00:00:54.030 cargo loss or damage accounts for one in 00:00:57.17000:00:57.180 for me 00:01:03.80000:01:03.810 you 00:02:00.84900:02:00.859 misinformed opponents of gas ships have 00:02:03.85900:02:03.869 portrayed them as bombs waiting to go 00:02:06.13900:02:06.149 off in fact they're among the safest 00:02:09.97900:02:09.989 ships afloat over 900 ships 00:02:16.69900:02:16.709 lift 50 million tons of liquid petroleum 00:02:19.00900:02:19.019 gas LPG each year as well as 20 million 00:02:25.25000:02:25.260 tons of ammonia and petrochemical gases 00:02:32.49000:02:32.500 more than 200 ships carry a hundred and 00:02:35.92000:02:35.930 fifty million tons of liquefied natural 00:02:37.81000:02:37.820 gas LNG each year 50,000 voyages with no 00:02:44.38000:02:44.390 major incident or gas escaping why have 00:02:51.64000:02:51.650 there been so few gas cargo claims gas 00:02:58.48000:02:58.490 ships are built to the highest standards 00:03:00.55000:03:00.560 and are technically advanced positive 00:03:05.62000:03:05.630 tank pressure prevents the creation of 00:03:07.93000:03:07.940 flammable gas air mixtures closed 00:03:12.58000:03:12.590 loading systems double hulls and cargo 00:03:15.70000:03:15.710 containment designs minimize the chance 00:03:18.34000:03:18.350 of cargo escaping 00:03:23.36000:03:23.370 being expensive to build gas ships are 00:03:26.60000:03:26.610 very valuable assets as a consequence 00:03:31.55000:03:31.560 they are well maintained some may exceed 00:03:43.75900:03:43.769 40 years of service 00:03:49.72000:03:49.730 looking at the human factor gas ships 00:03:52.52000:03:52.530 are operated by a small pool of 00:03:54.68000:03:54.690 experienced operators and skilled crew 00:03:58.63000:03:58.640 most LNG carriers trade on project 00:04:01.67000:04:01.680 contracts shuttling between familiar 00:04:04.94000:04:04.950 ports of call this plus above-average 00:04:09.59000:04:09.600 Manning levels and high quality training 00:04:11.68000:04:11.690 have kept down incidents caused by human 00:04:14.78000:04:14.790 error 00:04:21.72000:04:21.730 gas terminals also employ advanced 00:04:24.33000:04:24.340 technology and also but safety first but 00:04:29.52000:04:29.530 ahead of gas shipping lies turbulent 00:04:31.98000:04:31.990 change 00:04:39.90000:04:39.910 global economic growth is increasingly 00:04:42.51000:04:42.520 dependent on gas to meet the rapidly 00:04:47.34000:04:47.350 rising demand requires new suppliers new 00:04:52.26000:04:52.270 ships new oceans to navigate new 00:04:58.47000:04:58.480 technology including new means of 00:05:01.11000:05:01.120 propulsion and new ways of doing 00:05:06.21000:05:06.220 business with pressure on freight rates 00:05:10.05000:05:10.060 and disputes over quantity and quality 00:05:14.33000:05:14.340 gassing up and cooling downtime and loss 00:05:18.78000:05:18.790 of hire we had extremely perhaps the 00:05:24.81000:05:24.820 biggest concern of all is will there be 00:05:27.09000:05:27.100 enough skilled and experienced manpower 00:05:29.43000:05:29.440 to do all the new jobs properly the UK 00:05:37.38000:05:37.390 club knows that in terms of cargo claims 00:05:39.87000:05:39.880 gas ships have a record second to none 00:05:46.32000:05:46.330 the challenge is to maintain today's 00:05:49.51000:05:49.520 high standards through a period of rapid 00:05:52.14900:05:52.159 expansion and change by focusing on 00:05:56.70900:05:56.719 current best practice this video aims to 00:06:00.04000:06:00.050 help achieve that goal 00:06:19.27000:06:19.280 an LNG carrier in a long-term project 00:06:21.94000:06:21.950 