00:00:00.000 [Music] 00:00:04.63000:00:04.640 hi welcome to 3d - knowledge comm today 00:00:08.62900:00:08.639 we're going to be looking at heat 00:00:09.79900:00:09.809 exchangers specifically the plate type 00:00:12.23000:00:12.240 heat exchanger now heat exchangers have 00:00:14.95900:00:14.969 a lot of applications you can see here 00:00:16.73000:00:16.740 this one's a car radiator your cooling 00:00:18.92000:00:18.930 down jacket water using air and this 00:00:21.29000:00:21.300 prevents your engine from overheating 00:00:23.08000:00:23.090 another good example here is a home 00:00:25.16000:00:25.170 radiator and you'll be using a liquid 00:00:27.34900:00:27.359 usually water to heat up air and keep 00:00:29.57000:00:29.580 your home warm so these are both 00:00:32.42000:00:32.430 different types of heat exchanger 00:00:34.45000:00:34.460 but industrial world there's only two 00:00:36.88900:00:36.899 types of heat exchanger a shell and tube 00:00:38.95900:00:38.969 type and a plate type this is an image 00:00:43.25000:00:43.260 of a plate type heat exchanger and we're 00:00:45.44000:00:45.450 going to go now and have a look at the 00:00:46.58000:00:46.590 model on the website and go through all 00:00:48.41000:00:48.420 the parts and explain some of the 00:00:49.67000:00:49.680 features 00:00:53.94000:00:53.950 the design of the plate type heat 00:00:56.20000:00:56.210 exchanger is actually rather simple the 00:00:58.57000:00:58.580 heat exchanger consists of a series of 00:01:00.49000:01:00.500 plates and these plates are stacked one 00:01:03.07000:01:03.080 after the other between the plates 00:01:05.29000:01:05.300 you'll have warm and cold fluids or at 00:01:07.78000:01:07.790 least warmer and cooler fluids now 00:01:10.18000:01:10.190 because the plates are relatively thin 00:01:11.98000:01:11.990 and they have a large cross-sectional 00:01:13.60000:01:13.610 area they have a very high heat transfer 00:01:15.64000:01:15.650 rate and this heat will be transferred 00:01:18.01000:01:18.020 through the plates 00:01:24.30000:01:24.310 so I've gone to the website and I've 00:01:26.39900:01:26.409 loaded the model and what we're going to 00:01:28.05000:01:28.060 do now is talk through some of the main 00:01:29.43000:01:29.440 components we zoom in here we can see 00:01:32.52000:01:32.530 here this is an end plate the end plate 00:01:34.80000:01:34.810 normally has four holes one two three 00:01:38.99900:01:39.009 four and these will be Inlet and 00:01:41.49000:01:41.500 discharge holes and the two others will 00:01:43.85900:01:43.869 be for a cold fluid and Inlet and a 00:01:45.71900:01:45.729 discharge you go further here we can see 00:01:48.69000:01:48.700 a clamping bar 00:01:52.55000:01:52.560 on the top view 00:01:54.30000:01:54.310 Guide bar 00:01:56.35000:01:56.360 further in we can see a black gasket is 00:01:58.66000:01:58.670 such a man made of nitrile rubber 00:02:02.09000:02:02.100 behind it we have a corrugated metal 00:02:04.61000:02:04.620 plate and this is where the plate type 00:02:06.74000:02:06.750 heat exchanger gets its name 00:02:09.43000:02:09.440 further back we have more plates and 00:02:11.93000:02:11.940 here this is a plate stack which is what 00:02:14.33000:02:14.340 it looks like when all the plates are 00:02:15.59000:02:15.600 pressed together 00:02:16.43000:02:16.440 I have another end cover here which is 00:02:18.92000:02:18.930 removable and as we can ascend all that 00:02:23.14000:02:23.150 essentially everything will get pressed 00:02:25.67000:02:25.680 together these clamping bars will screw 00:02:28.82000:02:28.830 threads will go into the holes here on 00:02:31.43000:02:31.440 the right-hand side and it'll all be 00:02:33.50000:02:33.510 clamped together to a certain talk using 00:02:36.08000:02:36.090 the torque wrench 00:02:37.25000:02:37.260 so now let's have a look at how exactly 00:02:39.77000:02:39.780 it works 00:02:45.51000:02:45.520 here we can