00:00:00.000 [Music] 00:00:02.07000:00:02.080 [Applause] 00:00:02.18000:00:02.19000:00:06.84000:00:06.85000:00:10.55000:00:10.560 hello and welcome to in-depth I'm Tina 00:00:12.77000:00:12.780 da on the first of August the Union 00:00:15.08000:00:15.090 Cabinet decided to allow the 00:00:16.40000:00:16.410 simultaneous exploitation of 00:00:18.20000:00:18.210 unconventional hydrocarbon resources 00:00:20.33000:00:20.340 like coal bed methane and shale and 00:00:23.17900:00:23.189 conventional oil and natural gas 00:00:25.24900:00:25.259 Finance Minister Piyush Goyal said the 00:00:27.32000:00:27.330 move is aimed at reducing India's 00:00:29.35900:00:29.369 dependence on imported oil and saving 00:00:31.64000:00:31.650 foreign exchange the decision is 00:00:33.92000:00:33.930 expected to boost domestic output and 00:00:36.14000:00:36.150 spur investments by different firms at 00:00:38.96000:00:38.970 present a permit for exploration and 00:00:41.29900:00:41.309 reduction of conventional crude oil and 00:00:43.22000:00:43.230 natural gas does not allow exploitation 00:00:45.38000:00:45.390 of shale oil and gas and coal bed 00:00:47.81000:00:47.820 methane in today's in-depth let's 00:00:50.11900:00:50.129 understand what is shale oil why has it 00:00:52.45900:00:52.469 emerged as the best hope for an energy 00:00:54.50000:00:54.510 future and is India ready for shale gas 00:01:09.95000:01:09.960 growing population and industrialization 00:01:12.54000:01:12.550 are impacting every aspect of our lives 00:01:15.12000:01:15.130 this also includes the availability of 00:01:17.46000:01:17.470 energy there are limited energy sources 00:01:20.01000:01:20.020 on earth but the manner in which they 00:01:21.99000:01:22.000 are being exploited and used available 00:01:24.21000:01:24.220 reserves are being constantly depleted 00:01:26.43000:01:26.440 which is why the use of shale gas has 00:01:29.10000:01:29.110 taken center stage the discovery of 00:01:31.32000:01:31.330 shale oil is not new but its production 00:01:33.51000:01:33.520 is challenging and expensive the 70s saw 00:01:44.60900:01:44.619 a revolution in crude oil production all 00:01:47.34000:01:47.350 Gulf countries including the Arab 00:01:49.44000:01:49.450 nations were identified as energy 00:01:51.99000:01:52.000 centres 00:01:52.57000:01:52.58000:01:54.67000:01:54.680 the continuous availability of oil for 00:01:57.71000:01:57.720 the past six decades has only enhanced 00:02:00.62000:02:00.630 the importance of these nations over the 00:02:02.71900:02:02.729 years but diminishing capacity of the 00:02:05.30000:02:05.310 limited oil reserves has increased 00:02:07.52000:02:07.530 concerns in many countries that is why 00:02:10.31000:02:10.320 various countries including the US and 00:02:12.59000:02:12.600 India are directing their focus on shale 00:02:15.38000:02:15.390 oil and gas 00:02:18.86000:02:18.87000:02:21.93000:02:21.940 country that is fine which is making the 00:02:24.42000:02:24.430 most use of shale is USA for lots of 00:02:27.75000:02:27.760 reasons they have uninhabited areas 00:02:30.87000:02:30.880 where they can explore and they have 00:02:33.47000:02:33.480 traditionally got oil wells which are 00:02:36.09000:02:36.100 now being which have gone into disuse 00:02:37.92000:02:37.930 which they think and have been able to 00:02:40.77000:02:40.780 bring those back into circulation by 00:02:43.08000:02:43.090 extracting shape so for America it makes 00:02:46.20000:02:46.210 a lot of sense similarly for Russia of 00:02:47.97000:02:47.980 course they have not been that 00:02:49.35000:02:49.360 successful but still that's under 00:02:50.73000:02:50.740 country