and an LPG ship trading in the spot 00:06:25.00000:06:25.010 market will interact with terminals in 00:06:27.46000:06:27.470 quite different ways but whatever the 00:06:31.84000:06:31.850 trade all ship and terminal operators 00:06:34.60000:06:34.610 have important things in common how 00:06:38.89000:06:38.900 often are we going to return to check 00:06:41.50000:06:41.510 the moorings they must be familiar with 00:06:44.98000:06:44.990 each other's facilities and methods they 00:06:56.89000:06:56.900 must agree who is responsible for what 00:07:01.23000:07:01.240 and they must communicate effectively 00:07:06.70000:07:06.710 before and throughout the port call 00:07:19.72000:07:19.730 [Music] 00:07:21.48000:07:21.490 arrive in Ghent 00:07:23.98000:07:23.990 this afternoon before chartering a ship 00:07:27.34000:07:27.350 the charterer must obtain information 00:07:29.29000:07:29.300 from the ship operator and from the 00:07:31.75000:07:31.760 terminals its proposed to use to make 00:07:34.21000:07:34.220 sure that ship and jetties are 00:07:36.04000:07:36.050 compatible essential basic 00:07:41.50000:07:41.510 considerations include the ship's length 00:07:45.00000:07:45.010 draft 00:07:47.21000:07:47.220 Dec layout and mooring equipment and the 00:07:52.58000:07:52.590 height of the manifold above waterline 00:07:57.37000:07:57.380 terminals we'll also want to know the 00:07:59.48000:07:59.490 capacities of cargo tanks cargo pumps 00:08:04.91000:08:04.920 and any real iqua faction plant with 00:08:12.32000:08:12.330 four types of emergency shut down link 00:08:14.39000:08:14.400 in common use it's vital to confirm the 00:08:17.51000:08:17.520 chip and sure equipment is compatible 00:08:24.75000:08:24.760 providing this information and much more 00:08:27.90000:08:27.910 his faster and easier when the ship 00:08:30.66000:08:30.670 operator has compiled it in advance 00:08:37.63900:08:37.649 before arrival at the discharge port the 00:08:40.48900:08:40.499 ship must make sure it has the 00:08:41.98900:08:41.999 information it needs to berth more and 00:08:44.96000:08:44.970 discharge cargo safely and efficiently 00:08:52.22000:08:52.230 direct contact should be established as 00:08:54.59000:08:54.600 soon as possible allowing ship and Shore 00:08:57.08000:08:57.090 to update each other yes good afternoon 00:09:06.32000:09:06.330 mr. pilot we have the go trip RAM cards 00:09:08.12000:09:08.130 though whenever possible the ship's 00:09:09.74000:09:09.750 mooring plan should be agreed with the 00:09:11.78000:09:11.790 terminal in advance what is the 00:09:13.67000:09:13.680 intention now we go port side or 00:09:15.89000:09:15.900 starboard side alongside ports and the 00:09:19.73000:09:19.740 mooring arrangement will be totaled - - 00:09:21.83000:09:21.840 yes on smaller vessels mooring details 00:09:25.31000:09:25.320 should be discussed with the pilot to 00:09:27.59000:09:27.600 enable the ship to be brought safely 00:09:29.03000:09:29.040 alongside remember confirm ship and 00:09:37.76000:09:37.770 Shore equipment is compatible agree a 00:09:43.55000:09:43.560 mooring plan in advance communicate with 00:09:49.52000:09:49.530 the terminal throughout the port call 00:10:04.15000:10:04.160 captain did you receive our pre arrival 00:10:07.15000:10:07.160 information yes we did receive your 00:10:10.63000:10:10.640 payroll information everything is done 00:10:13.18000:10:13.190 according to your requirement 00:10:14.92000:10:14.930 the first priority on arrival for both 00:10:17.23000:10:17.240 ship and Shore staff is to check that 00:10:19.66000:10:19.670 all necessary health