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Petroleum Refining Vs Petrochemical Industry (Lecture 003) - Petroleum Refining
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00:00:00.110 let's define the difference between 00:00:02.09000:00:02.100 petroleum refining and petrochemical 00:00:04.46000:00:04.470 industry because they are extensively 00:00:07.30900:00:07.319 used as if they were equal but in my 00:00:10.73000:00:10.740 opinion and let's say also technically 00:00:12.79900:00:12.809 they are not the same they are different 00:00:14.57000:00:14.580 but when refining comes always first 00:00:17.42000:00:17.430 before petrol chemistry or petrochemical 00:00:20.24000:00:20.250 industry and we're going to see why 00:00:22.21000:00:22.220 probably you have seen these before and 00:00:25.59900:00:25.609 I like to set this as the petroleum 00:00:29.12000:00:29.130 refinery essentially what we want to do 00:00:30.95000:00:30.960 is to refine crude oil crude oil comes 00:00:33.74000:00:33.750 here prohibit this salted dehydrated and 00:00:38.38900:00:38.399 what we do is essentially break up these 00:00:41.11900:00:41.129 in several fractions we also have 00:00:43.88000:00:43.890 several units which are related to the 00:00:46.76000:00:46.770 petroleum refining alone petrochemicals 00:00:51.08000:00:51.090 are another thing away but I haven't 00:00:55.43000:00:55.440 several soon that asked me if we use 00:00:57.77000:00:57.780 sterile chemistry in this performer or 00:00:59.84000:00:59.850 this alkylation unit or cracking units 00:01:01.97000:01:01.980 therefore that special chemistry and 00:01:03.88900:01:03.899 yeah you can say that but I rather 00:01:07.07000:01:07.080 prefer to stick these into the petroleum 00:01:10.37000:01:10.380 refining because we when we are focused 00:01:12.32000:01:12.330 on petroleum refining is essentially 00:01:14.39000:01:14.400 fuels as well as some asphalt leaves and 00:01:19.13000:01:19.140 so on but the main goal is generation of 00:01:21.41000:01:21.420 gasoline jet fuel diesel and so on the 00:01:25.73000:01:25.740 main scope of petrol chemistry or 00:01:27.26000:01:27.270 petrochemicals is to convert into much 00:01:30.28900:01:30.299 more valuable materials but let me tell 00:01:33.17000:01:33.180 you one thing guys that actually in real 00:01:34.81900:01:34.829 life about 5% of the borrow or let's say 00:01:39.80000:01:39.810 all petroleum crude oil only 5% will be 00:01:42.88900:01:42.899 converted into more useful materials 00:01:46.06900:01:46.079 that is special chemicals all the 00:01:48.26000:01:48.270 leftovers are going to be used mostly 00:01:50.21000:01:50.220 for gas applications gasoline kerosene 00:01:54.26000:01:54.270 which is used typically in jet a fields 00:01:57.64900:01:57.659 gas oil also decels where you know this 00:02:01.55000:02:01.560 is also a very common fuel domestic fuel 00:02:04.71900:02:04.729 maybe some loops have you guessed oils 00:02:07.96900:02:07.979 bunker oils all those oils that are 00:02:10.46900:02:10.479 technically very heavy powerful user and 00:02:13.67000:02:13.680 residual material such as coke asphalt 00:02:17.58000:02:17.590 and so on so the petro chemistry comes 00:02:22.44000:02:22.450 mostly here NAFTA is one of the raw 00:02:24.66000:02:24.670 materials used in Patrick chemistry but 00:02:28.32000:02:28.330 the raw material for petroleum refining 00:02:29.91000:02:29.920 will be crude oil ok so just keep that 00:02:33.30000:02:33.310 in mind 00:02:33.78000:02:33.790 crude oil is the main raw material for 00:02:35.94000:02:35.950 petroleum refining as a name implies we 00:02:38.52000:02:38.530 are refining petroleum and in petrol 00:02:41.10000:02:41.110 chemistry technically we could use all 00:02:43.31900:02:43.329 of these but in real life NAFTA will be 00:02:45.83900:02:45.849 mostly used in order to convert into 00:02:47.88000:02:47.890 further chemicals what type of chemicals 00:02:50.43000:02:50.440 well we're going to see later on these 00:02:53.58000:02:53.590 are this is the simplified diagram I has 00:02:57.59900:02:57.609 I have been showing you but this is a 00:02:59.67000:02:59.680 little bit more seriously or more let's 00:03:01.74000:03:01.750 say real it's the typical distillation 