when shale oil has a has an 00:02:53.19000:02:53.200 ability in the Middle East since they 00:02:55.17000:02:55.180 already have huge stocks of oil the 00:02:58.74000:02:58.750 annals of gas they will not be very 00:03:01.14000:03:01.150 happy to explore shale because that will 00:03:03.90000:03:03.910 actually further add to the supply and 00:03:06.00000:03:06.010 reduce the price of their current 00:03:07.62000:03:07.630 reserves so for them it makes no sense 00:03:10.23000:03:10.240 and for a country like India even if we 00:03:13.56000:03:13.570 assume that there is shield because of 00:03:16.56000:03:16.570 the fact that there are lots of costs 00:03:19.31000:03:19.320 geological cost environmental cost for 00:03:22.53000:03:22.540 doing this sort of a project we have 00:03:25.35000:03:25.360 practically decided not to use shale and 00:03:28.77000:03:28.780 in fact no country no company in India 00:03:31.32000:03:31.330 is really pushing actively or very 00:03:34.98000:03:34.990 vigorously for expression of shale 00:03:40.29000:03:40.300 technically shale gas is a natural gas 00:03:43.36000:03:43.370 produced from rocky structures which is 00:03:45.82000:03:45.830 different from natural gas produced from 00:03:48.01000:03:48.020 sand and limestone they are rich in 00:03:50.83000:03:50.840 organic material and are usually mature 00:03:53.38000:03:53.390 petroleum source rocks only high heat 00:03:56.41000:03:56.420 and pressure on these rocks produces 00:03:58.60000:03:58.610 natural gas which is much cleaner 00:04:00.69900:04:00.709 compared to LPG the word Sheol is 00:04:04.03000:04:04.040 usually used for any sedimentary rock 00:04:06.75900:04:06.769 that contains solid bituminous 00:04:08.74000:04:08.750 substances like corrosion when this rock 00:04:12.04000:04:12.050 is heated by pyrolysis a chemical 00:04:14.65000:04:14.660 process then the corrosion petroleum 00:04:16.71900:04:16.729 comes out in the form of liquid 00:04:18.58000:04:18.590 substance which is called Sheol oil 00:04:21.63000:04:21.64000:04:25.42000:04:25.430 she'll oil is formed by the accumulation 00:04:27.70000:04:27.710 of mud silt and organic waste for 00:04:30.96900:04:30.979 millions of years due to heat and 00:04:33.12900:04:33.139 pressure for a long time these 00:04:34.84000:04:34.850 biological substances turn into shale 00:04:37.54000:04:37.550 oil shale is a fine sedimentary rock 00:04:40.50000:04:40.510 which contains high amount of organic 00:04:43.78000:04:43.790 matter this organic matter can produce a 00:04:47.32000:04:47.330 hydrocarbon to produce a hydrocarbon 00:04:51.34000:04:51.350 from any lithology it requires a 00:04:54.37000:04:54.380 permeability permeability so that the 00:04:56.98000:04:56.990 liquid can flow through it and you can 00:04:59.71000:04:59.720 take out but by nature as the sail is 00:05:05.11000:05:05.120 made up of of flaky minerals so it 00:05:09.85000:05:09.860 doesn't contains up now it doesn't have 00:05:12.12900:05:12.139 the permeability so you have to create 00:05:15.37000:05:15.380 the permeability by the fracturing or 00:05:17.92000:05:17.930 high pressure hydro fracturing or high 00:05:21.07000:05:21.080 pressure fracture so the permeability is 00:05:23.59000:05:23.600 created once the permeability is created 00:05:26.17000:05:26.180 the gas start flowing through the 00:05:29.46900:05:29.479 fractures and you can take out at the 00:05:31.08900:05:31.099 surface from the products and we're in 00:05:33.82000:05:33.830 the process of extracting oil shale oil 00:05:36.10000:05:36.110 is heated enough to break down and melt 00:05:38.46900:05:38.479 organic compounds like keratin after 00:05:41.29000:05:41.300 