safety 00:10:21.96000:10:21.970 environmental and security measures are 00:10:24.70000:10:24.710 in place terminal staff will want to 00:10:28.63000:10:28.640 confirm that the ship has performed any 00:10:31.06000:10:31.070 equipment inspections or tests required 00:10:33.43000:10:33.440 and your emergency shutdown systems they 00:10:36.37000:10:36.380 have been tested and satisfactory yes we 00:10:40.03000:10:40.040 test to emergency shutdown system 00:10:43.90000:10:43.910 pneumatic and electric system everything 00:10:46.87000:10:46.880 can stay in good condition everything 00:10:48.73000:10:48.740 very good the ship's offices will want 00:10:53.23000:10:53.240 to be certain that the terminal 00:10:54.91000:10:54.920 equipment is satisfactory 00:10:57.27000:10:57.280 John during last loading we noticed that 00:11:01.99000:11:02.000 you had some problem with you're 00:11:03.49000:11:03.500 automatically system yes we did captain 00:11:06.37000:11:06.380 but it has been repaired and tested and 00:11:09.07000:11:09.080 it's all satisfactory now ship and Shore 00:11:11.38000:11:11.390 are jointly responsible for handling 00:11:13.66000:11:13.670 cargo safely but now they must agree who 00:11:17.29000:11:17.300 precisely will be responsible for what 00:11:21.73000:11:21.740 the Escott ship Shore checklist is 00:11:24.10000:11:24.110 generally used to create an effective 00:11:26.62000:11:26.630 safety contract captain is the ship 00:11:29.47000:11:29.480 ready to move under her own power it 00:11:32.08000:11:32.090 covers over 50 aspects of safety 00:11:34.29000:11:34.300 including gas detection fire and 00:11:37.24000:11:37.250 pollution prevention toxic hazards and 00:11:39.81000:11:39.820 emergency shutdown procedures thirty-six 00:11:47.47000:11:47.480 smoking rooms of your smoking room has 00:11:50.47000:11:50.480 been identified yes as usual for your 00:11:53.74000:11:53.750 terminal we have three designated smoke 00:11:57.01000:11:57.020 in the room the checklist must never be 00:12:01.24000:12:01.250 treated as a paper exercise every item 00:12:04.63000:12:04.640 must be examined and reported accurately 00:12:08.61000:12:08.620 this enables ship and terminal to check 00:12:11.74000:12:11.750 their preparations and to demonstrate to 00:12:14.29000:12:14.300 each other that they are in a fit state 00:12:15.97000:12:15.980 to proceed with the cargo operation but 00:12:20.65000:12:20.660 don't be talked into signing any 00:12:22.48000:12:22.490 document that contains unfamiliar terms 00:12:25.27000:12:25.280 and conditions refer it to the ship 00:12:29.29000:12:29.300 owner who can call on the UK club for 00:12:32.23000:12:32.240 expert advice 00:12:41.60900:12:41.619 okay sir let's make an operation 00:12:44.52900:12:44.539 agreement like the safety checklist the 00:12:47.70900:12:47.719 cargo plan should also be agreed in 00:12:50.25900:12:50.269 writing the floor we can make 600 cubic 00:12:57.69900:12:57.709 an hour 00:12:58.55900:12:58.569 besides the total quantities of cargo to 00:13:01.17900:13:01.189 be loaded it should include the order of 00:13:04.20900:13:04.219 loading transfer rates temperatures and 00:13:07.35900:13:07.369 pressures after discharging the vapor 00:13:14.70900:13:14.719 return procedures should be agreed and 00:13:16.47900:13:16.489 noted as well as plans for tank venting 00:13:19.44900:13:19.459 and ballast operations where they're 00:13:22.29900:13:22.309 permitted 00:13:25.29000:13:25.300 make sure you're given a valid inhibitor 00:13:27.69000:13:27.700 certificate for cargo such as butadiene 00:13:30.27000:13:30.280 and vinyl