00:00:00.009 --> 00:00:03.148 Electronic circuit boards are present in all the electronics parts of our lives. 00:00:03.520 --> 00:00:07.460 But how is it made? And why is this yellow here? 00:00:07.600 --> 00:00:09.540 Today we will find out. 00:00:09.540 --> 00:00:19.580 (Music) 00:00:20.060 --> 00:00:25.160 PCBs may seem very complex, but in reality they are quite simple. 00:00:25.380 --> 00:00:29.820 It is a group of small copper wires that lie between multiple layers of fiberglass. 00:00:30.520 --> 00:00:34.380 Now there are wires to connect all the different integrated circuits 00:00:34.380 --> 00:00:39.640 And other electronic components in an organized and reproducible way to form an electronic circuit. 00:00:39.740 --> 00:00:42.500 Today, we'll see how it is manufactured. 00:00:42.680 --> 00:00:47.740 I am here at JLCPCB Factory in Huizhou China, which is outside of Shangan. 00:00:48.200 --> 00:00:50.180 I am here with Lilly 00:00:50.180 --> 00:00:53.640 She is the technical support representative who speaks to engineers all day 00:00:53.780 --> 00:00:57.660 Which will send you the design of the PCB board files that they manufacture. 00:00:57.680 --> 00:01:02.800 You know everything about this process and you can answer any question I may ask you, right? 00:01:02.840 --> 00:01:05.380 - No, no, not every question. - Not every question 00:01:05.380 --> 00:01:07.380 Then you brought someone with you 00:01:07.380 --> 00:01:09.780 He is our engineer, Mr. Liu. 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:14.940 Nice to meet you, Mr. Liu. Can you answer any question that Lily does not know? 00:01:14.960 --> 00:01:16.000 Mr. Liu * answers the signal: Yes * 00:01:16.120 --> 00:01:17.180 Gorgeous! 00:01:17.180 --> 00:01:19.920 I'm excited to see this process step by step, 00:01:19.920 --> 00:01:27.400 But first, we need to go back two hours, and return to your main office in Changan to see the first steps. 00:01:32.960 --> 00:01:39.060 We are here at Headquarters, and here the first stage of this process is taking place, right? 00:01:39.060 --> 00:01:40.280 Yes. 00:01:40.280 --> 00:01:45.780 Initially when a customer sends his file to design a painting, this is what happens here. 00:01:45.780 --> 00:01:48.980 This is our engineering department. 00:01:49.240 --> 00:01:53.440 This is where they review the design files, to make sure there are no problems. 00:01:53.520 --> 00:01:59.660 Lilly: It checks to see if this file is complete. For example: if a Layer layer is missing 00:02:00.380 --> 00:02:06.720 Ensure that there are limits on the file, and if the punch file is present. 00:02:06.860 --> 00:02:13.020 So he makes sure that the engineer who designed this, and that the customer did not design it in a way that can't actually be made. 00:02:13.580 --> 00:02:18.060 So he creates the execution file, then sends it online to the factory? 00:02:18.060 --> 00:02:21.040 - The next step is at the factory, right? - Yes 00:02:21.940 --> 00:02:24.220 Well, let's go back to the factory and see the next step! 00:02:24.220 --> 00:02:25.260 Let's go! 00:02:25.260 --> 00:02:30.480 So, they print the design on a clean film sheet here 00:02:31.320 --> 00:02:33.320 Wow! 00:02:33.480 --> 00:02:41.179 Now we're going to see where they take this movie, and use the light to show this picture 00:02:41.580 --> 00:02:48.760 On a painting that contains a photoresist that you will then display, similar to the way you display photos 00:02:48.760 --> 00:02:50.080 Now, we have the design, 00:02:50.090 --> 00:02:55.490 We need to transfer it to an empty copper circuit board. But first we have to prepare that void. 00:02:55.490 --> 00:02:57.240 So let's go see where they do it. 00:02:57.240 --> 00:02:59.800 My God! This is huge! 00:02:59.800 --> 00:03:03.460 - I have no idea it is this big. - So we must cut it. 00:03:03.460 --> 00:03:04.760 Of course, it's too big! 00:03:04.980 --> 00:03:09.000 So these are your FR-4 fiberglass? 00:03:09.140 --> 00:03:14.280 Yes, we have two copper layers, the upper and lower sides 00:03:14.380 --> 00:03:21.320 And when we remove the copper, there is a yellow plate (below). This is the material FR-4. 00:03:21.320 --> 00:03:22.780 True, these are glass fibers. 00:03:23.000 --> 00:03:29.260 So there is a glass fiber in the middle, then the copper is trapped, and then glued on the outside. 00:03:29.280 --> 00:03:34.520 This is the circuit board before anything is printed on it. 00:03:34.580 --> 00:03:38.680 This is the raw material. This is really cool. 00:03:38.880 --> 00:03:42.240 Next we cut this. We take and cut these large leaves, right? 