00:00:06.830 heat and cold shakespeare told us to 00:00:10.91000:00:10.920 fear no more the heat of the Sun nor the 00:00:13.54900:00:13.559 Furious winters rages and natural gas 00:00:16.40000:00:16.410 now rises above other fuels to beat 00:00:19.16000:00:19.170 those forces back natural gas is 00:00:22.09900:00:22.109 abundant at least in some parts of the 00:00:24.41000:00:24.420 world but how do we get it from regions 00:00:26.83900:00:26.849 that have it to regions that don't so we 00:00:30.16900:00:30.179 cool natural gas until it condenses into 00:00:32.69000:00:32.700 a compact liquid now we can ship it on 00:00:35.51000:00:35.520 special tankers natural gas is mostly 00:00:38.18000:00:38.190 methane with varying amounts of other 00:00:40.04000:00:40.050 hydrocarbons and impurities that can 00:00:42.70900:00:42.719 freeze and fouled equipment we remove 00:00:45.65000:00:45.660 the impurities in the pretreatment area 00:00:47.72000:00:47.730 of the LNG plant here we also remove 00:00:50.51000:00:50.520 heavy hydrocarbons inert gases and other 00:00:53.33000:00:53.340 gases that accompany the methane that is 00:00:55.40000:00:55.410 natural gas now we can begin to liquefy 00:00:59.18000:00:59.190 this clean gas many technologies can do 00:01:02.27000:01:02.280 that but all are based on the same 00:01:04.07000:01:04.080 cyclic process that serves our kitchen 00:01:06.32000:01:06.330 refrigerators that means we need some 00:01:08.78000:01:08.790 kind of refrigerant to remove heat from 00:01:10.67000:01:10.680 the gas so it will condense into liquid 00:01:13.10000:01:13.110 here's how it works first the liquid 00:01:16.13000:01:16.140 refrigerant expands from a high pressure 00:01:17.92900:01:17.939 to a low pressure turning it into a cold 00:01:20.57000:01:20.580 mixture of liquid and some vapor next it 00:01:23.87000:01:23.880 passes through a heat exchanger that 00:01:25.58000:01:25.590 uses heat from the natural gas to turn 00:01:27.67900:01:27.689 the refrigerant into pure vapor the 00:01:30.62000:01:30.630 natural gas is now a lot colder and we 00:01:33.05000:01:33.060 can compress the refrigerant back to its 00:01:34.94000:01:34.950 high pressure we cool the hot 00:01:36.89000:01:36.900 refrigerant in another heat exchanger 00:01:38.87000:01:38.880 until it condenses back into liquid then 00:01:41.45000:01:41.460 we expand the refrigerant again to 00:01:43.60900:01:43.619 repeat the cycle the key to cooling and 00:01:46.60900:01:46.619 condensing natural gas into LNG is 00:01:48.74000:01:48.750 flashing the liquid refrigerant and once 00:01:51.95000:01:51.960 the gas is LNG we store it in tanks at 00:01:54.95000:01:54.960 very nearly atmospheric pressure liquid 00:01:57.67900:01:57.689 natural gas looks like water except that 00:02:00.10900:02:00.119 it boils off at room temperature it's 00:02:02.51000:02:02.520 odorless colorless non-toxic and 00:02:04.78900:02:04.799 virtually non flammable 00:02:07.06000:02:07.070 the cryogenic LNG stays in these storage 00:02:09.88000:02:09.890 tanks at a constant temperature between 00:02:11.98000:02:11.990 minus 159 and 160 to Celsius evaporation 00:02:17.02000:02:17.030 helps keep it cooled and liquid while 00:02:18.91000:02:18.920 it's stored on land or in the ship we 00:02:21.43000:02:21.440 capture the vapors and either burn them 00:02:23.56000:02:23.570 for fuel or weari condense them and send 00:02:26.23000:02:26.240 them back to storage who then uses the 00:02:29.35000:02:29.360 LNG typically a power plant or 00:02:31.81000:02:31.820 industrial user they convert the liquid 00:02:34.33000:02:34.340 back to a gas so it can be burned as a 00:02:36.34000:02:36.350 fuel or used as a feedstock more than 00:02:39.67000:02:39.680 half of today's LNG comes from just four 00:02:41.92000:02:41.930 countries Qatar Indonesia Australia and 00:02:45.25000:02:45.260 Malaysia but that soon likely to shift 00:02:47.71000:02:47.720 new natural gas discoveries promise to 00:02:50.53000:02:50.540 sent Australia the US and Africa to the 00:02:53.56000:02:53.570 forefront the companies that build these 00:02:56.19900:02:56.209 plants have much to think about who will 00:02:58.66000:02:58.670 buy their gas how best to meet buyer 00:03:01.17000:03:01.180 specifications how much LNG will buyers 00:03:04.24000:03:04.250 want another thing buyers have to make 00:03:07.42000:03:07.430 long-term commitments before suppliers 00:03:09.52000:03:09.530 can invest in new units if this is a 00:03:13.84000:03:13.850 golden age for natural gas it rests upon 00:03:16.60000:03:16.610 vast ingenuity and daring what gulfs of 00:03:21.25000:03:21.260 heat them cold we must cross to provide 00:03:23.83000:03:23.840 that elixir of warmth anywhere in the 00:03:26.97900:03:26.989 world 00:03:27.99000:03:28.000 Oh
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12