see the appearance of a 00:02:47.98000:02:47.990 plate type heat exchanger when all the 00:02:49.69000:02:49.700 plates are separated out now one of the 00:02:52.51000:02:52.520 most interesting aspects of the plate 00:02:54.43000:02:54.440 type heat exchanger is actually the 00:02:56.44000:02:56.450 nitrile rubber gaskets that's these 00:02:59.32000:02:59.330 black gaskets here that run around the 00:03:02.80000:03:02.810 edges of the plate and the reason or 00:03:05.26000:03:05.270 whether such a weird shape is because 00:03:07.45000:03:07.460 they're directing flow in different 00:03:09.22000:03:09.230 directions for each plate as we can see 00:03:13.24000:03:13.250 here the gaskets they look similar they 00:03:15.10000:03:15.110 each plate one after the other the 00:03:17.26000:03:17.270 gaskets will be rotated 180 degrees and 00:03:19.96000:03:19.970 this rotation changes the way the fluid 00:03:22.00000:03:22.010 moves through the heat exchanger let's 00:03:26.05000:03:26.060 imagine for a moment that the plate has 00:03:27.55000:03:27.560 a fluid flowing through it and this 00:03:29.17000:03:29.180 fluid is hot so it would be coming 00:03:31.54000:03:31.550 through here and it would enter the 00:03:33.13000:03:33.140 plate space now each of these plates are 00:03:35.44000:03:35.450 pushed up tight against each other so 00:03:37.60000:03:37.610 the fluid only ever be able to flow up 00:03:39.52000:03:39.530 to the boundaries of the gasket and the 00:03:42.19000:03:42.200 boundaries you can see here 00:03:45.42000:03:45.430 and then once it's occupied the whole 00:03:47.88000:03:47.890 space within the gasket area you will 00:03:52.64900:03:52.659 exit through this hole here so we have 00:03:56.67000:03:56.680 an inlet on the top for the hot fluid 00:03:58.22900:03:58.239 and a discharge on the bottom now let's 00:04:01.28900:04:01.299 imagine that we have a different flow 00:04:02.72900:04:02.739 coming in and this time it's cold now 00:04:05.36900:04:05.379 the cold fluid is going to come in here 00:04:07.22900:04:07.239 and the same thing is going to occur 00:04:09.59900:04:09.609 again it's going to flow out to the 00:04:11.09900:04:11.109 edges of the gasket it's going to occupy 00:04:13.22900:04:13.239 the whole area possible and then when 00:04:16.74000:04:16.750 finished it's going to exit through this 00:04:20.81900:04:20.829 hole here easily the discharge for the 00:04:23.64000:04:23.650 cold fluid now you can notice that the 00:04:25.40900:04:25.419 fluid in the bottom here the cold fluid 00:04:27.90000:04:27.910 comes in the bottom and flows out the 00:04:29.33900:04:29.349 top on the other plate the hot fluid 00:04:32.46000:04:32.470 comes in at top and flows out of the 00:04:34.32000:04:34.330 bottom this is known as contra flow or 00:04:36.51000:04:36.520 counter flow it's the most efficient 00:04:38.58000:04:38.590 means of heat transfer and that's why 00:04:40.62000:04:40.630 most heat exchanges will have counter 00:04:42.87000:04:42.880 flows or contra flows it raises the 00:04:45.48000:04:45.490 efficiency of the heat exchanger now the 00:04:47.64000:04:47.650 gaskets that are formed in the seal 00:04:49.20000:04:49.210 these are not just ordinary gaskets they 00:04:51.81000:04:51.820 manufacture from nitrile rubber they 00:04:54.08900:04:54.099 have a very good coefficient of 00:04:55.62000:04:55.630 elasticity that means they can be heated 00:04:57.83900:04:57.849 up and cooled down without breaking this 00:05:00.06000:05:00.070 is pretty useful if they're installed in 00:05:01.68000:05:01.690 the heat exchanger they can also 00:05:03.21000:05:03.220 withstand temperatures up to 100 degrees 00:05:05.10000:05:05.110 this makes them suitable for a lot of 00:05:07.32000:05:07.330 industrial applications 00:05:10.26000:05:10.270 you may have noticed that the play isn't 00:05:12.57900:05:12.589 flat it's actually corrugated the reason 00:05:15.21900:05:15.229 for this is