chloride 00:13:37.79000:13:37.800 the law says all ships must be provided 00:13:40.79000:13:40.800 with stability guidelines 00:13:46.26000:13:46.270 these must be followed closely they're 00:13:51.00000:13:51.010 calculated to limit stress and keep the 00:13:53.49000:13:53.500 ship stable not just in normal 00:13:57.03000:13:57.040 circumstances but even when damaged 00:14:04.76000:14:04.770 tank filling levels can be critical room 00:14:08.87000:14:08.880 captain speaking 00:14:10.13000:14:10.140 please take ballast 40% in bloom ton in 00:14:16.82000:14:16.830 heavy weather pitching and rolling make 00:14:19.40000:14:19.410 cargos slush especially in large 00:14:22.51900:14:22.529 membrane tanks with no centerline 00:14:24.74000:14:24.750 bulkhead typically these must be filled 00:14:30.76900:14:30.779 more than 80 percent or less than 10% 00:14:36.76000:14:36.770 these limits aren't a problem for a ship 00:14:39.47000:14:39.480 that's part of a project but may be a 00:14:41.84000:14:41.850 disadvantage when trading part loads in 00:14:44.66000:14:44.670 an open market ignoring them has caused 00:14:49.34000:14:49.350 serious damage to tanks and internal 00:14:51.94900:14:51.959 fittings 00:15:00.73000:15:00.740 there are potential hazards in the cargo 00:15:03.31000:15:03.320 manifold area 00:15:07.88000:15:07.890 before disconnecting any flange or blank 00:15:10.57900:15:10.589 make sure the pipeline is free of liquid 00:15:13.81900:15:13.829 cargo depressurized and if appropriate 00:15:17.07900:15:17.089 purged with nitrogen 00:15:21.63900:15:21.649 don't let air or other contaminants 00:15:24.31000:15:24.320 re-enter tanks via the cargo pipelines 00:15:32.42000:15:32.430 reducers are often used between 00:15:34.77000:15:34.780 manifolds and hard arms but if the two 00:15:39.24000:15:39.250 still don't meet no one should use odd 00:15:42.03000:15:42.040 bits of pipe or hose to bridge the gap 00:15:45.80000:15:45.810 these may not have an appropriate safe 00:15:48.60000:15:48.610 working temperature 00:15:55.30000:15:55.310 only use hard arms that match the 00:15:57.75900:15:57.769 manifold and accept a slower but safer 00:16:00.85000:16:00.860 transfer rate 00:16:04.43000:16:04.440 how cargo vapors are controlled during 00:16:06.76900:16:06.779 loading will depend on the type of ship 00:16:09.23000:16:09.240 the type of trade and the terminal ships 00:16:19.99900:16:20.009 carrying refrigerated LPG often pass 00:16:23.09000:16:23.100 excess vapor through their onboard real 00:16:25.61000:16:25.620 aqua faction plant and return the 00:16:27.82900:16:27.839 condensed gas to the cargo tanks real 00:16:34.18900:16:34.199 aqua faction plants are being fitted to 00:16:36.25900:16:36.269 the new generation of diesel-powered LNG 00:16:38.90000:16:38.910 ships but in the majority of LNG ships 00:16:42.99900:16:43.009 vapors that boil off at sea are used to 00:16:46.22000:16:46.230 fire the boilers of steam turbine 00:16:48.13900:16:48.149 engines in these ships gas generated in 00:16:55.36900:16:55.379 the tanks during loading is returned to 00:16:57.53000:16:57.540 the shore through a vapor return line 00:17:04.97000:17:04.980 the high pressure used when loading 00:17:07.59000:17:07.600 fully pressurized chips condenses vapor 00:17:10.52900:17:10.539 as it forms but some LPG terminals still 00:17:16.19900:17:16.209 provide a vapor return line as a safety 00:17:18.86900:17:18.879 measure only to be used if tank 00:17:21.17900:17:21.189 pressures become excessive during 00:17:23.12900:17:23.139 loading take great care to avoid such 00:17:30.93000:17:30.940 events to avoid