LNG 101 - Pt. 5 Heat Exchangers

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Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:08.059
he constantly flows from hot to cold all
00:00:11.330 00:00:11.340 around us take the whooping crane it
00:00:13.880 00:00:13.890 stands hours on end in cold water how
00:00:17.030 00:00:17.040 does it warm its legs well its legs
00:00:19.550 00:00:19.560 serve as heat exchangers warm blood
00:00:22.640 00:00:22.650 flows down its legs heating the cold
00:00:24.980 00:00:24.990 blood that flows back up we call that a
00:00:27.560 00:00:27.570 counter flow heat exchanger heat
00:00:30.080 00:00:30.090 transfer is everywhere in nature it's
00:00:32.750 00:00:32.760 everywhere in the machinery of everyday
00:00:34.700 00:00:34.710 life and an exchange of heat is how we
00:00:36.979 00:00:36.989 turn natural gas into liquid LNG plants
00:00:40.580 00:00:40.590 generally use three types of heat
00:00:42.680 00:00:42.690 exchangers fin fan exchangers much like
00:00:45.740 00:00:45.750 those on the backs of our refrigerators
00:00:47.660 00:00:47.670 cool the refrigerants but the heart of
00:00:50.299 00:00:50.309 an LNG plant is the exchanger that cools
00:00:53.030 00:00:53.040 in the natural gas the two types are
00:00:55.580 00:00:55.590 coil wound and plate fin coil wound heat
00:00:58.729 00:00:58.739 exchangers have been around the longest
00:01:00.260 00:01:00.270 they evolved from 19th century
00:01:02.660 00:01:02.670 locomotive boilers today we wind
00:01:05.329 00:01:05.339 multiple layers of tubes inside a
00:01:07.490 00:01:07.500 pressure vessel shell natural gas and
00:01:10.249 00:01:10.259 high pressure refrigerant both cool as
00:01:12.650 00:01:12.660 they flow up inside the tubes a very
00:01:15.320 00:01:15.330 cold refrigerant flows down around the
00:01:18.139 00:01:18.149 tubes in the shell those wound tubes can
00:01:20.990 00:01:21.000 provide a heating surface as great as
00:01:23.410 00:01:23.420 40,000 square meters these units are
00:01:26.510 00:01:26.520 compact but they're big one might weigh
00:01:29.180 00:01:29.190 over 250 tons and look like a gigantic
00:01:32.960 00:01:32.970 spark plug or maybe like a Saturn rocket
00:01:36.539 00:01:36.549 we can build these units for all kinds
00:01:38.880 00:01:38.890 of fluids pressures and temperature
00:01:40.620 00:01:40.630 ranges they transfer an amazing amount
00:01:43.230 00:01:43.240 of heat in a given space the other
00:01:45.870 00:01:45.880 widely used LNG exchanger is the plate
00:01:48.810 00:01:48.820 fin type they're smaller and lighter
00:01:51.359 00:01:51.369 than coil wound exchangers and we can
00:01:53.999 00:01:54.009 easily scale them from small to large
00:01:55.919 00:01:55.929 sizes a look inside shows how it works
00:01:59.340 00:01:59.350 fluids move through alternating layers
00:02:01.469 00:02:01.479 of corrugated fins separated by flat
00:02:03.990 00:02:04.000 plates transferring heat between natural
00:02:06.359 00:02:06.369 gas and refrigerants those fins enhance
00:02:09.419 00:02:09.429 heat transfer from the fluid and they
00:02:11.580 00:02:11.590 conduct more heat directly into the
00:02:13.740 00:02:13.750 plates these layers of fins and plates
00:02:16.559 00:02:16.569 can be combined in many configurations
00:02:18.530 00:02:18.540 we arrange the flows so as to optimize
00:02:21.509 00:02:21.519 the heat transfer the aluminum plates
00:02:24.509 00:02:24.519 are braised together we attach headers
00:02:27.240 00:02:27.250 to the stack to direct the streams of
00:02:29.100 00:02:29.110 refrigerants and the natural gas then we
00:02:31.589 00:02:31.599 install all this in a cold box this
00:02:34.289 00:02:34.299 heavily insulated box keeps everything
00:02:36.630 00:02:36.640 cold that gives operators more
00:02:38.970 00:02:38.980 flexibility during steady and changing
00:02:41.069 00:02:41.079 conditions plate fin exchangers transfer
00:02:43.770 00:02:43.780 around six times as much heat in a given
00:02:46.140 00:02:46.150 space as coil wild exchangers do but
00:02:49.050 00:02:49.060 coil round exchangers can hold pressures
00:02:51.300 00:02:51.310 all the way up to 250 times one
00:02:54.030 00:02:54.040 atmosphere and we can make them from
00:02:56.520 00:02:56.530 different materials so two different
00:03:00.420 00:03:00.430 heat exchangers each finds its place in
00:03:03.030 00:03:03.040 specific liquefaction processes that we
00:03:05.490 00:03:05.500 humans have designed and developed over
00:03:07.589 00:03:07.599 decades and we finally achieve on a vast
00:03:11.069 00:03:11.079 scale but that whooping cranes legs have
00:03:13.860 00:03:13.870 long done in cold tidal waters
00:03:17.590 00:03:17.600 you
00:03:28.340 00:03:28.350
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