00:00:21.170 Galgo is underwear today much of the 00:00:30.62000:00:30.630 world around us is made from 00:00:32.20900:00:32.219 petrochemicals that is just about 00:00:34.40000:00:34.410 everything not made from plants rocks or 00:00:37.06900:00:37.079 metal petrochemical products include 00:00:39.61900:00:39.629 thousands of essential and life-saving 00:00:41.69000:00:41.700 products people use every day and yes 00:00:44.84000:00:44.850 football fans that includes the 00:00:46.97000:00:46.980 bleachers who sit on the artificial 00:00:48.92000:00:48.930 surface on the field the lacing in the 00:00:51.17000:00:51.180 football and the uniforms worn by the 00:00:53.29900:00:53.309 players but what are petrochemicals well 00:00:57.22900:00:57.239 it all begins very small with the carbon 00:01:00.26000:01:00.270 atom which is the magic behind organic 00:01:02.72000:01:02.730 chemistry 00:01:03.38000:01:03.390 carbon can take different forms from 00:01:05.60000:01:05.610 coal to diamonds to nanotubes carbon is 00:01:09.26000:01:09.270 truly magical in that it can connect to 00:01:11.33000:01:11.340 many different types of atoms including 00:01:13.73000:01:13.740 itself when it connects it becomes a 00:01:16.42900:01:16.439 molecule which is nothing more than a 00:01:18.44000:01:18.450 group of connected atoms when carbon 00:01:20.63000:01:20.640 connects to itself and you add a few 00:01:22.76000:01:22.770 hydrogen's you get what is called a 00:01:25.24000:01:25.250 hydrocarbon molecule here is what some 00:01:28.13000:01:28.140 of the hydrocarbon molecules look like 00:01:29.69000:01:29.700 they each have similar properties but 00:01:32.60000:01:32.610 are still very different from each other 00:01:34.78000:01:34.790 hydrocarbons are found in oil and 00:01:36.92000:01:36.930 natural gas which are naturally 00:01:38.92900:01:38.939 occurring mixtures formed from decayed 00:01:40.60900:01:40.619 plants and animals natural gas can exist 00:01:44.42000:01:44.430 as both a gas and a liquid under the 00:01:46.76000:01:46.770 ground 00:01:47.28900:01:47.299 the gas is comprised mostly of methane 00:01:50.33000:01:50.340 and the liquid is a mixture of ethane 00:01:52.42900:01:52.439 propane and butane some of the natural 00:01:55.85000:01:55.860 gas and liquids have been trapped in 00:01:57.80000:01:57.810 shale formations shale is a type of 00:02:00.10900:02:00.119 dense rock but how do we get it out we 00:02:03.44000:02:03.450 drill this is the traditional way to 00:02:05.81000:02:05.820 drill for natural gas and natural gas 00:02:07.94000:02:07.950 liquids but what about the shelf 00:02:10.88900:02:10.899 far below exploration crews can now use 00:02:15.14900:02:15.159 a combination of high-tech approaches to 00:02:17.49000:02:17.500 get the gas and liquids from the shale 00:02:19.47000:02:19.480 rock this is done through a combination 00:02:21.78000:02:21.790 of horizontal drilling hydraulic 00:02:24.21000:02:24.220 fracturing and seismic imaging after 00:02:26.97000:02:26.980 they drill down the exploration crews 00:02:28.92000:02:28.930 can drill horizontally equipped with 00:02:32.13000:02:32.140 sophisticated drilling equipment the 00:02:34.28900:02:34.299 crews shoot down a mixture of water sand 00:02:36.78000:02:36.790 and detergents to crack the rock so that 00:02:39.30000:02:39.310 the gas and liquids can escape the 00:02:41.52000:02:41.530 fracturing process takes place thousands 00:02:43.80000:02:43.810 of feet below water reservoirs or 00:02:45.56900:02:45.579 aquifers wherever the drill and pipe 00:02:48.42000:02:48.430 pass through a freshwater layer the 00:02:50.61000:02:50.620 water is protected by several 00:02:52.11000:02:52.120 impermeable barriers that are made of 00:02:54.21000:02:54.220 steel and concrete cases these barriers 00:02:57.17900:02:57.189 and show maximum protection for water 00:02:59.25000:02:59.260 supplies once the natural gas liquids 00:03:02.09900:03:02.109 are out of the ground they are separated 00:03:04.41000:03:04.420 into the gases ethane propane and butane 00:03:06.72000:03:06.730 of the three ethane is a very important 00:03:10.89000:03:10.900 hydrocarbon molecule ethane is fed into 00:03:13.53000:03:13.540 a large complex piece of manufacturing 00:03:15.80900:03:15.819 equipment called a cracker it's called 00:03:18.83900:03:18.849 that because it uses high temperatures 00:03:20.75900:03:20.769 to crack the bond between carbons 00:03:23.03900:03:23.049 now that chemistry takes over chemistry 00:03:26.12900:03:26.139 is all about bonding the cracker then 00:03:29.61000:03:29.620 forces the carbons to form two bonds 00:03:31.77000:03:31.780 with each other that make a new 00:03:33.36000:03:33.370 hydrocarbon molecule called ethylene as 00:03:36.05900:03:36.069 one of the most fundamental building 00:03:38.39900:03:38.409 blocks in the world of plastics and 00:03:40.02000:03:40.030 chemistry ethylene is special what makes 00:03:43.61900:03:43.629 