00:03:42.240 --> 00:03:43.260 Yes 00:03:43.440 --> 00:03:49.740 My God! Well, it's crazy. This is the original size of this material. 00:03:49.740 --> 00:03:52.240 So you punch it here, and then this is the cutting machine here? 00:03:52.240 --> 00:03:57.000 When this device passes, it is cut into smaller pieces. 00:03:58.440 --> 00:04:01.960 So it appears as one piece here and then cut into two saws. 00:04:01.960 --> 00:04:03.260 What is happening here? 00:04:03.260 --> 00:04:05.260 It seems ... 00:04:05.760 --> 00:04:07.760 Cut the edges? 00:04:08.560 --> 00:04:12.320 Since the edge is hard, we must smooth it. 00:04:12.540 --> 00:04:15.040 We make the edges very soft I understand! 00:04:15.700 --> 00:04:20.580 - Then what will we see? We will see how the inner layer is made first. 00:04:20.580 --> 00:04:25.820 - OK. These are the wires that run in the middle of the board, where you can't see them. 00:04:25.860 --> 00:04:28.460 - Well, we should wear these clothes. 00:04:28.680 --> 00:04:30.500 As if it is a pure healthy room. 00:04:30.500 --> 00:04:34.580 We really don't want to damage the paintings that are being made now 00:04:34.580 --> 00:04:38.320 Like bringing in so much dirt and dust? - So we have to wear these clothes. 00:04:38.320 --> 00:04:42.600 Say to your boss, thank you. Because we let see what happens inside. I never happened to see it like this. 00:04:45.300 --> 00:04:48.020 Are you ready? So we will go from here. 00:04:49.480 --> 00:04:51.140 Sorry, it is not from here :) 00:04:52.460 --> 00:04:54.460 The two at the same time? 00:05:02.420 --> 00:05:06.060 These are the paintings that we saw cut into the other room. 00:05:06.060 --> 00:05:14.160 Yes, so they have to carry the dry plastic film on the top and bottom side. 00:05:14.360 --> 00:05:14.860 OK 00:05:14.860 --> 00:05:20.260 So when these materials are exposed to UV rays, they become solid and stick to the plate. 00:05:20.340 --> 00:05:27.680 And in places where there is no light, where there is black in the picture, it is washed. 00:05:27.680 --> 00:05:33.660 Scotty: This would protect the copper from melting by alkali bath 00:05:33.660 --> 00:05:35.600 Scotty: We'll see later in this process. 00:05:35.600 --> 00:05:42.680 SCOTTY: So now that the movie is on blanks, we need to apply the design, right? Lily: Yes 00:05:42.680 --> 00:05:46.160 Scotty: So she got like two movies over there sandwich together. 00:05:46.160 --> 00:05:49.580 Lilly: Then they put the PCB in the middle. 00:05:49.580 --> 00:05:50.620 Scotty: I see it. 00:05:50.620 --> 00:05:53.640 Lily: And then expose on both sides. Scotty: At the same time? 00:05:53.640 --> 00:05:55.820 Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: Oh great, that's great. 00:05:55.820 --> 00:05:58.940 Lilly: It only takes a few seconds (to expose the image) 00:05:58.940 --> 00:06:02.645 Scotty: I see him, and he's doing it behind him, where we can't see him. 00:06:02.645 --> 00:06:04.600 Scotty: Hey, see the light in the corner. 00:06:04.820 --> 00:06:08.480 Can you really see the design? 00:06:08.480 --> 00:06:11.480 Lily: Yes, Scotty: Oh my God, I didn't think we'd be able to see it yet. 00:06:12.160 --> 00:06:15.900 SCOTTY: So why are all the lights so yellow in there? 00:06:16.480 --> 00:06:19.400 Lilly: Because the film is light sensitive. 00:06:20.040 --> 00:06:28.760 Scotty: Oh. Lily: So we don't need strong light. If the light is strong, the film may be exposed. 00:06:29.180 --> 00:06:34.540 Scotty: Because the film is sensitive to blue light and this will make it difficult. 00:06:34.540 --> 00:06:37.560 Scotty: So yellow light doesn't affect him. Lily: Yes 00:06:38.400 --> 00:06:44.200 SCOTTY: So this set of boards is ready for development, and you're going to feed them through the wall. 00:06:44.750 --> 00:06:48.339 SCOTTY: So will this go to the rest of the development process? Lily: Yes 00:06:48.560 --> 00:06:53.619 SCOTTY: Okay, but I bet we have to take off the bunny and go outside to go see that. 00:06:53.620 --> 00:06:54.681 Scotty: Okay, let's go. 00:06:54.681 --> 00:06:57.970 Scotty: This is like an activated charcoal mask. 00:07:00.620 --> 00:07:04.320 Scotty: This is where we were just now. 00:07:04.320 --> 00:07:08.680 SCOTTY: And now the councils that have been exposed to light come, and they're now going through the development process. 