threefold the first reason 00:05:17.64900:05:17.659 is that a corrugated plate gives it a 00:05:19.23900:05:19.249 larger contact surface area and this 00:05:21.60900:05:21.619 contact surface area increases the heat 00:05:23.61900:05:23.629 transfer rate and makes the heat 00:05:24.99900:05:25.009 exchange more efficient the second 00:05:26.88900:05:26.899 reason is a corrugate your plate is 00:05:29.16900:05:29.179 actually stiffer than a flat plate you 00:05:31.41900:05:31.429 can manufacture a thinner plate and this 00:05:33.72900:05:33.739 thinner plate as a higher heat transfer 00:05:35.10900:05:35.119 rate than a thicker plate the third 00:05:37.54000:05:37.550 reason is that the corrugated plate 00:05:39.60900:05:39.619 creates turbulent flow the turbulent 00:05:43.89900:05:43.909 flow prevents deposits forming on the 00:05:45.66900:05:45.679 plate but it also has another function 00:05:47.99900:05:48.009 it breaks down the boundary layer of 00:05:50.79900:05:50.809 liquids that may form on a surface on 00:05:53.40900:05:53.419 the left-hand side you can see linear 00:05:55.11900:05:55.129 flow sometimes you'll get a boundary 00:05:57.39900:05:57.409 layer of liquid on the heat exchanger 00:05:58.94900:05:58.959 surface this inhibits heat transfer and 00:06:02.73900:06:02.749 thus reduces the efficiency of the heat 00:06:04.86900:06:04.879 exchanger on the right you can see we 00:06:07.60000:06:07.610 have a turbulent flow this removes 00:06:09.90900:06:09.919 deposits from the heat exchanger surface 00:06:11.82900:06:11.839 and increases efficiency as no boundary 00:06:14.70900:06:14.719 layer can form on the heat exchanger 00:06:16.02900:06:16.039 surface the plates themselves can be 00:06:19.17900:06:19.189 manufactured from a number of different 00:06:20.79900:06:20.809 materials ranging from titanium to 00:06:23.58900:06:23.599 different sorts of alloy as well as 00:06:25.23900:06:25.249 plastics titanium would be chosen 00:06:28.35900:06:28.369 whenever the environment is particularly 00:06:30.30900:06:30.319 corrosive titanium has excellent 00:06:32.58900:06:32.599 corrosion resistance characteristics but 00:06:35.13900:06:35.149 unfortunate it's incredibly expensive 00:06:37.29000:06:37.300 another disadvantage when using titanium 00:06:39.85000:06:39.860 is there any metal connected to it will 00:06:42.18900:06:42.199 normally act as an anode when two 00:06:44.37900:06:44.389 dissimilar metals are connected together 00:06:45.99900:06:46.009 one will be an anode and one will be a 00:06:47.70900:06:47.719 cathode the anode will slowly wear away 00:06:50.13900:06:50.149 due to galvanic action any metals 00:06:52.48000:06:52.490 connected to titanium plates will need 00:06:54.75900:06:54.769 to be protected and this can be achieved 00:06:56.76900:06:56.779 by insulating the plate from the 00:06:58.20900:06:58.219 dissimilar metal or by installing the 00:07:00.66900:07:00.679 cathodic protection system other 00:07:02.54900:07:02.559 chemical processes may not be able to 00:07:05.23000:07:05.240 rely on metal alloys or titanium and in 00:07:08.61900:07:08.629 these special instances the plate will 00:07:10.50900:07:10.519 be constructed of plastic or a polymer 00:07:12.36900:07:12.379 base material 00:07:18.32000:07:18.330 the advantages with plate type heat 00:07:20.36000:07:20.370 exchangers are that they are smaller and 00:07:22.21900:07:22.229 lighter than to be exchanges they're 00:07:24.49900:07:24.509 also more efficient when compared to 2p 00:07:26.74900:07:26.759 exchanges of the same size they're easy 00:07:29.54000:07:29.550 to dismantle and clean and they don't 00:07:31.61000:07:31.620 need excess space dismantle tube type 00:07:34.90900:07:34.919 heat exchangers do need a considerable 00:07:36.77000:07:36.780 amount of spades in order that you can 00:07:38.62900:07:38.639 clean them properly this is mainly 00:07:40.15900:07:40.169 because you need to pull the tubes out 