contamination of Shore 00:17:36.81000:17:36.820 tanks any returned LPG may be flared 00:17:43.07000:17:43.080 this can lead to disputes over the 00:17:45.84000:17:45.850 amount of cargo loaded 00:17:54.17000:17:54.180 the relief valves of some ships have 00:17:56.72000:17:56.730 dual settings to allow higher tank 00:17:59.33000:17:59.340 pressures during loading than when at 00:18:01.34000:18:01.350 sea 00:18:05.04000:18:05.050 settings must only be changed by 00:18:07.32000:18:07.330 competent staff and any change must be 00:18:10.32000:18:10.330 locked 00:18:16.09000:18:16.100 high-pressure alarms must also be reset 00:18:19.27000:18:19.280 and both must be returned to the 00:18:21.78900:18:21.799 seagoing settings before the ship 00:18:24.03900:18:24.049 departs 00:18:30.89000:18:30.900 loading begins now and throughout the 00:18:36.32000:18:36.330 cargo operation a close watch must be 00:18:38.81000:18:38.820 kept on flow rates tank pressures liquid 00:18:42.38000:18:42.390 levels and temperatures their rates of 00:18:46.37000:18:46.380 change should also be carefully noted if 00:18:52.94000:18:52.950 excess pressure threatens to lift relief 00:18:55.19000:18:55.200 valves flow rates must be reduced or 00:18:57.92000:18:57.930 loading stopped sudden and extreme 00:19:05.48000:19:05.490 changes of temperature flash cooling can 00:19:08.99000:19:09.000 damage tanks and pipelines to avoid this 00:19:14.26000:19:14.270 pressurized chips 00:19:15.91900:19:15.929 start to load very slowly 00:19:22.46000:19:22.470 take care monitoring liquid levels 00:19:26.86000:19:26.870 boiling can create false readings this 00:19:30.89000:19:30.900 can be suppressed by closing the tanks 00:19:33.26000:19:33.270 vapor suction for a few moments 00:19:40.61000:19:40.620 an independent inspector will often be 00:19:43.25000:19:43.260 on board to report on the quantity and 00:19:45.50000:19:45.510 quality of the cargo but he's not there 00:19:53.12000:19:53.130 to manage the operation that's the chief 00:19:56.33000:19:56.340 officers job and the master is 00:19:58.94000:19:58.950 ultimately responsible an inspector is 00:20:05.12000:20:05.130 as prone to error as the next man so 00:20:08.45000:20:08.460 it's essential to monitor his work when 00:20:13.15900:20:13.169 you ask him to note a comment he should 00:20:15.40900:20:15.419 do so if he doesn't log it instead and 00:20:19.43000:20:19.440 make sure the ship owner is made aware 00:20:23.52900:20:23.539 when there's a list it's always this 00:20:27.32000:20:27.330 problem so no it's calculated 00:20:30.55000:20:30.560 places do you have experience on all the 00:20:34.69000:20:34.700 trim and this is all corrective misses 00:20:37.54000:20:37.550 the correct level here you have tables 00:20:39.91000:20:39.920 for this trim correction 0.2 if you 00:20:43.15000:20:43.160 don't agree with an inspectors 00:20:44.56000:20:44.570 interpretation of what he sees try to 00:20:47.32000:20:47.330 reach a commercial solution always 00:20:49.99000:20:50.000 faster and cheaper than a legal dispute 00:20:58.20000:20:58.210 if you can't come to an agreement you 00:21:01.30000:21:01.310 must protest 00:21:02.76000:21:02.770 don't forget the club is there to 00:21:05.71000:21:05.720 support you usually with a correspondent 00:21:08.44000:21:08.450 on the spot 00:21:12.33000:21:12.340 hello this is chief officer of coral 00:21:15.24000:21:15.250 palmata speaking can I speak to mr. get 00:21:19.68000:21:19.690 for them 00:21:25.22000:21:25.230 towards the end of loading make sure 00:21:28.47000:21:28.480 flow rates are reduced as agreed with 00:21:30.57000:21:30.580 