00:07:08.920 --> 00:07:09.420 Lily: Yes 00:07:09.560 --> 00:07:13.840 Scotty: Everywhere we can see the copper, the copper will be removed. 00:07:13.840 --> 00:07:17.620 Scotty: So you develop here where we wash off the extra light resistor. 00:07:17.620 --> 00:07:20.660 Scotty: Then here's the actual engraving process. Lily: Yes 00:07:20.860 --> 00:07:25.360 Scotty: This is an alkaline solution that chemically removes copper. 00:07:25.360 --> 00:07:29.100 Scotty: This is a whole bunch of chemicals going on here, that we can't see inside. 00:07:29.300 --> 00:07:33.880 Scotty: But when they go out to this side, we'll take a look. 00:07:33.880 --> 00:07:40.480 Scotty: Now that there is copper there, there is yellow, which is FR-4, right? Lily: Yes 00:07:40.480 --> 00:07:42.960 Scotty: This is the glass fiber in the middle. 00:07:45.000 --> 00:07:48.280 SCOTTY: So, beneath this blueness is the copper that we want to keep. 00:07:48.280 --> 00:07:50.040 Scotty: So come everywhere here. 00:07:50.040 --> 00:07:55.320 Scotty: Here he says strip the film. So this is removing the blue layer above the copper? Lily: Yes 00:07:55.320 --> 00:07:58.340 Scotty: So it's a bunch of washing and removing. 00:07:58.640 --> 00:08:02.900 Scotty: The blue layer has been removed leaving the copper you protect. 00:08:03.440 --> 00:08:08.080 SCOTTY: Now we have our design in brass, so this looked like a circuit board. Lily: Yes 00:08:08.680 --> 00:08:10.800 Scotty: And then drying up, it looks like. 00:08:11.060 --> 00:08:14.820 Scotty: And then put a protective layer between the panels so they don't scratch each other. 00:08:15.000 --> 00:08:18.919 SCOTTY: Each one of them is now a complete inner layer, is that right? 00:08:18.919 --> 00:08:20.419 Lilly: We're done. 00:08:20.420 --> 00:08:27.700 SCOTTY: So after that you need to check the pattern on the inner layer and make sure everything is fine, right? Lily: Yes 00:08:27.700 --> 00:08:29.380 Scotty: This is so cool. 00:08:29.380 --> 00:08:34.460 Scotty: This is an automated check-up, right? You guys call this AOI. 00:08:35.360 --> 00:08:39.040 Automated visual inspection. 00:08:39.040 --> 00:08:42.720 Scotty: Then he scans it and a camera. Lily: Yes 00:08:42.720 --> 00:08:44.300 Scotty: It's so fast! 00:08:44.300 --> 00:08:50.020 Scotty: This is a comparison of what it looks like with what a design file is supposed to look like. 00:08:50.020 --> 00:08:55.360 Scotty: Even when it's done, it comes to an end with copper on either side. 00:08:55.500 --> 00:08:57.240 Scotty: Let's see that. 00:08:57.240 --> 00:09:01.220 Lilly: This is the empty clip. We call it PP. 00:09:01.620 --> 00:09:08.260 Lilly: We can see the light here. If the surface is very smooth, we call it. 00:09:08.260 --> 00:09:15.700 Lilly: We add PP on each side to increase bond strength. 00:09:15.920 --> 00:09:19.800 Scotty: ... binding force. Let me see if I can explain this a little differently. 00:09:19.800 --> 00:09:25.400 Scotty: This machine takes a smooth surface and makes it more rough. 00:09:25.620 --> 00:09:29.580 Scotty: So when you put pre preg on, which is kind of like an epoxy glue, 00:09:29.580 --> 00:09:33.660 Scotty: So you can reach the surface and stick to more force. Night: mm-hmm. 00:09:33.660 --> 00:09:38.581 Scotty: This looks like a fiberglass sheet, but it's very thin, it's flexible. 00:09:38.581 --> 00:09:43.280 Scotty: And she has an epoxy already impregnated with it, already soaked in fabric. 00:09:43.280 --> 00:09:46.820 Scotty: Then you're going to put this here and then put another piece of copper. 00:09:47.380 --> 00:09:52.460 Scotty: And then a sandwich together. Lilly: One PP layer and one copper layer on each side. 00:09:52.460 --> 00:09:59.120 Scotty: Wow, this is a huge machine. So this is the outer copper foil. Lily: Yes 00:09:59.820 --> 00:10:04.540 Scotty: Is there only one factor for this entire area? Lily: Scotty: Yes, only one person. 00:10:04.980 --> 00:10:09.960 Scotty: This is the bottom of copper, and now it's prepreg, middle, and top. 00:10:09.960 --> 00:10:15.140 Lilly: Copper on the bottom, then the PP, then the plate we were following. 00:10:15.280 --> 00:10:20.800 Scotty: Yes, then PP, then another layer of copper, then one of these sheet metal. 00:10:20.800 --> 00:10:23.820 Scotty: This is a great sandwich! Lilly: Yeah! 00:10:23.850 --> 00:10:27.029 Scotty: This is the room that we were just right? Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: OK. 00:10:27.029 --> 00:10:29.380 Scotty: Oh and he's about to bring some now. 00:10:29.540 --> 00:10:31.040 (the bell of danger) 00:10:31.040 --> 00:10:32.100 Scotty: Oh, well. 00:10:32.100 --> 00:10:35.340 Scotty: These are the paintings that we just saw stacked together. 00:10:35.340 --> 00:10:37.700 SCOTTY: I'm glad I told me to move, because I had run over. 00:10:37.860 --> 00:10:40.519 SCOTTY: Well, let's go after this robot that got the other stack, right? 00:10:40.680 --> 00:10:46.399 Scotty: So there goes the first pile that we made. Here the press, this is where it will come next. 00:10:46.640 --> 00:10:50.080 Scotty: There are definitely no safety bars here. You just have to be standing outside the road. 00:10:52.760 --> 00:10:54.880 Scotty: Oh, this is where I control ... 00:10:54.880 --> 00:10:58.960 Lilly: The temperature will increase, later. 00:10:58.960 --> 00:11:01.140 Scotty: All right. 00:11:01.140 --> 00:11:03.020 Following: Increase it to 200 ° C. 00:11:03.020 --> 00:11:05.200 Scotty: I see, so these are the steps that he's going through. 00:11:05.200 --> 00:11:07.640 Scotty: The main deal is to load this in the oven, 00:11:07.800 --> 00:11:10.640 Scotty: pressure and heat up to 200 degrees Celsius, 00:11:10.800 --> 00:11:14.040 Scotty: And 27 kg of pressure, 00:11:14.660 --> 00:11:18.600 Scotty: This would dissolve the epoxy in prepreg, 00:11:19.040 --> 00:11:25.420 Scotty: I stick it on both sides, then it comes out here and we can see the final plating. 00:11:25.420 --> 00:11:26.760 SCOTTY: Well, let's go take a look. 00:11:26.760 --> 00:11:29.460 Scotty: This is what it looks like when it's completely wrapped. 00:11:29.460 --> 00:11:32.180 Scotty: This is copper. Wow, this is so thin. 00:11:32.680 --> 00:11:35.680 Scotty: That is, paper thickness, maybe even thinner. 00:11:35.960 --> 00:11:41.540 Scotty: Inside that is the inner layer we've dug, and now she has two bits of copper foil on the outside. 00:11:41.540 --> 00:11:43.700 Lilly: Now, four layers. Scotty: Now four layers. 00:11:43.940 --> 00:11:46.720 Scotty: Now we need to drill some holes. All holes. Lily: Yes 00:11:47.380 --> 00:11:48.760 Scotty: This is the drilling room. 00:11:49.020 --> 00:11:51.460 Scotty: Oh my God, you have a lot of drilling machines. 00:11:51.860 --> 00:11:57.800 SCOTTY: Below all these things are the circuit boards that we just saw, right? Lilly: mm - hmm 00:11:57.920 --> 00:12:00.752 Scotty: They're in a heap, what are three stacks like? 00:12:00.760 --> 00:12:02.660 Scotty: These are all the drill bits here. 00:12:02.660 --> 00:12:06.680 Scotty: These machines can automatically change what drill bit you use. Lily: Yes 00:12:06.680 --> 00:12:09.980 Scotty: They can drill all different holes, by design. 00:12:10.660 --> 00:12:14.520 Scotty, they just go out here, they get out of the kind they use, 00:12:14.520 --> 00:12:16.800 Scotty: They pick a new one, come back and keep digging. 00:12:16.800 --> 00:12:19.900 Scotty: Oh, he's here! It do it! It's toggle heads. Well, it's a toggle bit. 00:12:19.900 --> 00:12:23.140 SCOTTY: Until these panels are completely drilled. Wow! 00:12:23.140 --> 00:12:26.320 Scotty: This is so small, and these are in tiny little. 00:12:26.360 --> 00:12:30.780 Scotty: There are two types of holes, (thinking), three types of holes in a circuit board. 00:12:31.040 --> 00:12:35.700 Scotty: There is a bias, there is a hole, then there are only mechanical holes. 00:12:35.740 --> 00:12:38.100 Scotty: Right? Lily: Scotty sake: like to put screws. 00:12:38.240 --> 00:12:42.460 SCOTTY: So those are obvious, which are to put nails, bolts and things through. 00:12:42.460 --> 00:12:44.420 Scotty: These are big holes outside. 00:12:44.420 --> 00:12:49.600 Scotty: Then through the holes are to put the legs of the components through, like resistors and capacitors. 00:12:49.640 --> 00:12:53.540 Lilly: So you can weld the components through a hole. 00:12:53.780 --> 00:13:00.260 Scotty: Hence, these vias are the magic that makes circuit boards work, and makes multi-layer boards work 00:13:00.260 --> 00:13:03.640 Scotty: When you have wires at the top of your board and wires at the bottom of the board, 00:13:03.760 --> 00:13:07.000 Scotty: Fias is the one that ties these two sets of wires together. 00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:15.880 Scotty: So dig a really small hole, then you have a copper plate in that hole so that it connects the two. Lily: Yes 00:13:15.900 --> 00:13:21.960 SCOTTY: I can't believe the scale of this drilling. So how many heads? This is one two, three, four, five, six heads! 