sufficient heating corrosion Mills and 00:05:43.42000:05:43.430 comes out in liquid and gaseous form 00:05:45.94000:05:45.950 these liquids are similar to the liquid 00:05:48.40000:05:48.410 and gaseous hydrocarbons found in 00:05:50.77000:05:50.780 conventional petroleum such synthetic 00:05:53.50000:05:53.510 crude is also called corrosion oil oil 00:05:56.11000:05:56.120 is obtained from shale oil in two ways 00:05:58.24000:05:58.250 in the first process shield rocks are 00:06:01.42000:06:01.430 mined out and broken into small pieces 00:06:03.61000:06:03.620 and transported to the processing plant 00:06:06.25000:06:06.260 where it is heated at approximately 500 00:06:09.40000:06:09.410 degrees Celsius that is 930 degrees 00:06:12.12900:06:12.139 Fahrenheit 00:06:13.30000:06:13.310 due to high heat oil comes out as steam 00:06:16.27000:06:16.280 from these rocks the second process is 00:06:18.70000:06:18.710 called situ in this all shale is broken 00:06:21.73000:06:21.740 by explosion after which air and gas 00:06:24.64000:06:24.650 enter inside the rock 00:06:26.08000:06:26.090 the rock is then heated with techniques 00:06:28.33000:06:28.340 like electrical heating this brings out 00:06:30.67000:06:30.680 the corrosion like crude oil from these 00:06:32.71000:06:32.720 rocks he's a very fine fine grained 00:06:35.83000:06:35.840 sedimentary rock it 00:06:37.64000:06:37.650 have escaped my is my porosity both hi 00:06:42.14000:06:42.150 OTA but permeability both lotia 00:06:45.11000:06:45.120 to Jovi gas is my Bunton voice me 00:06:48.02000:06:48.030 trapped forgotten or nickel important to 00:06:52.58000:06:52.590 explore other music's nicola then we 00:06:56.65900:06:56.669 have to make an artificial cracking 00:06:59.74900:06:59.759 curling panini fracture karna padega so 00:07:02.27000:07:02.280 that we do at the boham demean k under 00:07:06.83000:07:06.840 he explained me fracturing curtain 00:07:08.90000:07:08.910 controlled fracturing curtain taki gas 00:07:11.45000:07:11.460 is missing nickel sake Jamia gas inter 00:07:14.02900:07:14.039 cynical t than production will say how 00:07:16.25000:07:16.260 Misco surface space callate callate for 00:07:18.59000:07:18.600 home are a huge career generally shield 00:07:21.77000:07:21.780 oil technology is quite expensive 00:07:23.81000:07:23.820 because these rocks have less oil 00:07:26.12000:07:26.130 content the gas found around the shale 00:07:28.52000:07:28.530 oil rocks is called shield gas till 20th 00:07:31.82000:07:31.830 century the technique to extract shale 00:07:34.12900:07:34.139 oil and gas was quite difficult and 00:07:36.89000:07:36.900 expensive because of this nobody was 00:07:39.58900:07:39.599 interested in its production at that 00:07:41.42000:07:41.430 time with the beginning of the 21st 00:07:43.76000:07:43.770 century the technique improved at 00:07:46.21900:07:46.229 present with a new technology the 00:07:48.83000:07:48.840 production cost of one barrel shale oil 00:07:50.99000:07:51.000 is around 40 US dollar which is helping 00:07:54.05000:07:54.060 America to fulfill its oil needs Bureau 00:07:56.81000:07:56.820 report Raja's of RTV the government has 00:08:00.86000:08:00.870 approved the new policy on extraction 00:08:02.93000:08:02.940 and exploration of shale oil in the 00:08:04.67000:08:04.680 Indian Basin this new age of tapped 00:08:07.07000:08:07.080 source of fuel is expected to bring to 00:08:08.99000:08:09.000 an end India's dependence on crude oil 00:08:11.27000:08:11.280 imports let's look at the prospects for 00:08:13.61000:08:13.620 shale gas production in India in our 00:08:15.68000:08:15.690 next report 00:08:19.06000:08:19.070 