comfortable 00:02:28.54000:02:28.550 and bringing endless benefits 00:02:56.96000:02:56.970 works you may be surprised 00:03:16.63000:03:16.640 you 00:03:19.34000:03:19.350
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