00:13:22.240 --> 00:13:27.539 Leyla: Yes, Scotty: so they do the same thing all the time, and they work on piles of their own paintings. 00:13:27.540 --> 00:13:30.240 Scotty: They have to be completely consistent with each other. 00:13:30.240 --> 00:13:32.300 Scotty: Then we'll go see a coating. 00:13:32.320 --> 00:13:36.260 Scotty: Where did we put the copper in the holes? Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: OK. 00:13:36.260 --> 00:13:43.000 Scotty: So this is a copper plating process where every hole is copper plated inside. 00:13:43.440 --> 00:13:46.620 Scotty: This is a chemical process that I don't quite understand. 00:13:46.620 --> 00:13:53.340 Scotty: If you are a chemist and you understand this process better than I do, leave a comment below and I will make sure to install it. 00:13:53.340 --> 00:13:56.860 SCOTTY: I'm not sure I fully understand what's going on here. 00:13:57.280 --> 00:14:01.860 Scotty: But what's important is that we put copper in the holes. 00:14:01.980 --> 00:14:02.960 Lilly: (laugh) 00:14:03.320 --> 00:14:08.400 SCOTTY: So we talked to Mr. Liu and it turned out that we only saw half of the process. Lily: Yes 00:14:08.620 --> 00:14:14.280 This is the other half. Before that, he used to paint with copper, but was just applying a really thin layer. 00:14:14.280 --> 00:14:15.580 Lilly: Yes, it's not thick enough. 00:14:15.580 --> 00:14:19.520 Scotty: Right, not thick enough for welding and for current to flow through. 00:14:19.520 --> 00:14:21.340 Lilly: Right, so we have to go up again. 00:14:21.340 --> 00:14:28.720 Scotty: Right, so this is the power line, but in order for the electrolyte to actually need to be able to run the electrical current through the board. 00:14:28.960 --> 00:14:35.580 Scotty and the first step gave us enough copper to be able to do that and then the copper thickness would grow in those holes. 00:14:42.920 --> 00:14:45.960 SCOTTY: So now we're back in the dark room 00:14:46.320 --> 00:14:49.560 SCOTTY: This time, we're putting traces on the outside of the board. Lily: Yes 00:14:50.140 --> 00:14:55.240 Scotty: All right. So this process is exactly the same as what we've seen for the inner layers? 00:14:55.420 --> 00:14:57.920 Lilly: mm - hmm. Scotty: So let's go ahead and jump forward to the next step. 00:14:58.660 --> 00:15:00.600 Lily: This is outside the AOI room. 00:15:00.600 --> 00:15:04.700 Scotty: This is AOI again. We saw AOI for the inner layer. 00:15:04.860 --> 00:15:06.660 Lily: Yes, this is for the outer layers. 00:15:06.660 --> 00:15:08.340 Scotty: Are these machines different from those in the basement? 00:15:08.340 --> 00:15:10.060 Lilly: No, it's the same. 00:15:10.060 --> 00:15:11.860 Scotty: Exactly the same? Lily: Yes 00:15:12.260 --> 00:15:19.280 Scotty: This is where you apply the welding mask that gives circuit boards that are unique in green. Lily: Yes 00:15:19.760 --> 00:15:21.780 Scotty: Until now, they were yellow, which made them green. 00:15:21.780 --> 00:15:26.480 Scotty: You can make other colors too, but green is what everyone thinks of when they think of circuit boards. 00:15:26.640 --> 00:15:28.100 Lily: It is the standard color. 00:15:28.100 --> 00:15:28.600 Scotty: Yes. 00:15:29.440 --> 00:15:39.880 00:15:40.080 --> 00:15:42.600 Scotty: Is this a liquid welding mask? Lilly: mm - hmm. 00:15:42.600 --> 00:15:44.920 SCOTTY: And chrome on this mop? 00:15:45.520 --> 00:15:50.340 Scotty: He goes back and forth. So we put it all over here. Then in the next step, we will remove some of them. 00:15:50.380 --> 00:15:56.220 Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: on this device. We only put a welding mask on one side of the plate, right? 00:15:56.220 --> 00:15:58.200 Lily: Yeah, Scotty: but we want it on both sides. 00:15:58.200 --> 00:16:00.520 Leyla: Yes, so we have to print it on the other side after that. 00:16:00.520 --> 00:16:01.740 Scotty: Right, well 00:16:01.740 --> 00:16:06.680 Scotty: So let's go over here. Well I see that. So you have two absolutely identical devices. 00:16:06.840 --> 00:16:11.880 SCOTTY: Oh, I got an automatic arm that flipped in the middle. 