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How to Read P&ID Drawing - A Complete Tutorial
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:07.339 --> 00:00:09.320 Welcome to Hardhatengineer.com. 00:00:09.320 --> 00:00:11.510 I am Varun Patel. 00:00:11.510 --> 00:00:16.420 In this video, you will learn about how to read P&ID. 00:00:16.420 --> 00:00:21.230 Piping and instrumentation diagram is also known as Process engineering flow scheme which 00:00:21.230 --> 00:00:23.369 is PEFS. 00:00:23.369 --> 00:00:30.000 You will learn how to read P&ID and PEFS with the help of the actual plant drawing. 00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:36.890 P&ID is more complex than of PFD and includes lots of details, because of this you have 00:00:36.890 --> 00:00:42.650 to watch the video till the end to understand all the aspects of this drawing. 00:00:42.650 --> 00:00:46.900 Please subscribe to my channel because it helps me to increase my reach on YouTube and 00:00:46.900 --> 00:00:50.200 you will also get regular updates on a new video. 00:00:50.200 --> 00:00:54.290 You can subscribe right now by just clicking the subscribe button on the right-hand side 00:00:54.290 --> 00:00:57.240 of the screen. 00:00:57.240 --> 00:00:58.550 What is P&ID? 00:00:58.550 --> 00:01:04.329 P&ID is a graphical representation of the actual process plant using various symbols 00:01:04.329 --> 00:01:06.300 that represent actual equipment. 00:01:06.300 --> 00:01:10.470 As said earlier it is complex than PFD. 00:01:10.470 --> 00:01:15.640 A single PFD can have multiple P&ID. 00:01:15.640 --> 00:01:23.639 This means if some system is shown on single PFD, to show the same system on P&ID, it may 00:01:23.639 --> 00:01:27.570 require multiple P&ID sheets. 00:01:27.570 --> 00:01:30.359 It is one of the main deliverables of FEED. 00:01:30.359 --> 00:01:33.569 That is front-end engineering and design. 00:01:33.569 --> 00:01:36.939 It is used during entire life-cycle of the plant. 00:01:36.939 --> 00:01:42.200 That means during pre-EPC, EPC and operation. 00:01:42.200 --> 00:01:48.630 Use of P&ID/PEFS During Pre- EPC Phase P&ID is used to derive Project capital cost 00:01:48.630 --> 00:01:49.630 estimate. 00:01:49.630 --> 00:01:53.060 It is also used to develop EPC contract specification. 00:01:53.060 --> 00:02:01.659 Plot plant is developed considering various inputs from P&ID and physical site location. 00:02:01.659 --> 00:02:09.209 Use of P&ID/PEFS during EPC phase During EPC phase, P&ID is used to develop 00:02:09.209 --> 00:02:12.980 the individual unit layout. 00:02:12.980 --> 00:02:24.120 It used to identify hazardous areas classification, preparing data sheets of equipment, valves, 00:02:24.120 --> 00:02:25.220 and instrument. 00:02:25.220 --> 00:02:32.040 P&ID are used to develop the piping layout and preparing bulk material take-off for piping, 00:02:32.040 --> 00:02:34.989 electrical, instrumentation and civil. 00:02:34.989 --> 00:02:42.379 It is key documents for various review such as HAZOP, SIL and operability review. 00:02:42.379 --> 00:02:50.060 During Operation, you have to maintain P&ID in such a condition that it will show actual 00:02:50.060 --> 00:02:53.920 plant conditions at any time. 00:02:53.920 --> 00:02:59.790 It should be updated when any physical change is made so that the unit will remain compliant 00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:05.970 with codes, standards, and specification, and can be operated safely under the defined 00:03:05.970 --> 00:03:07.590 process conditions. 00:03:07.590 --> 00:03:18.530 P&IDs are used to train operators and engineers before they start work in the plant. 00:03:18.530 --> 00:03:21.300 What information does P&ID provide? 00:03:21.300 --> 00:03:32.719 • All the equipment, including installed spares, and associated piping including drain 00:03:32.719 --> 00:03:37.830 and vent line. 00:03:37.830 --> 00:03:44.939 • Insulation or jacketing requirements. 