00:00:00.380 geologists and geophysicists have agreed 00:00:02.81000:00:02.820 on the existence of a prospect a 00:00:04.67000:00:04.680 potential field in order to find out if 00:00:07.34000:00:07.350 hydrocarbons are indeed trapped in the 00:00:09.02000:00:09.030 reservoir rock 00:00:09.98000:00:09.990 we must drill to hit them bearing in 00:00:13.54900:00:13.559 mind the knowledge acquired about the 00:00:15.02000:00:15.030 substratum and the topography of the 00:00:16.82000:00:16.830 land the best position for the 00:00:18.38000:00:18.390 installation of the drilling equipment 00:00:19.60900:00:19.619 is determined generally it is vertically 00:00:22.60900:00:22.619 above the point of maximum thickness of 00:00:24.41000:00:24.420 the geological layer suspected of 00:00:26.15000:00:26.160 containing hydrocarbons the drillers 00:00:28.37000:00:28.380 then make a hole in conditions that are 00:00:29.87000:00:29.880 sometimes difficult of small diameter 00:00:32.03000:00:32.040 from 20 to 50 centimeters this hole will 00:00:35.27000:00:35.280 generally go down to a depth of between 00:00:37.25000:00:37.260 2,000 and 4,000 meters exceptionally 00:00:41.00000:00:41.010 certain Wells exceeds 6,000 meters one 00:00:43.67000:00:43.680 of them has even exceeded 11,000 meters 00:00:46.72000:00:46.730 certain fields can be buried at a depth 00:00:49.13000:00:49.140 equivalent to the height of 12 Eiffel 00:00:51.20000:00:51.210 Towers the derrick is the visible part 00:00:54.47000:00:54.480 of the drilling rig it's a metal tower 00:00:56.93000:00:56.940 several tens of meters high it's used to 00:00:59.68900:00:59.699 vertically introduce the drill strings 00:01:01.61000:01:01.620 down the hole these drill strings are 00:01:03.83000:01:03.840 made up of metallic tubes screwed 00:01:05.63000:01:05.640 end-to-end 00:01:43.46000:01:43.470 they transmit a rotating movement rotary 00:01:46.49000:01:46.500 drilling to the drilling tool the drill 00:01:48.77000:01:48.780 bit and help circulate a liquid called 00:01:51.26000:01:51.270 mud because of its appearance down to 00:01:53.81000:01:53.820 the bottom of the well the drilling rig 00:01:56.99000:01:57.000 works like an enormous electric hand 00:01:58.67000:01:58.680 drill of which the derrick would be the 00:02:00.44000:02:00.450 body the drill strings the drive and the 00:02:03.32000:02:03.330 drilling tool the drill bit 00:02:26.79000:02:26.800 the most usual tool is an assembly of 00:02:29.28000:02:29.290 three cones from which comes the name 00:02:31.32000:02:31.330 tricone in very hard steel which crushes 00:02:34.47000:02:34.480 the rock sometimes when the rock being 00:02:36.84000:02:36.850 drilled is very resistant a single block 00:02:39.57000:02:39.580 tool encrusted with diamonds is used 00:02:41.58000:02:41.590 this wears down the rock by abrasion 00:02:43.76000:02:43.770 through the drill pipes at the extremity 00:02:46.35000:02:46.360 of which the drill bit rotates a special 00:02:48.63000:02:48.640 mud is injected which the mud engineer 00:02:50.97000:02:50.980 prepares and controls this mud cools the 00:02:53.85000:02:53.860 drill bit and consolidates the sides of 00:02:55.98000:02:55.990 the borehole moreover it avoids a 00:02:58.29000:02:58.300 gushing of oil gas or water from the 00:03:00.33000:03:00.340 layer being drilled by quill abrading 00:03:02.34000:03:02.350 the pressure finally the mud cleans the 00:03:05.61000:03:05.620 bottom of the well as it makes its way 00:03:08.07000:03:08.080 lon the pipes it carries the rock 00:03:09.72000:03:09.730 fragments cuttings to the surface the 00:03:12.57000:03:12.580 geologist examines these cuttings to 00:03:14.76000:03:14.770 discover the characteristics of the 00:03:16.50000:03:16.510 rocks being drilled and to detect 00:03:18.33000:03:18.340 eventual shows of hydrocarbons the 00:03:21.69000:03:21.700 