00:16:11.880 --> 00:16:13.820 Scotty: This is awesome! Lily: Yes 00:16:13.820 --> 00:16:15.540 Scotty: Then where do we go? 00:16:15.640 --> 00:16:18.920 Lily: We have to make the welding mask dry. 00:16:18.920 --> 00:16:21.400 Scotty: So you've got these big industrial dryers here. 00:16:21.401 --> 00:16:25.290 Scotty: Oh, I see. OK. So all the panels are stacked vertically here. 00:16:25.440 --> 00:16:32.980 Leyla: Yes, it is an air dryer. Scotty: This makes the welding mask a bit dry so it doesn't run out. 00:16:33.180 --> 00:16:38.760 SCOTTY: Then we need to see how we remove the solder mask from the towels where we don't want them. 00:16:38.760 --> 00:16:41.440 Lilly: Cover it with cinema. 00:16:41.720 --> 00:16:46.880 Night: On this PCB, the film has welding mask nozzles. 00:16:46.880 --> 00:16:50.320 Lily: This indicates what must be removed. 00:16:50.320 --> 00:16:54.000 SCOTTY: These films are printed in the same way that we do the movie we are saying about antiquities. 00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:58.360 Lily: Scotty: Yes, anywhere, there is black, the welding mask will be removed. 00:16:58.380 --> 00:17:03.740 Scotty: They put black where there are platforms or other things that we don't want the welding mask to stick to. Lily: Yes 00:17:03.740 --> 00:17:09.800 Scotty: So he's taking boards with a welding mask all over, and he's putting films on both sides. 00:17:09.840 --> 00:17:15.160 Lilly: Yes, Scotty: so I think this welder mask can be treated with UV rays. 00:17:15.640 --> 00:17:23.240 Lilly: Yes, Scotty: And so when this welding mask was exposed to UV rays, it escalated. 00:17:23.240 --> 00:17:28.892 Lily: Scotty sake: This is this bright purple light here, it's UV light. 00:17:28.900 --> 00:17:31.200 Scotty: We're treating a welding mask, 00:17:31.380 --> 00:17:39.040 SCOTTY: Everywhere the movie is clear. And in any black place, it remains loose. Then we can wash it off. 00:17:39.600 --> 00:17:40.720 Lilly: Yes. 00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:49.980 Scotty: Is this the washing line in there? Leyla: Yes, it's the developing streak, and on the other hand, it's washing off. 00:17:49.980 --> 00:17:55.240 Scotty: This is the other side of the clean room, where the paintings were going to the wall. Lilly: Yes, he gets out of here. 00:17:55.240 --> 00:18:00.840 Scotty: This looks just like the developing streak that we saw in the drilling process. Lily: Yes 00:18:01.720 --> 00:18:09.569 SCOTTY: Right, so they're basically water sprinklers that move back and forth, and remove all of the overload welders mask, right? 00:18:09.569 --> 00:18:11.660 Scotty: The mask that wasn't strengthened by light. 00:18:11.660 --> 00:18:19.340 Scotty: So we can see here that the plates have the solder mask removed from the pads so we can see the copper spacers through them. 00:18:19.480 --> 00:18:21.400 Scotty: This is awesome. 00:18:21.400 --> 00:18:24.680 SCOTTY: Now it's time to put some mark on these paintings. 00:18:24.680 --> 00:18:33.240 Scotty: This is the silkscreen process. This is what you expect. This looks just like a silkscreen t-shirt. 00:18:33.240 --> 00:18:41.020 Lily: Yes, Scotty: It's a big frame, and I got a piece of silk stretched in the middle, and then this design. 00:18:41.460 --> 00:18:48.900 Scotty: One of the design files that the engineer drew on the silk screen. Why do engineers put silk screen on the board? 00:18:49.440 --> 00:19:01.060 Lilly: Because some designers have something they want on a PCB. For example, their logo, perhaps history, or any special text. 00:19:01.340 --> 00:19:05.220 Scotty: Yeah, so they're going to put text like what each component is, 00:19:05.220 --> 00:19:10.060 Scotty: alignment lines where components should be on the board, 00:19:10.060 --> 00:19:13.340 Scotty: It's pure human, isn't it? It has no electrical purpose. 00:19:13.340 --> 00:19:18.840 SCOTTY: But it is only natural for people to know what is going on, how it should be aligned, slogans, 00:19:19.040 --> 00:19:20.560 Scotty: Part numbers, things like that. 00:19:20.760 --> 00:19:21.880 Lilly: Yes, anything you love. 00:19:21.880 --> 00:19:26.540 Scotty: Now, this isn't the only way to do this. You have a different machine. 00:19:26.540 --> 00:19:31.980 Scotty: This looks like a giant inkjet printer, like what you'll have at home. 00:19:32.420 --> 00:19:39.480 Scotty: But maybe with a cured UV ... it looks like a cured UV inkjet printer. 00:19:39.480 --> 00:19:43.600 Scotty: Why did you use the old way at all? Why not do all this with this device? 00:19:43.820 --> 00:19:57.480 Night: It is only available for PCBs in a smaller quantity. It requires more. Because this one is much slower than silkscreen on both sides. 00:19:57.480 --> 00:19:58.760 Scotty: Ah, I understand. 