India is the third largest consumer of 00:08:21.86000:08:21.870 energy after China and the USA but it 00:08:25.18900:08:25.199 has few resources to generate it relying 00:08:28.18900:08:28.199 heavily on imports to service energy 00:08:30.37900:08:30.389 needs drains fiscal resources given the 00:08:33.07900:08:33.089 volatile energy prices and also affects 00:08:35.71900:08:35.729 energy security adversely meeting energy 00:08:38.44900:08:38.459 needs to achieve an 8 to 9 percent 00:08:40.45900:08:40.469 economic growth even as we also meet 00:08:42.80000:08:42.810 energy requirements of the population at 00:08:45.05000:08:45.060 affordable prices 00:08:46.87900:08:46.889 a huge challenge it calls for sustained 00:08:49.24900:08:49.259 efforts in increasing energy efficiency 00:08:51.13900:08:51.149 while increasing domestic production to 00:08:54.13900:08:54.149 keep a lid on import dependence given 00:08:56.47900:08:56.489 India's growth needs primary energy 00:08:58.28000:08:58.290 consumption is unlikely to reduce in 00:09:01.18900:09:01.199 such a scenario unconventional sources 00:09:03.49900:09:03.509 of gas particularly shale gas holds a 00:09:06.73900:09:06.749 special relevance for India in terms of 00:09:09.66900:09:09.679 production u.s. is a leader in shale oil 00:09:13.18900:09:13.199 and it is producing a large amount of 00:09:16.06900:09:16.079 gas and which is the meeting which can 00:09:18.91900:09:18.929 meet around 20% of US domestic need of 00:09:21.71000:09:21.720 the gas but in India we are in a very 00:09:24.94900:09:24.959 initial stage we are just trying to 00:09:28.47900:09:28.489 identify the area and trying to estimate 00:09:31.48900:09:31.499 the total reserve however 00:09:33.16900:09:33.179 technologically we are not in a position 00:09:35.26900:09:35.279 to produce a sell oil or shale gas shale 00:09:39.31900:09:39.329 gas has been an increasingly important 00:09:41.38900:09:41.399 source of natural gas in the United 00:09:43.22000:09:43.230 States since the start of the century in 00:09:45.67900:09:45.689 fact the u.s. started generating 00:09:47.53900:09:47.549 electricity from shale gas instead of 00:09:49.63900:09:49.649 coal the rapid rise in production of gas 00:09:52.06900:09:52.079 from shale in the u.s. has led to 00:09:54.10900:09:54.119 renewed interest in unconventional gas 00:09:56.38900:09:56.399 sources globally India is among the 00:09:59.17900:09:59.189 interest nations recently in a written 00:10:01.60900:10:01.619 response in the Rajya Sabha the oil and 00:10:03.49900:10:03.509 natural gas ministry informed the house 00:10:05.38900:10:05.399 that shale gas resource assessment in 00:10:07.93900:10:07.949 Indian Basin has been done by various 00:10:10.30900:10:10.319 national and international agencies 00:10:12.87900:10:12.889 according to the government oil and 00:10:15.04900:10:15.059 natural gas corporation Limited has 00:10:16.97000:10:16.980 estimated sheild gas resources of 187 00:10:20.80900:10:20.819 point five trillion cubic feet for five 00:10:23.62900:10:23.639 bases that is kambei kg Kaveri Ganga and 00:10:27.37900:10:27.389 Sam at the same time central mine 00:10:30.04900:10:30.059 planning and design Institute has 00:10:31.78900:10:31.799 estimated shale gas resources of 45.8 00:10:34.65900:10:34.669 TCF in the Gondwana Basin international 00:10:38.11900:10:38.129 agencies like the United States 00:10:39.67900:10:39.689 Geological Survey estimated technical 00:10:42.19900:10:42.209 recoverable shale gas of 6.1 TCF for 00:10:45.82900:10:45.839 three basins that is kambei kg and 00:10:48.52900:10:48.539 Kaveri further the US Geological Survey 