the terminal so the tanks can be topped 00:21:33.30000:21:33.310 off accurately manifold valves can then 00:21:44.31000:21:44.320 be closed and pipelines cleared of 00:21:46.65000:21:46.660 liquid and depressurized 00:21:52.51000:21:52.520 safe working practices require hard arms 00:21:55.39000:21:55.400 hoses and pipelines at the manifold to 00:21:58.15000:21:58.160 be purged or vapor before disconnecting 00:22:05.33000:22:05.340 leaking valves and flanges have resulted 00:22:08.38900:22:08.399 in serious incidents 00:22:13.36000:22:13.370 LPG and chemical gas risks include fire 00:22:17.13000:22:17.140 explosion and asphyxiation the lower 00:22:21.34000:22:21.350 temperature of LNG causes structural 00:22:23.89000:22:23.900 damage to ships as well remember check 00:22:32.98000:22:32.990 that all health safety environmentally 00:22:35.41000:22:35.420 and security measures are in place agree 00:22:41.17000:22:41.180 who will be responsible for what agree 00:22:46.81000:22:46.820 the cargo plan and sign it 00:22:53.40000:22:53.410 inspectors make mistakes so monitor 00:22:56.53000:22:56.540 their work if you can't come to an 00:23:00.37000:23:00.380 agreement you must protest the UK club 00:23:05.79900:23:05.809 will support you usually with a 00:23:07.99000:23:08.000 correspondent on the spot 00:23:26.57000:23:26.580 throughout the loaded voyage carry out 00:23:29.24000:23:29.250 charter as instructions diligently and a 00:23:31.97000:23:31.980 record that you've done so 00:23:37.23000:23:37.240 all refrigerated and semi pressurized 00:23:39.84000:23:39.850 gas carriers need to maintain strict 00:23:42.53900:23:42.549 control of cargo temperature and 00:23:44.43000:23:44.440 pressure 00:23:49.16000:23:49.170 many lpg cargoes are required to be 00:23:52.19000:23:52.200 discharged at a temperature below that 00:23:54.44000:23:54.450 of the shore tanks and must therefore be 00:23:56.72000:23:56.730 cooled 00:24:04.28000:24:04.290 this isn't always straight forward if 00:24:10.59000:24:10.600 condensed gas from the relocker faction 00:24:12.69000:24:12.700 plant is returned to the top of a tank 00:24:14.52000:24:14.530 the vapor pressure will quickly drop but 00:24:18.03000:24:18.040 the liquid cargo will have cooled very 00:24:20.19000:24:20.200 little to ensure proper circulation and 00:24:26.85000:24:26.860 cooling the condensed gas should be 00:24:29.55000:24:29.560 returned to the bottom of the tank 00:24:36.68000:24:36.690 remember inhibitors won't stop cargoes 00:24:39.75000:24:39.760 polymerizing in their vapor phase 00:24:45.26000:24:45.270 for cargo such as butadiene and vinyl 00:24:48.02000:24:48.030 chloride select a suitable maximum 00:24:51.05000:24:51.060 discharge temperature for the compressor 00:25:00.67000:25:00.680 heavy weather can play havoc with cargo 00:25:03.52000:25:03.530 cooling 00:25:07.35000:25:07.360 as the ship rolls liquid cargo may enter 00:25:11.49000:25:11.500 the compressor by the vapor suction line 00:25:13.77000:25:13.780 and disable it check the liquid traps 00:25:19.23000:25:19.240 regularly and test the level alarms 00:25:29.68000:25:29.690 if conditions disrupt cargo cooling 00:25:32.19000:25:32.200 logging the fact can help defend any 00:25:35.20000:25:35.210 claims against the ship 00:25:44.98000:25:44.990 if the cargo heater is to be used at the 00:25:47.38000:25:47.390 discharge port testing it for leaks 00:25:49.77900:25:49.789 before arrival can save long and costly 00:25:52.99000:25:53.000 delays 00:25:59.46000:25:59.470 on most LNG carriers natural boiler 00:26:02.85000:26:02.860 vapors aren't free liquefied they