00:03:04.65000:03:04.660 column you have your crude oil you have 00:03:07.47000:03:07.480 the atmospheric column which processes 00:03:09.24000:03:09.250 gas several cuts like NAFTA have enough 00:03:12.36000:03:12.370 time yet fuel kerosene diesel gas oil 00:03:16.25900:03:16.269 and atmospheric bottoms yes very good 00:03:18.83900:03:18.849 bottoms typically go to the bacon 00:03:20.22000:03:20.230 distillation and continue with like 00:03:22.22900:03:22.239 bacon gas oil heavy bacon gas oil and of 00:03:26.30900:03:26.319 course some asphalt as you can see there 00:03:28.83000:03:28.840 are several hydrant readers we're going 00:03:31.37900:03:31.389 to see those later on the famous 00:03:33.39000:03:33.400 catalytic reformer famous summarization 00:03:36.47900:03:36.489 plant 00:03:36.87000:03:36.880 Merrick's which is merkat tan oxidation 00:03:39.69000:03:39.700 and if clouds software plant I was 00:03:42.50900:03:42.519 telling you also I mean treating which 00:03:44.69900:03:44.709 is cleaning of gases hydro crackers FCC 00:03:49.50000:03:49.510 which is fluid catalytic cracker delay 00:03:51.75000:03:51.760 cooker alkylation units and so on so 00:03:54.62900:03:54.639 there are many units and as you can see 00:03:55.97900:03:55.989 there are plenty of process pathways so 00:03:58.40900:03:58.419 for instance these states right now gas 00:04:01.05000:04:01.060 but these guys will be used later on 00:04:03.05900:04:03.069 here in order to crease the pure let's 00:04:05.87900:04:05.889 say in order to ensure that we are not 00:04:07.37900:04:07.389 losing material so all these little gas 00:04:09.74000:04:09.750 fractions are not just going away we are 00:04:13.08000:04:13.090 going to be recovering them how do you 00:04:15.47900:04:15.489 in so far yeah super plant that's fine 00:04:17.95900:04:17.969 we're going to be working with coke 00:04:20.53900:04:20.549 gasolines and so on so gasoline blending 00:04:23.64000:04:23.650 is huge in this diagram we're going to 00:04:25.62000:04:25.630 see later on that actually we have 00:04:26.87900:04:26.889 several 00:04:27.57000:04:27.580 blending pools we have diesel or fuel 00:04:29.55000:04:29.560 oil blending pools and so on now let's 00:04:34.43900:04:34.449 stick and check out what is 00:04:36.95000:04:36.960 petrochemical industry or pick petrol 00:04:39.30000:04:39.310 chemistry so today before crude oil is 00:04:41.79000:04:41.800 the main raw material for petroleum 00:04:43.77000:04:43.780 refining which separates naphtha gas 00:04:47.36000:04:47.370 kerosene gasoline gas oils and other 00:04:51.57000:04:51.580 fractions have your fractions actually 00:04:53.93900:04:53.949 so gas we can get methane ethane propane 00:04:56.34000:04:56.350 and the thing we can send those to sell 00:04:59.49000:04:59.500 them direct-to-consumer for instance I'm 00:05:01.65000:05:01.660 pretty sure that you have seen propane 00:05:03.90000:05:03.910 tanks maybe for a barbecue you know that 00:05:07.14000:05:07.150 propane is very convenient it's not that 00:05:09.78000:05:09.790 explosive but still is flammable which 00:05:12.42000:05:12.430 helps to cook or it makes it a good fuel 00:05:15.33000:05:15.340 for cooking patanè similarly you also 00:05:18.09000:05:18.100 know LPG liquefied petroleum gases which 00:05:20.87900:05:20.889 is a mixture of these gases also maybe 00:05:23.79000:05:23.800 you have seen or heard about methane or 00:05:26.34000:05:26.350 ethane which is typically seen in 00:05:28.80000:05:28.810 natural gas still used in cooking and 00:05:30.99000:05:31.000 heating systems but still in theory we 00:05:35.76000:05:35.770 could convert these into ethylene 00:05:37.68000:05:37.690 propylene and Butley or butadiene in 00:05:41.15900:05:41.169 order to convert them into much more 00:05:42.62900:05:42.639 valuable materials for instance from 00:05:45.27000:05:45.280 NAFTA you will get ethylene propylene 00:05:47.45000:05:47.460 butylenes 00:05:48.77900:05:48.789 and Goethe the in which are used as 00:05:51.51000:05:51.520 plastic plastic there are test 00:05:54.77900:05:54.789 applications and robbers and synthetic 00:05:57.11000:05:57.120 material kerosene is a few for aviation 00:06:02.04000:06:02.050 you already know that guess all 00:06:04.08000:06:04.090 