00:10:50.88900:10:50.899 estimated technical recoverable volume 00:10:53.44900:10:53.459 of 62 million barrels of shale oil for 00:10:55.81900:10:55.829 kambei Basin we are already producing 00:10:58.06900:10:58.079 the gases 00:10:59.53000:10:59.540 and recently we have also started for 00:11:02.92000:11:02.930 the CBM that is coalbed Whittle 00:11:05.11000:11:05.120 however the commercial production is I 00:11:07.48000:11:07.490 think it is not yet started it is in the 00:11:10.18000:11:10.190 pilot pilot project stays but the huge 00:11:14.11000:11:14.120 amount of CBM is reserved in India 00:11:17.82900:11:17.839 mostly in the Ventana coal coal 00:11:20.59000:11:20.600 sediments coal deposits challenges as 00:11:22.78000:11:22.790 naturally the it is an intermediate gas 00:11:24.93900:11:24.949 and for out the gap for our sectors the 00:11:27.30900:11:27.319 biggest thing is that we have to shift 00:11:28.74900:11:28.759 from oil to gas and from gas to remember 00:11:31.93000:11:31.940 a renewable energy we are moving in that 00:11:34.21000:11:34.220 direction in fact we have four or four 00:11:35.98000:11:35.990 four we have actually pushed the 00:11:38.31900:11:38.329 renewable energy targets ahead so we are 00:11:40.93000:11:40.940 now looking at when sense by 2022 00:11:44.04000:11:44.050 putting up 175 gigawatt of electricity 00:11:46.60000:11:46.610 from renewable energy so India looks at 00:11:50.29000:11:50.300 oil as the primary source along with 00:11:53.59000:11:53.600 coal for power plants so oil for try of 00:11:57.55000:11:57.560 mobile energy pull for static energy in 00:12:00.69900:12:00.709 the sense that for power plants and 00:12:02.94900:12:02.959 others and later on supplanting a large 00:12:06.34000:12:06.350 role of coal and definitely of oil to 00:12:09.93900:12:09.949 produce Alexa T from renewable energy in 00:12:13.66000:12:13.670 the intermediate stage will be using a 00:12:15.34000:12:15.350 bit of gas to try to make the transition 00:12:17.67000:12:17.680 so it's a process in which we are not 00:12:20.74000:12:20.750 really bothered about who gives us what 00:12:22.68900:12:22.699 sort of gas as long as the price is 00:12:24.34000:12:24.350 right for us and that that is where the 00:12:27.28000:12:27.290 entire equation lies in order to exploit 00:12:30.37000:12:30.380 shale gas and oil in the country the 00:12:32.53000:12:32.540 government on 14 October 2013 announced 00:12:35.86000:12:35.870 policy guidelines for exploration and 00:12:38.07900:12:38.089 exploitation of shale gas and oil by 00:12:41.01900:12:41.029 national oil companies like OMG sea and 00:12:43.78000:12:43.790 oil India Limited in their online 00:12:45.93900:12:45.949 petroleum exploration licence petroleum 00:12:48.81900:12:48.829 mining lease in the first phase of the 00:12:51.04000:12:51.050 assessment ongc has identified and 00:12:53.47000:12:53.480 initiated shale gas and oil exploration 00:12:55.65000:12:55.660 activities in 50 PE l 00:12:58.59000:12:58.600 ml areas and oal has identified and 00:13:01.94900:13:01.959 initiated shale gas exploration 00:13:03.54000:13:03.550 activities in 6p ELP ml areas all blocks 00:13:08.04000:13:08.050 are still under exploration stage Bureau 00:13:11.16000:13:11.170 report 00:13:11.75900:13:11.769 Rodgers of her TV in time for a very 00:13:15.38900:13:15.399 short break on the program we'll be 00:13:16.80000:13:16.810 right back 00:13:30.97000:13:30.980 in our first segment to policy was today 00:13:33.68000:13:33.690 we will take a closer look at the 00:13:35.36000:13:35.370 obvious policy policy the RBA will be an 00:13:38.24000:13:38.250 inflation targeting organization so its 