00:03:44.939 --> 00:03:55.939 • Instrumentation • Heat tracing and insulation detail 00:03:55.939 --> 00:04:12.819 • Information about utilities • Piping components including their size, 00:04:12.819 --> 00:04:26.060 class and tag Number • 00:04:26.060 --> 00:04:29.470 Information required for design, construction, and operation such as 00:04:29.470 --> 00:04:33.180 Slope of the line Minimum and maximum distance from the 00:04:33.180 --> 00:04:46.190 equipment or instruments Minimum straight lengths after instruments 00:04:46.190 --> 00:04:49.400 What is not included in a P&ID? 00:04:49.400 --> 00:04:52.759 Process conditions and physical data Operating conditions 00:04:52.759 --> 00:04:56.599 Streamflow details Equipment locations 00:04:56.599 --> 00:05:02.280 Pipe routing, length, and fittings Support and structural details are also 00:05:02.280 --> 00:05:09.830 not included in p&id Ok, now you know what P&ID is and types of 00:05:09.830 --> 00:05:12.069 information you’re going to get from the drawing. 00:05:12.069 --> 00:05:16.229 Let’s confirm this with the help of actual P&ID. 00:05:16.229 --> 00:05:23.940 Before you move further, please like and share this video because it helps in YouTube ranking. 00:05:23.940 --> 00:05:31.270 This is a PFD of the ATF system shows the entire system of ATF Supply to MEROX Unit. 00:05:31.270 --> 00:05:36.550 The function of MEROX unit is to remove sour gases from the AFT. 00:05:36.550 --> 00:05:40.270 This process is also known as a sweeting process. 00:05:40.270 --> 00:05:46.389 This is a simplest system with just one cone roof tank and two centrifugal pumps. 00:05:46.389 --> 00:05:50.550 Here ATF is coming from CDU. 00:05:50.550 --> 00:05:56.400 You can see here that ATF is coming from ATF rundown line to the tank and with the help 00:05:56.400 --> 00:06:00.940 of pump it is supplied to the MEROX Unit. 00:06:00.940 --> 00:06:03.850 Hope the function of the system is clear to you. 00:06:03.850 --> 00:06:06.080 Now let’s move to P&ID. 00:06:06.080 --> 00:06:12.910 There are two P&IDs for OSBL part of this system and may more for ISBL parts. 00:06:12.910 --> 00:06:16.310 I will explain you the OSBL part of the system. 00:06:16.310 --> 00:06:23.639 I have full course on how to read P&ID with lots of other types P&ID such as pumps, vessel, 00:06:23.639 --> 00:06:26.490 exchanger, column any many more. 00:06:26.490 --> 00:06:29.240 If you want to be as expert, you can check my course. 00:06:29.240 --> 00:06:31.000 Link is given in the description. 00:06:31.000 --> 00:06:35.889 Reading P&ID is nothing but the reading of symbols. 00:06:35.889 --> 00:06:40.940 So, if you have not seen the earlier videos on P&ID symbol and how to read PFD, it will 00:06:40.940 --> 00:06:45.660 be difficult for you to understand this drawing. 00:06:45.660 --> 00:06:48.030 Links of these videos are given in the description. 00:06:48.030 --> 00:06:52.729 So, if have not seen these videos, please watch this video for better understanding 00:06:52.729 --> 00:06:53.889 of P&ID. 00:06:53.889 --> 00:06:58.389 If possible, get a print of this P&ID in A3 and follow the video. 00:06:58.389 --> 00:07:01.060 You can download this P&ID by visiting my website. 00:07:01.060 --> 00:07:04.300 The link is given in the description. 00:07:04.300 --> 00:07:09.449 It is always a good practice to start reading P&ID from the main incoming lines and follow 00:07:09.449 --> 00:07:12.070 the fluid path. 00:07:12.070 --> 00:07:13.759 Here ATF is coming from CDU; you can see that. 00:07:13.759 --> 00:07:16.530 You can see the line number. 00:07:16.530 --> 00:07:23.449 The diameter of incoming line is 6-inch NPS which is equivalent to 150 mm DN. 00:07:23.449 --> 00:07:27.530 The different company follows different terminology for the line number. 00:07:27.530 --> 00:07:33.319 But it contains same information such as line size, unit number, commodity code that identify 00:07:33.319 --> 00:07:40.000 fluid inside the line, circuit number, line sequence number, piping class that gives all 00:07:40.000 --> 00:07:46.430 detail about piping components and their materials, insulation, and coating requirement. 