ethylene special is the double bond 00:03:45.71900:03:45.729 between the carbons this is what an 00:03:48.44900:03:48.459 ethane cracker looks like ethane comes 00:03:51.08900:03:51.099 into the unit by pipeline now we apply 00:03:53.96900:03:53.979 heat to break the carbon bond here you 00:03:57.18000:03:57.190 see where the ethylene exits the cracker 00:03:59.06900:03:59.079 through another pipeline from here 00:04:01.19900:04:01.209 ethylene can take two different routes 00:04:03.24000:04:03.250 it can be made into plastic or other 00:04:06.08900:04:06.099 chemicals called petrochemical 00:04:07.86000:04:07.870 derivatives they are used as raw 00:04:10.50000:04:10.510 materials to make specialty chemicals 00:04:12.33000:04:12.340 which give us products with many 00:04:14.00900:04:14.019 performance attributes that consumers 00:04:15.75000:04:15.760 enjoy 00:04:16.12900:04:16.139 for example they make nylons 00:04:19.06000:04:19.070 ronger so it can be used by our armed 00:04:21.04000:04:21.050 forces for parachute straps or it can be 00:04:23.89000:04:23.900 used in a variety of plastic that have 00:04:25.96000:04:25.970 characteristics that make them stronger 00:04:27.64000:04:27.650 more flexible and resilient you saw what 00:04:31.36000:04:31.370 a football game would look like without 00:04:32.82000:04:32.830 petrochemicals now let's see what your 00:04:35.29000:04:35.300 life is like with petrochemicals it's 00:04:38.68000:04:38.690 safe to say that from the moment you 00:04:40.39000:04:40.400 wake up each morning to the time you go 00:04:42.61000:04:42.620 to bed each night you rely on products 00:04:45.01000:04:45.020 made from ethylene and other 00:04:46.60000:04:46.610 petrochemicals petrochemicals may have 00:04:49.42000:04:49.430 been used to make the bedspread on your 00:04:51.25000:04:51.260 bed the carpeting on the floor the paint 00:04:53.86000:04:53.870 on the walls and curtains on the windows 00:04:56.19000:04:56.200 there in many of the materials that go 00:04:58.96000:04:58.970 into making your home comfortable and 00:05:00.94000:05:00.950 efficient including home insulation in 00:05:03.58000:05:03.590 walls and attic vinyl siding eaves and 00:05:06.76000:05:06.770 windows solar shingles and a number of 00:05:09.52000:05:09.530 deck materials even when you go for a 00:05:12.31000:05:12.320 drive 00:05:13.03000:05:13.040 know that petrochemicals are making your 00:05:14.98000:05:14.990 ride more comfortable interestingly 00:05:18.73000:05:18.740 today's windmills wouldn't exist without 00:05:21.25000:05:21.260 petroleum-based petrochemicals but 00:05:25.75000:05:25.760 petrochemicals applications go beyond 00:05:27.91000:05:27.920 our comfort and entertainment they are 00:05:30.13000:05:30.140 critical to our lives 00:05:31.57000:05:31.580 modern medicine would be nearly 00:05:33.67000:05:33.680 impossible without the many products 00:05:35.80000:05:35.810 made from petrochemicals these include 00:05:38.65000:05:38.660 critical devices for surgical procedures 00:05:40.99000:05:41.000 bags that keep blood fresher longer 00:05:43.71000:05:43.720 sterile tubing to deliver life-saving 00:05:46.00000:05:46.010 blood and medicine everything from the 00:05:48.70000:05:48.710 stethoscope to the blood pressure 00:05:50.20000:05:50.210 monitor to aspirin is made from 00:05:52.51000:05:52.520 petrochemicals petrochemicals are also 00:05:55.42000:05:55.430 the building blocks for prosthetic and 00:05:57.52000:05:57.530 other devices that replace parts of the 00:06:00.01000:06:00.020 human body damaged or destroyed by 00:06:02.44000:06:02.450 disease age or injury among 00:06:05.86000:06:05.870 petrochemicals many attributes is the 00:06:08.05000:06:08.060 fact that they are also very versatile 00:06:10.68000:06:10.690 chemists can actually manipulate groups 00:06:13.15000:06:13.160 of atoms and make the resulting products 00:06:15.52000:06:15.530 perform in special and unique ways 00:06:17.71000:06:17.720 allowing them to be used to make 00:06:19.93000:06:19.940 everything from toys to I wear to 00:06:22.42000:06:22.430 bulletproof vests 00:06:23.59000:06:23.600 they make modern communications possible 00:06:26.14000:06:26.150 in fact regardless of how you're viewing 00:06:28.39000:06:28.400 this video on a desktop computer 00:06:30.89000:06:30.900 laptop tablet or smartphone the viewing 00:06:33.83000:06:33.840 device is made from petrochemicals the 00:06:37.01000:06:37.020 future of specialized materials is only 00:06:39.68000:06:39.690 limited by our imagination breakthroughs 00:06:42.38000:06:42.390 are happening everyday in electronics 00:06:44.83000:06:44.840 transportation military applications and 00:06:47.63000:06:47.640 emergency services none of this would be 00:06:50.57000:06:50.580 possible without the world of organic 00:06:52.67000:06:52.680 chemistry and petrochemicals
Office location
Engineering company LOTUS®
Russia, Ekaterinburg, Lunacharskogo street, 240/12