00:13:41.36000:13:41.370 primary mandate is to ensure that 00:13:42.92000:13:42.930 inflation does not go automatic that 00:13:45.50000:13:45.510 this is a good time going forward when 00:13:48.74000:13:48.750 things are not so bad for and but there 00:13:50.69000:13:50.700 is definitely uncertainty for the future 00:13:52.82000:13:52.830 why not strike now in our next segment 00:13:55.31000:13:55.320 of policy watch we will analyze the top 00:13:57.50000:13:57.510 t commerce policy the policy is being 00:13:59.84000:13:59.850 talked about though for quite some time 00:14:02.69000:14:02.700 a draft has come at a time when there 00:14:05.12000:14:05.130 were concerns also about privacy and 00:14:07.70000:14:07.710 data protection of making the equal 00:14:10.70000:14:10.710 ecommerce policy as a part of the 00:14:13.97000:14:13.980 so-called making India campaign at the 00:14:16.49000:14:16.500 heart of this whole debate is to strike 00:14:18.29000:14:18.300 the balance between being Pro consumer 00:14:20.90000:14:20.910 and pro-business 00:14:24.14000:14:24.15000:14:33.10000:14:33.110 tales that inspire stories of social 00:14:39.43900:14:39.449 change the salute to diversity promoting 00:14:46.79000:14:46.800 public discourse 00:14:50.21000:14:50.220 events that motivate inspiring the 00:14:54.95000:14:54.960 innovative spirit 00:14:57.63900:14:57.649 watch Raja's of her television 00:14:59.81900:14:59.829 documentaries 00:15:01.06000:15:01.07000:15:20.66000:15:20.670 welcome back you're watching in-depth 00:15:22.94900:15:22.959 experts see that shale gas has the 00:15:25.29000:15:25.300 potential to trigger a revolution in the 00:15:27.48000:15:27.490 global energy landscape at present a 00:15:30.15000:15:30.160 small group of countries are energy 00:15:32.10000:15:32.110 suppliers but with shale gas a whole new 00:15:34.94900:15:34.959 group of suppliers could join the market 00:15:37.04900:15:37.059 and the impact could be felt worldwide 00:15:39.32900:15:39.339 the availability of shale gas in the 00:15:41.51900:15:41.529 market would alter prices turn some 00:15:43.82900:15:43.839 producer countries into consumers and 00:15:45.62900:15:45.639 shift the balance of trade in favor of 00:15:48.23900:15:48.249 those would shield in this report let's 00:15:50.73000:15:50.740 look at the countries that have an 00:15:52.17000:15:52.180 abundant domestic resource base of 00:15:54.15000:15:54.160 technically recoverable shale gas the 00:16:00.74900:16:00.759 past few decades have seen shale gas 00:16:02.54900:16:02.559 reduce oil prices in the US economy it 00:16:06.09000:16:06.100 has helped America gradually reduce its 00:16:08.36900:16:08.379 heavy dependence on imported oil for its 00:16:10.43900:16:10.449 energy needs the US Department of Energy 00:16:13.23000:16:13.240 information and administration says that 00:16:15.54000:16:15.550 by 2035 the US will meet 46 percent of 00:16:19.19900:16:19.209 energy consumption by shale gas alone 00:16:21.53000:16:21.540 prospects for shale oil is a bit mixed 00:16:25.19900:16:25.209 in the sense that it is an intermediate 00:16:27.74000:16:27.750 set of an oil and it's not a very easy 00:16:30.09000:16:30.100 to dislodge it's only not an easy to 00:16:32.49000:16:32.500 procure source of well the causes of 00:16:36.96000:16:36.970 geological reasons shell does not come 00:16:39.90000:16:39.910 naturally it's easy to get our field 00:16:43.35000:16:43.360 from where you can get oil where you can 00:16:45.36000:16:45.370 get gas but you cannot get shale while 00:16:48.32900:16:48.339 you can't you get shale because 00:16:49.55900:16:49.569 essentially shale is largely trapped 00:16:51.80900:16:51.819 