00:07:46.430 --> 00:07:49.410 Here N means there is no insulation. 00:07:49.410 --> 00:07:56.210 If there is H than hot insulation, C is for cold insulation, A for acoustic reduction, 00:07:56.210 --> 00:08:00.740 P for personal protection, F for fireproofing. 00:08:00.740 --> 00:08:06.030 It also gives information about whether the line is steam trace or electric trace. 00:08:06.030 --> 00:08:12.659 Normally ET is used for electric tracing and ST is used for steam tracing. 00:08:12.659 --> 00:08:19.280 Let’s move ahead, here you can see that ATF line is divided into two strim. 00:08:19.280 --> 00:08:21.419 We follow this strim. 00:08:21.419 --> 00:08:24.699 6” line is getting reduced to 4”. 00:08:24.699 --> 00:08:31.169 Don’t get confused with reducer symbol; it is just indication of line size change. 00:08:31.169 --> 00:08:38.300 In piping, it can be a reducing tee as it is 6” to 4” concentric reduction. 00:08:38.300 --> 00:08:42.360 Now, this triangle with line indicates a line break. 00:08:42.360 --> 00:08:45.760 A line break is the demarcation of the line number change. 00:08:45.760 --> 00:08:51.570 So, whenever this symbol is used it indicates that from that point onward line number is 00:08:51.570 --> 00:08:52.730 different. 00:08:52.730 --> 00:08:56.510 This is 4” line number. 00:08:56.510 --> 00:08:59.640 This is the bypass loop for the flow transmitter. 00:08:59.640 --> 00:09:04.210 You can see that venturi-type flow transmitter provided in between the two gate valves. 00:09:04.210 --> 00:09:08.420 Why did I say it is a venture type flow transmitter? 00:09:08.420 --> 00:09:13.330 Letters VM indicates the type of flow transmitter. 00:09:13.330 --> 00:09:17.380 It gives flow indication on the control plane. 00:09:17.380 --> 00:09:22.110 You can see the connection shown between FT and FI. 00:09:22.110 --> 00:09:26.630 From the piping point of view, you can see that there is 1-inch drain valve is given 00:09:26.630 --> 00:09:29.490 in between the two gate valves. 00:09:29.490 --> 00:09:36.080 The letter D indicates that it is drain valve and if it is V than it is vent valve. 00:09:36.080 --> 00:09:42.590 Note that if it is a vent, it will be shown on the topside, not on the bottom. 00:09:42.590 --> 00:09:48.580 The bypass valve is also a gate valve which will remain closed during normal operation. 00:09:48.580 --> 00:09:51.760 You can see the letters NC which indicates the same. 00:09:51.760 --> 00:09:55.080 Reading P&ID is nothing but reading P&ID symbols. 00:09:55.080 --> 00:10:00.690 So, if you are aware of symbols, you can easily understand the P&ID. 00:10:00.690 --> 00:10:05.810 If you want to be an expert in reading P&ID, you can buy my course How to read P&ID like 00:10:05.810 --> 00:10:11.480 an Expert that has may different types of P&ID example that makes you confident to read 00:10:11.480 --> 00:10:14.850 any type of P&ID that you will come across. 00:10:14.850 --> 00:10:18.510 00:10:18.510 --> 00:10:21.980 Here you can see the motor-operated butterfly valve. 00:10:21.980 --> 00:10:24.280 Lots of instruments are shown here. 00:10:24.280 --> 00:10:26.720 But it is not that complicated. 00:10:26.720 --> 00:10:31.880 If you are aware of MOV, you know that it can be operated locally or from the control 00:10:31.880 --> 00:10:33.630 penal. 00:10:33.630 --> 00:10:39.120 You can read AT VALVE label that means this instrument function is available on the valve 00:10:39.120 --> 00:10:40.320 itself. 00:10:40.320 --> 00:10:47.410 HS indicates hand switch, with these switches you can put MOV on manual control or remote 00:10:47.410 --> 00:10:50.730 control that means on panel control. 00:10:50.730 --> 00:10:53.780 You can also start or stop the valve from the field. 00:10:53.780 --> 00:10:58.070 HS-O means open, and HS-C means close. 00:10:58.070 --> 00:11:03.070 The data link indicates this valve is connected to the control panel. 