technically light and heavy the light 00:06:06.18000:06:06.190 one will be used as diesel heavy one 00:06:08.01000:06:08.020 will be used for let's say Bunker oil or 00:06:12.02900:06:12.039 maybe heavy oils and so on then you also 00:06:15.39000:06:15.400 know about these other fractions which 00:06:17.87900:06:17.889 technically speaking 00:06:19.05000:06:19.060 coby's as false and so but what I want 00:06:22.62000:06:22.630 to show you is that technically we could 00:06:24.12000:06:24.130 convert all these into much more 00:06:25.80000:06:25.810 valuable materials but the problem is 00:06:28.52900:06:28.539 there 00:06:29.01000:06:29.020 because fuels are in a huge demand we 00:06:35.19000:06:35.200 need to convert first fuels and then we 00:06:37.35000:06:37.360 can get back to petrochemicals so in 00:06:40.95000:06:40.960 real life the market will be driving our 00:06:43.95000:06:43.960 petroleum consumption if the cassadines 00:06:48.32000:06:48.330 decels jet fields increases then the 00:06:52.62000:06:52.630 production of fuels 00:06:53.49000:06:53.500 Marty please if the production of 00:06:56.37000:06:56.380 plastics increases and fuels are 00:06:58.77000:06:58.780 dropping then you will see an increase 00:07:01.08000:07:01.090 in the petrochemical or the petrol 00:07:03.33000:07:03.340 chemistry industry okay so I just wanted 00:07:06.78000:07:06.790 to ensure that we are making these 00:07:09.69000:07:09.700 separation the term refining focuses 00:07:12.42000:07:12.430 mostly on fuels that the chemical 00:07:15.03000:07:15.040 industry focuses mostly in the let's say 00:07:18.57000:07:18.580 a much more interesting chemicals for 00:07:22.95000:07:22.960 instance the where you see the aromatics 00:07:26.40000:07:26.410 ethylene propylene and plastics that 00:07:28.80000:07:28.810 direct them actually here is a list of 00:07:32.22000:07:32.230 the two chemicals I just want to show 00:07:34.26000:07:34.270 you where we crude oil it's this lady 00:07:37.04000:07:37.050 and then we get natural gas condensate 00:07:39.51000:07:39.520 we get NAFTA and we get several other 00:07:44.04000:07:44.050 cuts actually here they are we got 00:07:46.71000:07:46.720 diesel we got kerosene gasoline fuel oil 00:07:52.07000:07:52.080 waxes asphalt coke sulfur and so on this 00:07:57.81000:07:57.820 is the main goal of the trailer Fang so 00:08:02.34000:08:02.350 all the red things is only petroleum 00:08:05.01000:08:05.020 refining and all the leftovers are at a 00:08:08.79000:08:08.800 chemical industry so methanol production 00:08:11.07000:08:11.080 probably you were wondering methanol 00:08:13.32000:08:13.330 sounds like something that it's produced 00:08:15.30000:08:15.310 from something by your own biological 00:08:17.51000:08:17.520 also may be ethylene alcohol what it is 00:08:23.19000:08:23.200 we have here may be ethanol yeah ethanol 00:08:26.17000:08:26.180 propylene or isopropanol all these comes 00:08:29.38000:08:29.390 actually from petroleum so that's 00:08:32.32000:08:32.330 interesting that we have plenty of these 00:08:34.66000:08:34.670 products they seem to be a lot huge them 00:08:37.92000:08:37.930 but actually this is only 5% of 00:08:40.81000:08:40.820 petroleum most of it will be 00:08:43.45000:08:43.460 unfortunately burned as fuels because 00:08:47.23000:08:47.240 nowadays we are addicted to fuels we are 00:08:50.11000:08:50.120 using extensively huge amounts of energy 00:08:53.32000:08:53.330 and we're not using that much in two 00:08:55.99000:08:56.000 materials per se okay anyways this is a 00:09:00.04000:09:00.050 petroleum refining course so we're going 00:09:01.99000:09:02.000 to define our scope only to the refinery 00:09:05.11000:09:05.120 which is per se also a huge thing to do 00:09:08.62000:09:08.630 because it is a state before a little 00:09:11.62000:09:11.630 bit complex as you can see here okay 00:09:14.94000:09:14.950 so that's what I wanted to show you on 00:09:17.26000:09:17.270 petroleum refining versus petrochemical 00:09:20.20000:09:20.210 industry now let's check out what are 00:09:22.24000:09:22.250 the specific course objectives 00:09:26.22000:09:26.230 [Music] 00:09:31.71000:09:31.720 you 00:09:35.43000:09:35.440
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