between the rock formation so shale is 00:16:56.00900:16:56.019 not a very comfortable gas to be able to 00:16:58.47000:16:58.480 extract and that is why till now in the 00:17:01.51900:17:01.529 most countries have not been looking at 00:17:04.94900:17:04.959 a possibility of actually using shale it 00:17:08.42900:17:08.439 took three decades for the shale gas 00:17:10.04900:17:10.059 industry to develop in the u.s. after it 00:17:12.92900:17:12.939 spent millions of dollars on gas 00:17:14.73000:17:14.740 research in the 1980s shale gas and 00:17:18.21000:17:18.220 shale oil is abundant in places like 00:17:20.34000:17:20.350 Michigan Texas Oklahoma Alabama 00:17:23.73000:17:23.740 Colorado and East Virginia until a few 00:17:26.88000:17:26.890 years ago prices of natural gas in the 00:17:29.19000:17:29.200 US were equal to prices in Japan and 00:17:31.44000:17:31.450 Europe 00:17:31.81000:17:31.820 but with the advancement in shale gas 00:17:34.18000:17:34.190 technology prices are now much lower 00:17:36.73000:17:36.740 compared to Japan and Europe for America 00:17:39.61000:17:39.620 it makes a lot of sense 00:17:40.69000:17:40.700 similarly for Russia of course they have 00:17:42.73000:17:42.740 not been that successful but still 00:17:44.17000:17:44.180 that's under country with shale oil has 00:17:46.15000:17:46.160 a has an ability in the Middle East 00:17:48.49000:17:48.500 since they already have huge stocks of 00:17:50.92000:17:50.930 oil the annals of gas they'll not be 00:17:54.82000:17:54.830 very happy to explore shale because that 00:17:57.55000:17:57.560 will actually further add to the supply 00:17:59.59000:17:59.600 and reduce the price of their current 00:18:01.48000:18:01.490 reserves there wasn't any particular 00:18:03.25000:18:03.260 reason to look for shade and those who 00:18:05.98000:18:05.990 are investors who are invested in shale 00:18:08.11000:18:08.120 have were actually making losses it's 00:18:10.93000:18:10.940 only now that once the price of oil has 00:18:14.32000:18:14.330 started moving past well past 40 and 00:18:17.20000:18:17.210 going up almost all 80 that we are more 00:18:20.47000:18:20.480 in a position to be able to use shale as 00:18:25.21000:18:25.220 a substitute to ensure that it can be 00:18:28.09000:18:28.100 sold at around 50 or so according to the 00:18:31.39000:18:31.400 US Energy Information Administration 00:18:32.89000:18:32.900 June 2013 report the estimated 00:18:36.22000:18:36.230 recoverable shale gas resources 00:18:37.96000:18:37.970 accounted for approximately seven 00:18:39.97000:18:39.980 thousand two hundred and ninety nine 00:18:41.41000:18:41.420 trillion cubic feet according to the 00:18:44.08000:18:44.090 report between 2013 and 2015 00:18:46.84000:18:46.850 shale gas reserves in the top eleven 00:18:49.12000:18:49.130 countries of the world were China 1115 00:18:52.87000:18:52.880 trillion cubic feet Argentina eight 00:18:55.09000:18:55.100 hundred two trillion cubic feet Algeria 00:18:57.73000:18:57.740 with seven hundred seven trillion cubic 00:18:59.50000:18:59.510 feet United States with 665 trillion 00:19:02.89000:19:02.900 cubic feet Canada with 573 Mexico with 00:19:07.14000:19:07.150 545 Australia with 437 trillion cubic 00:19:11.11000:19:11.120 feet South Africa with three hundred 00:19:13.30000:19:13.310 ninety Russia with 285 Brazil 245 and 00:19:18.40000:19:18.410 India had 95 trillion cubic feet it's 00:19:22.90000:19:22.910 only not an easy to procure source of 00:19:25.72000:19:25.730 wealth because of geological reasons 00:19:29.43000:19:29.440 shell does not come naturally 00:19:32.65000:19:32.660 it's easy to get our field