used 00:26:06.11900:26:06.129 to fuel the boilers which generates 00:26:08.07000:26:08.080 steam for their turbine engines but the 00:26:15.09000:26:15.100 amount of boil of gas varies with air 00:26:17.24900:26:17.259 temperature and sea conditions so a 00:26:20.63900:26:20.649 close watch must be kept on tank 00:26:22.88900:26:22.899 pressures 00:26:26.67000:26:26.680 LNG terminals often specify a maximum 00:26:29.76000:26:29.770 tank pressure for arriving ships on the 00:26:34.56000:26:34.570 other hand to prevent the risk of 00:26:36.54000:26:36.550 creating a flammable mixture of gas and 00:26:38.76000:26:38.770 air tank pressure must never fall below 00:26:42.21000:26:42.220 atmospheric 00:26:48.89000:26:48.900 whatever the type of ship and cargo be 00:26:51.98000:26:51.990 sure to lock the care you've taken if a 00:26:56.24000:26:56.250 claim occurs good records can be the 00:26:59.18000:26:59.190 best defense 00:27:05.79900:27:05.809 remember carry out charter as 00:27:08.77900:27:08.789 instructions diligently log the care 00:27:14.50900:27:14.519 you've taken with cargo good records are 00:27:19.48900:27:19.499 the best defense against claims 00:27:34.43000:27:34.440 making sure that the ship arrives with 00:27:36.71000:27:36.720 the specified cargo tank temperatures 00:27:38.78000:27:38.790 and pressures helps achieve maximum 00:27:41.33000:27:41.340 discharge rates finish our site drilling 00:27:47.93000:27:47.940 before discharging ship and Shore staff 00:27:50.69000:27:50.700 will meet to agree on all operational 00:27:53.57000:27:53.580 and safety procedures to be followed 00:28:07.73000:28:07.740 discharging and ballasting must be 00:28:10.16900:28:10.179 carefully controlled to maintain 00:28:12.18000:28:12.190 stability and minimize hull stress tank 00:28:20.54900:28:20.559 pressures tend to fall during cargo 00:28:22.50000:28:22.510 operations slowing the rate of discharge 00:28:29.88000:28:29.890 [Applause] 00:28:30.07000:28:30.08000:28:31.73000:28:31.740 to prevent pressures falling vapor can 00:28:35.39900:28:35.409 be added to the tank generally from the 00:28:37.68000:28:37.690 terminal 00:28:48.23000:28:48.240 the car things which are loaded or 00:28:51.20000:28:51.210 number one number one do poor and OnStar 00:28:54.64900:28:54.659 with home cooperate with any independent 00:28:57.64900:28:57.659 inspector but remember it's the chief 00:29:00.37900:29:00.389 officers job to manage cargo operations 00:29:05.85900:29:05.869 make sure that the cargo is sampled 00:29:08.53900:29:08.549 properly and that its quality is 00:29:13.85000:29:13.860 accepted before discharge starts if any 00:29:19.97000:29:19.980 dispute arises contact the UK club 00:29:22.70000:29:22.710 correspondent 00:29:29.01000:29:29.020 to transfer refrigerated cargo into 00:29:31.59000:29:31.600 pressurized storage it must first be 00:29:34.20000:29:34.210 warmed up using the ship's booster pump 00:29:36.96000:29:36.970 and cargo heater 00:29:41.82000:29:41.830 the pump and heater must be cooled down 00:29:44.86000:29:44.870 slowly to avoid damage so cargo must be 00:29:49.48000:29:49.490 introduced gradually seawater is the 00:29:54.25000:29:54.260 usual heat source but it can easily 00:29:56.65000:29:56.660 freeze porting cargo discharge and 00:29:59.86000:29:59.870 damaging the heater to avoid this never 00:30:05.77000:30:05.780 let the outlet temperature drop below 00:30:07.75000:30:07.760 the limits recommended by the 00:30:09.31000:30:09.320 manufacturer apart from a heel of 00:30:16.63000:30:16.640 liquefied gas retained on board to keep 00:30:19.51000:30:19.520 tank