cuttings fragments of rock crushed by 00:03:23.76000:03:23.770 the drill bit are brought back up to the 00:03:25.71000:03:25.720 surface by the mud to obtain information 00:03:28.50000:03:28.510 on the characteristics of the rock being 00:03:30.36000:03:30.370 drilled a core sample is taken 00:03:46.61900:03:46.629 the drill bit is replaced by a hollow 00:03:49.11900:03:49.129 tool called a core sampler which 00:03:51.04000:03:51.050 extracts a cylindrical sample of several 00:03:53.32000:03:53.330 meters of rock this core supplies data 00:03:56.68000:03:56.690 on the nature of the rock the 00:03:58.47900:03:58.489 inclination of the layers the structure 00:04:00.80900:04:00.819 permeability porosity fluid content and 00:04:03.75900:04:03.769 the fossils present after having drilled 00:04:07.27000:04:07.280 a few hundred meters the explorers and 00:04:09.19000:04:09.200 drillers undertake measurements called 00:04:11.28900:04:11.299 Logging's down the hole by lowering 00:04:13.53900:04:13.549 electronic tools into the well to 00:04:15.64000:04:15.650 measure the physical parameters of the 00:04:17.19900:04:17.209 rock being drilled 00:04:42.48000:04:42.490 these measures validate or invalidate or 00:04:45.54000:04:45.550 make more precise the hypotheses put 00:04:47.73000:04:47.740 forward earlier about the rocks and the 00:04:49.77000:04:49.780 fluids that they contain the log 00:04:51.83900:04:51.849 engineer is responsible for the analysis 00:04:54.27000:04:54.280 of the results of the various Logging's 00:04:55.83000:04:55.840 the sides of the well are then 00:04:57.54000:04:57.550 reinforced by steel tubes screwed 00:04:59.46000:04:59.470 end-to-end these tubes called casings 00:05:02.67000:05:02.680 are cemented into the ground they 00:05:05.30900:05:05.319 isolate the various layers encountered 00:05:09.17000:05:09.180 when hydrocarbons are found and if the 00:05:12.12000:05:12.130 pressure is sufficient to allow them to 00:05:13.83000:05:13.840 come to the surface naturally the 00:05:15.39000:05:15.400 drillers do a flow check the oil is 00:05:18.27000:05:18.280 allowed to come to the surface during 00:05:19.52900:05:19.539 several hours or several days through a 00:05:21.54000:05:21.550 calibrated hole 00:05:39.05000:05:39.060 the quantity recovered is measured as 00:05:41.66000:05:41.670 are the chain 00:05:42.90900:05:42.919 pressure at the bottom of the well in 00:05:44.70900:05:44.719 this way a little more knowledge is 00:05:46.71900:05:46.729 gained about the probable productivity 00:05:48.55000:05:48.560 of the field if the field seems 00:05:51.24900:05:51.259 promising the exploration team ends the 00:05:54.07000:05:54.080 first discovery well and goes on to 00:05:56.55900:05:56.569 drill a second even several others 00:05:58.57000:05:58.580 several hundred or thousand meters 00:06:00.73000:06:00.740 further away in this way the exploration 00:06:03.87900:06:03.889 team is able to refine its knowledge 00:06:05.95000:06:05.960 about the characteristics of the field 00:06:07.62900:06:07.639 the decision to stop drilling is made 00:06:10.08900:06:10.099 only when all these appraisal wells have 00:06:11.83000:06:11.840 provided sufficient information either 00:06:13.68900:06:13.699 to give up the exploration or to 00:06:15.73000:06:15.740 envisage future production 00:08:00.82000:08:00.830 from twenty to fifty centimeters this 00:08:03.49000:08:03.500 hole will generally go down to a depth 00:08:05.55900:08:05.569 of between 2,000 and 4,000 meters 00:08:08.82000:08:08.830 exceptionally certain Wells exceeds 00:08:10.83900:08:10.849 6,000 meters one of them has even 00:08:13.33000:08:13.340 exceeded 11,000 meters certain fields 00:08:16.93000:08:16.940 can be buried at a depth equivalent to 00:08:18.61000:08:18.620 the height of 12 Eiffel Tower
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12