LNG 101 - Pt. 2 Liquefaction

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Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:06.830
heat and cold shakespeare told us to
00:00:10.910 00:00:10.920 fear no more the heat of the Sun nor the
00:00:13.549 00:00:13.559 Furious winters rages and natural gas
00:00:16.400 00:00:16.410 now rises above other fuels to beat
00:00:19.160 00:00:19.170 those forces back natural gas is
00:00:22.099 00:00:22.109 abundant at least in some parts of the
00:00:24.410 00:00:24.420 world but how do we get it from regions
00:00:26.839 00:00:26.849 that have it to regions that don't so we
00:00:30.169 00:00:30.179 cool natural gas until it condenses into
00:00:32.690 00:00:32.700 a compact liquid now we can ship it on
00:00:35.510 00:00:35.520 special tankers natural gas is mostly
00:00:38.180 00:00:38.190 methane with varying amounts of other
00:00:40.040 00:00:40.050 hydrocarbons and impurities that can
00:00:42.709 00:00:42.719 freeze and fouled equipment we remove
00:00:45.650 00:00:45.660 the impurities in the pretreatment area
00:00:47.720 00:00:47.730 of the LNG plant here we also remove
00:00:50.510 00:00:50.520 heavy hydrocarbons inert gases and other
00:00:53.330 00:00:53.340 gases that accompany the methane that is
00:00:55.400 00:00:55.410 natural gas now we can begin to liquefy
00:00:59.180 00:00:59.190 this clean gas many technologies can do
00:01:02.270 00:01:02.280 that but all are based on the same
00:01:04.070 00:01:04.080 cyclic process that serves our kitchen
00:01:06.320 00:01:06.330 refrigerators that means we need some
00:01:08.780 00:01:08.790 kind of refrigerant to remove heat from
00:01:10.670 00:01:10.680 the gas so it will condense into liquid
00:01:13.100 00:01:13.110 here's how it works first the liquid
00:01:16.130 00:01:16.140 refrigerant expands from a high pressure
00:01:17.929 00:01:17.939 to a low pressure turning it into a cold
00:01:20.570 00:01:20.580 mixture of liquid and some vapor next it
00:01:23.870 00:01:23.880 passes through a heat exchanger that
00:01:25.580 00:01:25.590 uses heat from the natural gas to turn
00:01:27.679 00:01:27.689 the refrigerant into pure vapor the
00:01:30.620 00:01:30.630 natural gas is now a lot colder and we
00:01:33.050 00:01:33.060 can compress the refrigerant back to its
00:01:34.940 00:01:34.950 high pressure we cool the hot
00:01:36.890 00:01:36.900 refrigerant in another heat exchanger
00:01:38.870 00:01:38.880 until it condenses back into liquid then
00:01:41.450 00:01:41.460 we expand the refrigerant again to
00:01:43.609 00:01:43.619 repeat the cycle the key to cooling and
00:01:46.609 00:01:46.619 condensing natural gas into LNG is
00:01:48.740 00:01:48.750 flashing the liquid refrigerant and once
00:01:51.950 00:01:51.960 the gas is LNG we store it in tanks at
00:01:54.950 00:01:54.960 very nearly atmospheric pressure liquid
00:01:57.679 00:01:57.689 natural gas looks like water except that
00:02:00.109 00:02:00.119 it boils off at room temperature it's
00:02:02.510 00:02:02.520 odorless colorless non-toxic and
00:02:04.789 00:02:04.799 virtually non flammable
00:02:07.060 00:02:07.070 the cryogenic LNG stays in these storage
00:02:09.880 00:02:09.890 tanks at a constant temperature between
00:02:11.980 00:02:11.990 minus 159 and 160 to Celsius evaporation
00:02:17.020 00:02:17.030 helps keep it cooled and liquid while
00:02:18.910 00:02:18.920 it's stored on land or in the ship we
00:02:21.430 00:02:21.440 capture the vapors and either burn them
00:02:23.560 00:02:23.570 for fuel or weari condense them and send
00:02:26.230 00:02:26.240 them back to storage who then uses the
00:02:29.350 00:02:29.360 LNG typically a power plant or
00:02:31.810 00:02:31.820 industrial user they convert the liquid
00:02:34.330 00:02:34.340 back to a gas so it can be burned as a
00:02:36.340 00:02:36.350 fuel or used as a feedstock more than
00:02:39.670 00:02:39.680 half of today's LNG comes from just four
00:02:41.920 00:02:41.930 countries Qatar Indonesia Australia and
00:02:45.250 00:02:45.260 Malaysia but that soon likely to shift
00:02:47.710 00:02:47.720 new natural gas discoveries promise to
00:02:50.530 00:02:50.540 sent Australia the US and Africa to the
00:02:53.560 00:02:53.570 forefront the companies that build these
00:02:56.199 00:02:56.209 plants have much to think about who will
00:02:58.660 00:02:58.670 buy their gas how best to meet buyer
00:03:01.170 00:03:01.180 specifications how much LNG will buyers
00:03:04.240 00:03:04.250 want another thing buyers have to make
00:03:07.420 00:03:07.430 long-term commitments before suppliers
00:03:09.520 00:03:09.530 can invest in new units if this is a
00:03:13.840 00:03:13.850 golden age for natural gas it rests upon
00:03:16.600 00:03:16.610 vast ingenuity and daring what gulfs of
00:03:21.250 00:03:21.260 heat them cold we must cross to provide
00:03:23.830 00:03:23.840 that elixir of warmth anywhere in the
00:03:26.979 00:03:26.989 world
00:03:27.990 00:03:28.000 Oh
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Engineering company LOTUS®
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Phone: +7 343 216 77 75

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