school on the ballast voyage and on 00:30:22.39000:30:22.400 LNG ships to be used as fuel all the 00:30:25.24000:30:25.250 cargo has been transferred now the deck 00:30:31.24000:30:31.250 lines and hard arms must be drained 00:30:33.15900:30:33.169 purged with nitrogen depressurized and 00:30:36.53900:30:36.549 disconnected only then may the ship 00:30:42.73000:30:42.740 shore connection be broken 00:30:49.26000:30:49.270 remember agree operational and safety 00:30:52.87000:30:52.880 procedures with the terminal before 00:30:54.89900:30:54.909 discharging chief officers manage cargo 00:31:01.12000:31:01.130 operations not inspectors contact the UK 00:31:06.66900:31:06.679 club if any dispute arises 00:31:23.73000:31:23.740 unlike LNG ships LPG and chemical gas 00:31:28.06000:31:28.070 ships may carry a variety of cargoes if 00:31:33.79000:31:33.800 the next cargo isn't compatible with the 00:31:35.86000:31:35.870 previous one it may be necessary for the 00:31:38.50000:31:38.510 tanks to be gas freed depending on the 00:31:44.56000:31:44.570 cargo previously carried and the one 00:31:46.72000:31:46.730 that will follow it this can involve as 00:31:49.00000:31:49.010 many as four steps removing leftover 00:31:53.71000:31:53.720 liquid cargo warming the tanks 00:32:01.98000:32:01.990 inerting 00:32:08.20000:32:08.210 and finally ventilating with air 00:32:18.42000:32:18.430 your initial items which is will 00:32:20.19000:32:20.200 naturally also provide wonderful 00:32:25.69000:32:25.700 different ships have different ways of 00:32:28.13000:32:28.140 removing leftover liquid cargo but it 00:32:31.07000:32:31.080 must be done thoroughly in a non 00:32:36.44000:32:36.450 saturated environment it evaporates 00:32:39.20000:32:39.210 vigorously super cooling the tank to 00:32:41.93000:32:41.940 breaking point at sea cargo vapor may be 00:32:50.48000:32:50.490 vented 00:32:54.23000:32:54.240 in port you must store it aboard or pump 00:32:57.98000:32:57.990 it to a vapor recovery unit if inert gas 00:33:05.36000:33:05.370 is pumped into a tank that's cold any 00:33:07.84000:33:07.850 moisture or carbon dioxide may freeze 00:33:15.54900:33:15.559 to avoid this warm cargo vapors are 00:33:18.87900:33:18.889 circulated first the rate of warm-up 00:33:24.99900:33:25.009 should be carefully controlled in 00:33:27.15900:33:27.169 accordance with the shipbuilders 00:33:28.60000:33:28.610 guidance now the tank can be alerted if 00:33:35.23000:33:35.240 necessary and always when it's to be 00:33:38.56000:33:38.570 opened for inspection inerting prevents 00:33:45.51900:33:45.529 the formation of a flammable mixture of 00:33:47.47000:33:47.480 cargo and oxygen when air is introduced 00:33:51.69000:33:51.700 the remaining cargo vapor is sampled 00:33:54.87900:33:54.889 until its concentration is below it's 00:33:57.43000:33:57.440 lower explosive limit finally the tank 00:34:03.34000:34:03.350 may be ventilated with air if necessary 00:34:13.71000:34:13.720 the tank must be at ambient temperature 00:34:16.29000:34:16.300 and the air dry or else condensation 00:34:19.20000:34:19.210 will form it will have to be removed a 00:34:22.74000:34:22.750 long and costly job 00:34:28.76000:34:28.770 whatever the commercial pressures nobody 00:34:31.88000:34:31.890 must enter a tank until tests for cargo 00:34:34.61000:34:34.620 vapors have been carried out and the 00:34:36.05000:34:36.060 level of oxygen is 21% 00:34:40.27000:34:40.280 and don't overlook carbon monoxide when 00:34:44.65900:34:44.669 the oxygen levels oak 00:34:51.59000:34:51.600
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12