00:11:03.070 --> 00:11:08.450 The last two instrument bubbles show the potions and status of the valve. 00:11:08.450 --> 00:11:13.590 From field, you can set and see the % of the valve opening and you can also check that 00:11:13.590 --> 00:11:16.160 valve is open or close. 00:11:16.160 --> 00:11:20.870 Next is drain valve that is located at the lowest point. 00:11:20.870 --> 00:11:24.050 This is the spectacle blind with normally closed configuration. 00:11:24.050 --> 00:11:29.760 If the dark ring is towards the valve, as in this case, it indicates that solid ring 00:11:29.760 --> 00:11:34.570 covers and isolate the joint during normal operation. 00:11:34.570 --> 00:11:40.060 If the only circle is towards the valve, as shown here, that means the hollow ring is 00:11:40.060 --> 00:11:44.170 there, and the line is live during the normal 00:11:44.170 --> 00:11:47.070 Below the drain valve, the funnel is shown. 00:11:47.070 --> 00:11:51.830 So, when you drain ATF it will go to COC system. 00:11:51.830 --> 00:11:57.330 COC means continues oil contaminated that used to drain hydrocarbon. 00:11:57.330 --> 00:12:03.890 The second type of drain is AOC that means accidentally oil contaminated system. 00:12:03.890 --> 00:12:08.930 After dike wall, there is pneumatically controlled globe valve is there. 00:12:08.930 --> 00:12:12.350 You can see the pneumatic line symbol. 00:12:12.350 --> 00:12:17.700 Like MOV, the pneumatic valve also has various switch to operate the valve locally and from 00:12:17.700 --> 00:12:20.100 the control panel. 00:12:20.100 --> 00:12:26.670 You can also see the three-way valve connected to the pneumatic line to operate the actuator. 00:12:26.670 --> 00:12:31.100 You can refer the abbreviation table to understand the meaning of all these instrument bubbles. 00:12:31.100 --> 00:12:33.790 I have attached this table with a free download. 00:12:33.790 --> 00:12:37.410 00:12:37.410 --> 00:12:39.810 You can see that there is a relief valve in bypass. 00:12:39.810 --> 00:12:44.710 It used to protect the actuator from the surge. 00:12:44.710 --> 00:12:45.880 Next is a tank. 00:12:45.880 --> 00:12:51.250 First, I will explain mechanical parts and then instrumentation. 00:12:51.250 --> 00:12:55.920 As you can see, this is a fixed roof tank. 00:12:55.920 --> 00:13:00.970 On the top of the P&ID, you can see the detail of the each of the equipment shown in the 00:13:00.970 --> 00:13:01.970 00:13:01.970 --> 00:13:04.450 Let see the detail of this tank. 00:13:04.450 --> 00:13:08.570 The tank is 20 meter in height with 9 meter diameter. 00:13:08.570 --> 00:13:11.930 You can also see the operating pressure and temperature of the tank. 00:13:11.930 --> 00:13:17.310 The material of construction is carbon steel, and there is no insulation. 00:13:17.310 --> 00:13:19.800 Now let go back to the tank. 00:13:19.800 --> 00:13:23.670 N1 to N17 are nozzle number. 00:13:23.670 --> 00:13:30.390 P&ID show the tentative location of the nozzle and also shows the size of the nozzle. 00:13:30.390 --> 00:13:33.670 Manholes are shown as M1 to M3. 00:13:33.670 --> 00:13:36.050 The broken line shows internal piping. 00:13:36.050 --> 00:13:41.940 There is a vortex breaker with N7 nozzle connected to pump suction line with a Normally Closed 00:13:41.940 --> 00:13:43.650 gate valve. 00:13:43.650 --> 00:13:45.890 This is because the main suction line is N2. 00:13:45.890 --> 00:13:52.730 N7 will use only when you want to drain the tank completely. 00:13:52.730 --> 00:13:58.250 There are two more nozzle N5 and N6 that used to drain the tank to COC. 00:13:58.250 --> 00:14:04.470 This is open type liquid seals that prevent air ingress into the tank. 00:14:04.470 --> 00:14:08.270 Now let’s check the instrumentation. 00:14:08.270 --> 00:14:14.140 For safe operation of any equipment, you have to monitor pressure, temperature, and level. 00:14:14.140 --> 00:14:18.730 Here you can see the Pressure Transmitter near the tank bottom plate. 