00:19:58.760 --> 00:20:04.280 SCOTTY: So if they only have a few of them they use the slowest device that doesn't require making silk screens. 00:20:04.520 --> 00:20:09.000 SCOTTY: But if they're going to be working a lot, it's worth making a silk screen and they can do it faster. 00:20:09.000 --> 00:20:14.520 SCOTTY: So far we have all of the labels and outlines printed on our board, let's go see the next step. 00:20:14.700 --> 00:20:19.920 Scotty: The boards come out of the furnaces that finish off the silk screen, and solidify them. 00:20:20.020 --> 00:20:22.591 Scotty: And now they're entering surface treatment. 00:20:22.591 --> 00:20:25.609 Scotty: Curing service on copper that makes welding easy. 00:20:26.360 --> 00:20:28.880 Scotty: Right? Lily: Scotty's sake: So it makes it completely flat, 00:20:28.880 --> 00:20:31.660 Scotty: And it makes a better solder stick. 00:20:31.660 --> 00:20:39.160 SCOTTY: So there are two different options here, but this one is called HASL, Hot Air Leveling, right? Lilly: Yes, that's right. 00:20:39.160 --> 00:20:41.120 (whoosh from the air) 00:20:41.120 --> 00:20:42.560 Scotty: Wow. 00:20:43.120 --> 00:20:52.800 Scotty: So the plate dips into the liquid weld, and then it comes out. There are hot air blades that blow off all the excess. 00:20:52.800 --> 00:20:56.260 Scotty: You can see it goes in copper and comes out of silver. 00:20:56.580 --> 00:20:57.200 Scotty: Onwards! 00:20:58.040 --> 00:21:05.860 00:21:06.120 --> 00:21:10.520 SCOTTY: Well, that looks like the drilling machines we've seen before. 00:21:10.520 --> 00:21:12.340 Scotty: We're not drilling holes anymore, right? 00:21:12.340 --> 00:21:18.720 Lilly: No, there are no holes. You can look at the PCB, there are many different PCBs here. 00:21:19.120 --> 00:21:22.740 Lilly: It could be from many, many customers. 00:21:22.740 --> 00:21:24.740 Lilly: Many clients. Scotty: On one big plate. 00:21:24.740 --> 00:21:28.300 Lily: Yes, so we have to cut it into pieces. 00:21:28.440 --> 00:21:35.680 SCOTTY: So we have to cut each PCB according to the shape the designer has specified. Lily: Yes 00:21:35.680 --> 00:21:39.900 Scotty: These are the basic pieces that cut the edges of each circuit board. 00:21:40.580 --> 00:21:42.580 Scotty: So what is this room? 00:21:42.580 --> 00:21:44.780 Lily: This is the result. 00:21:45.360 --> 00:21:50.299 SCOTTY: Well, that's related to what we just saw, which led to different profiles, but it's a little different. 00:21:50.300 --> 00:22:02.340 Lilly: Yes, some customers will decide they want their PCB in one small board so it's easier to assemble. 00:22:02.340 --> 00:22:06.380 SCOTTY: So, each of them is a separate board, right, but they receive it like this, 00:22:06.640 --> 00:22:10.940 Scotty: They'll put all of their ingredients right there, in their choice machine, where they are, or whatever, 00:22:11.160 --> 00:22:14.720 Scotty: And then snap. Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: OK. 00:22:15.080 --> 00:22:21.020 SCOTTY: So the result V here, this machine, makes the grading process so easy to break. Lily: Yes 00:22:21.500 --> 00:22:23.760 Scotty: He gets a heap ready to go to the machine here. 00:22:24.620 --> 00:22:26.620 Scotty: Wow, this is so fast! 00:22:28.780 --> 00:22:31.420 Scotty: We have the finished panels, we're done, right? 00:22:31.420 --> 00:22:39.080 Lilly: No, we have to test whether the PCB is ok, for example if there are any short circuits or open circuits. 00:22:39.080 --> 00:22:41.120 Scotty: This is the most important part, isn't it? Lilly: Yes, yes 00:22:41.120 --> 00:22:46.359 Scotty: We have to make sure that the things you should relate to are connected, and that the things you shouldn't relate to are not related. 00:22:46.359 --> 00:22:49.300 SCOTTY: So this is the online test room. 00:22:49.300 --> 00:22:52.659 Lilly: So we use the poke flying test. 00:22:52.660 --> 00:23:00.860 Scotty: This is one of my favorite devices in the PCB factory. They have little needles at the end of these weapons, right? 00:23:00.860 --> 00:23:06.580 Layla: Scotty sake: Those that touch each of the pads on the circuit board where one of the components is welded. 00:23:06.580 --> 00:23:09.240 Lily: Yeah, that's why they are calling poke flying. 00:23:09.240 --> 00:23:14.460 Scotty: So they're testing the electrical conductivity between two random panels, right? 00:23:14.880 --> 00:23:19.700 SCOTTY: The computer knows where all the pillows should be, because it contains design. 