from where 00:19:35.47000:19:35.480 you can get oil where you can get gas 00:19:37.27000:19:37.280 but you cannot get 00:19:39.19000:19:39.200 why do you can to get shield because 00:19:41.05000:19:41.06000:19:43.30000:19:43.310 between the rock formation according to 00:19:46.87000:19:46.880 a survey in 2016 by a Norwegian company 00:19:49.29000:19:49.300 restart energy the u.s. has 80 percent 00:19:52.69000:19:52.700 of the world's total shale oil reserves 00:19:54.76000:19:54.770 the report also states there are 00:19:56.89000:19:56.900 approximately 6,000 barrels of shale 00:19:59.20000:19:59.210 reserves in the world in terms of 00:20:01.80000:20:01.81000:20:05.47000:20:05.48000:20:08.26000:20:08.27000:20:11.11000:20:11.12000:20:13.93000:20:13.94000:20:17.34000:20:17.35000:20:20.70000:20:20.71000:20:23.68000:20:23.69000:20:25.36000:20:25.37000:20:27.46000:20:27.470 to produce a shale oil or shale gas 00:20:30.75000:20:30.760 different agency has estimated the total 00:20:33.58000:20:33.590 reserve of shale oil or shale gas almost 00:20:38.07000:20:38.080 300 to 500 trillion cubic feet of shale 00:20:42.16000:20:42.170 gas is identified in India by different 00:20:46.21000:20:46.220 agency in sedimentary basins like Kambei 00:20:49.89000:20:49.900 code abbreviation arm elevations 00:20:54.00000:20:54.010 Rajasthan and Ganga basins however the 00:20:57.13000:20:57.140 commercial production is I think it is 00:20:59.11000:20:59.120 not yet started it is in the pilot pilot 00:21:02.41000:21:02.420 project Stace but the huge amount of CBM 00:21:07.48000:21:07.490 is reserved in India mostly in the 00:21:09.70000:21:09.710 Ventana coal coal sediments coal 00:21:12.52000:21:12.530 deposits extraction of shale gas and oil 00:21:15.46000:21:15.470 is a big challenge as compared to other 00:21:17.32000:21:17.330 sources of natural gas being fully 00:21:19.81000:21:19.820 underground shale gas leaves its 00:21:21.73000:21:21.740 footprint in excessive quantity and is 00:21:23.95000:21:23.960 quite different from other conventional 00:21:25.57000:21:25.580 gas sources its production is also quite 00:21:28.30000:21:28.310 difficult since shale gas is stored deep 00:21:31.39000:21:31.400 underground in fine-grained sedimentary 00:21:33.43000:21:33.440 rocks it is extracted using a process 00:21:35.77000:21:35.780 known as hydraulic fracturing it 00:21:38.11000:21:38.120 involves drilling long horizontal wells 00:21:40.48000:21:40.490 in shale rocks more than a kilometer 00:21:42.01000:21:42.020 below the surface 00:21:43.95000:21:43.960 massive quantities of water sand and 00:21:46.02000:21:46.030 chemicals are pumped into the wells at 00:21:48.09000:21:48.100 high pressure this opens up fissures in 00:21:50.94000:21:50.950 the shale which are held opened by the 00:21:52.86000:21:52.870 sands enabling the trapped gas to escape 00:21:55.17000:21:55.180 to the surface for collection but 00:21:57.72000:21:57.730 because the process requires a lot of 00:21:59.70000:21:59.710 drilling it also harms the Environmental 00:22:01.98000:22:01.990 Law Bureau report Francis of RTV 00:22:05.17000:22:05.18000:22:16.27000:22:16.280 and the tip from us in today's edition 00:22:19.48000:22:19.490 of in-depth will be back same time 00:22:21.43000:22:21.440 tomorrow with a focus on another subject 00:22:23.35000:22:23.360 you can also watch our episodes online 00:22:25.24000:22:25.250 on YouTube and Twitter and get back to 00:22:27.70000:22:27.710 us with your feedback and suggestions 00:22:29.44000:22:29.450 thanks for your time 00:22:31.69000:22:31.70000:22:41.56000:22:41.57000:22:43.48000:22:43.490
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