00:14:18.730 --> 00:14:22.830 On the top of the roof, you can see the radar type level indicator and transmitter. 00:14:22.830 --> 00:14:29.360 The temperature gauge is shown as TE that is temperature elements. 00:14:29.360 --> 00:14:34.880 This arrangement shows multiple thermocouples installed at a different height of the tank. 00:14:34.880 --> 00:14:39.220 This will ensure that you will get an average temperature of the tank as the liquid has 00:14:39.220 --> 00:14:42.500 a different temperature at a different level. 00:14:42.500 --> 00:14:46.080 LZT is level safety transmitter. 00:14:46.080 --> 00:14:51.650 Here you can see the value for LLL, HLL and HHLL. 00:14:51.650 --> 00:14:59.230 LLL means low liquid level, HLL means high liquid level and HHLL means high high liquid 00:14:59.230 --> 00:15:00.230 level. 00:15:00.230 --> 00:15:08.060 LLL protects your pump and when tank level reached to LLL, it gave the alarm in control 00:15:08.060 --> 00:15:12.660 penal and based on the logic configuration it may trigger to switch off command to the 00:15:12.660 --> 00:15:14.040 pump. 00:15:14.040 --> 00:15:18.940 HLL and HHLL will use to protect the tank from over filling. 00:15:18.940 --> 00:15:25.430 When liquid level reached to the HLL it gives the alarm and when it reached to HHLL it will 00:15:25.430 --> 00:15:29.400 trigger the safety logic and stop the fluid supply to the tank. 00:15:29.400 --> 00:15:32.170 There is a breather valve on the tank. 00:15:32.170 --> 00:15:35.820 It will protect the tank from the overpressure and vacuum. 00:15:35.820 --> 00:15:41.220 Now, these all instrument bubbles are sending the information to the control panel for the 00:15:41.220 --> 00:15:46.700 pressure, level and temperature instrument that I have explained to you. 00:15:46.700 --> 00:15:51.280 You may have noticed that there is tank gauging system which received all input signal from 00:15:51.280 --> 00:15:53.860 these instruments. 00:15:53.860 --> 00:15:57.860 Tank gauging system is used to calculate the quantity of the liquid stored in the tank 00:15:57.860 --> 00:15:59.810 at any given time. 00:15:59.810 --> 00:16:05.890 Based on the diameter, level, and temperature it will calculate the quantity of the liquid 00:16:05.890 --> 00:16:07.240 stored in the tank. 00:16:07.240 --> 00:16:10.920 QI is quantity indicator. 00:16:10.920 --> 00:16:15.600 In the last part of this video, let check what is going out of the tank. 00:16:15.600 --> 00:16:21.830 ATF from the tank is supplied to the pump with the help of 6” inch pipeline. 00:16:21.830 --> 00:16:26.390 You can see that inside dike there is a manual gate valve with bypass arrangement. 00:16:26.390 --> 00:16:31.220 There is safety relief valve on the bypass. 00:16:31.220 --> 00:16:35.970 Outside the dike, you can see the motor-operated butterfly valve. 00:16:35.970 --> 00:16:41.790 This MOV has similar switches as I explained earlier to operate the valve locally and from 00:16:41.790 --> 00:16:44.190 control panel. 00:16:44.190 --> 00:16:49.750 If you know the instrument legends and symbol, you can read and understand any P&ID. 00:16:49.750 --> 00:16:55.880 As said earlier, if you want to be an expert in reading P&ID, you can buy my course How 00:16:55.880 --> 00:17:03.310 to read P&ID like an Expert that has may different types of P&ID example that makes you confident 00:17:03.310 --> 00:17:07.720 to read any type of P&ID that you will come across. 00:17:07.720 --> 00:17:08.910 00:17:08.910 --> 00:17:14.949 You can download this P&ID with the instrument code table by visiting my website hardhatengineer.com. 00:17:14.949 --> 00:17:21.100 Don’t forget to subscribe to my channel to get regular updates on a new video. 00:17:21.100 --> 00:17:23.899 Please like and share my video with your friends. 00:17:23.899 --> 00:17:26.720 If you want to request a video, write in the comment. 00:17:26.720 --> 00:17:28.289 See you soon goodbye take care.
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