00:23:19.700 --> 00:23:23.480 SCOTTY: He knows what they should be tied together and what they should not be tied together. 00:23:23.480 --> 00:23:26.640 Scotty: He tests both mixes one by one. 00:23:26.640 --> 00:23:28.640 Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: that's amazing. 00:23:28.820 --> 00:23:38.520 00:23:39.200 --> 00:23:41.300 Scotty: We're finally there! Lilly: It's over! 00:23:41.320 --> 00:23:48.680 SCOTTY: We've finished the circuit boards here, fully tested, completely manufactured, and ready to go to the customer. 00:23:48.720 --> 00:23:50.980 Lilly: Yeah, Scotty: What's the last step? 00:23:50.980 --> 00:23:56.140 Lilly: Scotty Package: Packaging & Shipping. So this is an example of ready to ship. It got a label on it. 00:23:56.150 --> 00:23:58.465 Lily: Scotty: You're ready to go out to clients 00:23:58.465 --> 00:24:01.849 Scotty: Once everything is packed and ready to go. It is shipped to the customer. 00:24:01.849 --> 00:24:05.300 Scotty: So he gets the recharge cards, and he's on her way. 00:24:05.300 --> 00:24:11.280 Scotty: Until when - we've seen this whole process, this is the very last step to ship it to the customer. 00:24:11.280 --> 00:24:16.240 How long has the customer submitted their design until they are shipped? 00:24:17.160 --> 00:24:22.680 Lilly: When it's produced, it's usually 24 hours. 00:24:22.680 --> 00:24:23.940 Scotty: 24 hours a night: yeah 00:24:23.940 --> 00:24:26.240 Scotty: This is so fast! Lilly: Yeah! 00:24:26.240 --> 00:24:33.520 SCOTTY: So in the U.S., it is sometimes weeks for it to wait from the time you place your order until it's ready to ship. 00:24:34.200 --> 00:24:40.500 SCOTTY: I know you have customers in the US and Europe, how long does shipping usually take on top of that? 00:24:40.500 --> 00:24:43.980 Lilly: Maybe 3 days for DHL shipping. 00:24:44.100 --> 00:24:48.050 Scotty: DHL shipping, three days. So you look, four days after that time 00:24:48.050 --> 00:24:50.120 Scotty: Can you submit your file to the time you have your councils? 00:24:50.120 --> 00:24:52.460 Lilly: Scotty's sake: four days. This is very fast. 00:24:52.470 --> 00:24:57.410 SCOTTY: Well, I think it's about this time. I really enjoyed it. I enjoyed seeing the whole process. 00:24:57.410 --> 00:25:04.249 I had a few interesting fast food out of it. I think the biggest of them is the complexity of this process. 00:25:04.380 --> 00:25:10.609 There are many steps and you have many different paintings, as many different designs flow through your factory. 00:25:11.160 --> 00:25:15.649 It's amazing how you keep all of this straight, and follow their orders, 00:25:16.110 --> 00:25:23.000 There are so many details you have to get it right. There there are keeping things, and keeping things clean. I am very impressed. 00:25:23.850 --> 00:25:27.500 I hope you enjoyed this tour as much as you did. 00:25:27.500 --> 00:25:31.670 I wanted to thank JLCPCD for sponsoring this video and making it possible. 00:25:31.670 --> 00:25:38.749 But most importantly, I wanted to thank you guys for giving you such deep access to your factory, like full access. 00:25:38.750 --> 00:25:44.780 In particular, Mr. Liu was very accommodating, letting us go to all the clean rooms and see each of the different areas. 00:25:45.000 --> 00:25:46.600 It is a big difference. 00:25:46.600 --> 00:25:52.040 And for me and Mr. Liu, Thank you very much for the time spent guiding me and the rest of your team. 00:25:52.160 --> 00:25:53.700 I really appreciate it. 00:25:54.180 --> 00:26:02.740 If you want to know more about JLCPCB and its potentials and possibly ask for plate design and manufacture, 00:26:02.740 --> 00:26:05.400 You can find a link to their website in the description below. 00:26:05.400 --> 00:26:09.120 Hope you enjoyed the factory tour. I want to do a lot of them this year. 00:26:09.400 --> 00:26:14.160 So leave a comment below with the factories I want to go to, and I'll see what I can do. 00:26:14.830 --> 00:26:17.560 But for now, I'm Scotty from strange parts. 00:26:17.560 --> 00:26:21.180 If you enjoyed this video, click the subscribe button below 00:26:21.180 --> 00:26:25.820 Click the Bell icon next to it if you want to be notified of every video I upload 00:26:25.820 --> 00:26:29.600 But for the time being, stay tuned for more adventures. I will see you next time.
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Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12