00:07:41.71900:07:41.729 plate type heat exchangers don't have 00:07:43.90900:07:43.919 this problem in addition to that the 00:07:46.87900:07:46.889 turbulent flow in the plate type heat 00:07:48.83000:07:48.840 exchanger helps keep the plate clean and 00:07:51.05000:07:51.060 it also helps break down the boundary 00:07:53.45000:07:53.460 layer of fluids that build up on the 00:07:55.18900:07:55.199 plate surface in addition to that the 00:07:57.86000:07:57.870 plates are relatively easy to replace 00:07:59.57000:07:59.580 and you can actually increase or 00:08:01.58000:08:01.590 decrease the heat transfer capacity of 00:08:03.68000:08:03.690 the unit by adding or removing plates 00:08:06.64000:08:06.650 the down size to plate up the exchanges 00:08:09.77000:08:09.780 is simply that they're expensive or they 00:08:11.95900:08:11.969 can be if using materials such as 00:08:14.18000:08:14.190 titanium even nitrile rubber gaskets 00:08:16.99900:08:17.009 themselves are quite expensive it's 00:08:19.15900:08:19.169 difficult to find leaks because it's not 00:08:20.68900:08:20.699 possible to pressurize each plate 00:08:22.39900:08:22.409 individually normally you'll need to use 00:08:24.74000:08:24.750 a non-destructive testing technique in 00:08:26.77900:08:26.789 order to find a leak the nitrile rubber 00:08:29.54000:08:29.550 gaskets themselves are also quite 00:08:32.38900:08:32.399 difficult to replace they're adhered to 00:08:34.57900:08:34.589 the plate and are quite difficult to 00:08:36.38000:08:36.390 remove on land you could send the plate 00:08:38.89900:08:38.909 away to a factory and they would use 00:08:40.57900:08:40.589 liquid nitrogen to freeze the plate and 00:08:42.38000:08:42.390 the gasket and then simply knock the 00:08:44.24000:08:44.250 gasket off unfortunately if you're in 00:08:46.76000:08:46.770 the middle of a desert or on a ship in 00:08:48.53000:08:48.540 the Atlantic Ocean this is not really a 00:08:50.48000:08:50.490 feasible option the only feasible option 00:08:52.69900:08:52.709 is to carry spare place and replace the 00:08:54.71000:08:54.720 plates in their entirety rather than 00:08:56.84000:08:56.850 trying to exchange the gasket another 00:08:59.03000:08:59.040 disadvantage is that if you're over 00:09:00.74000:09:00.750 tighten the clamping bolts when 00:09:02.30000:09:02.310 assembling will actually crush the 00:09:04.31000:09:04.320 corrugated plates this can seriously 00:09:06.41000:09:06.420 damage the plate and reduce the heat 00:09:08.32900:09:08.339 transfer ray this reduction in heat 00:09:10.49000:09:10.500 transfer rate also causes a reduction in 00:09:13.01000:09:13.020 efficiency a solution to this is to use 00:09:15.25900:09:15.269 a torque wrench when tightening the 00:09:16.63900:09:16.649 clamping bolt in order that you don't 00:09:18.31900:09:18.329 crush the plates if you get a chance to 00:09:21.07900:09:21.089 go to the website load up the plate heat 00:09:23.26900:09:23.279 exchanger model and then you can see it 00:09:25.85000:09:25.860 being assembled and exploded you can 00:09:27.82900:09:27.839 click on the annotations to find out a 00:09:30.01900:09:30.029 bit more about what each component 00:09:32.11000:09:32.120 does and then if you still need more 00:09:34.36000:09:34.370 information go to the introduction page 00:09:36.73000:09:36.740 and there there's some text and it will 00:09:38.86000:09:38.870 tell you a bit more about the play type 00:09:40.96000:09:40.970 heat exchanger so with the text the 00:09:43.42000:09:43.430 model and the video you should really 00:09:45.13000:09:45.140 has a firm grasp of what the plate type 00:09:47.50000:09:47.510 heat exchanger does and how it does it 00:09:49.26900:09:49.279 if you do like the video please do 00:09:51.34000:09:51.350 subscribe it really helps us thank you 00:09:53.71000:09:53.720 very much for your time 00:09:54.65000:09:54.660
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