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Petroleum Refining vs Petrochemistry (Lec004)
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:00.740 before we continue with the petro 00:00:02.89900:00:02.909 chemistry course or petrochemical 00:00:05.53900:00:05.549 industry part I want to ensure that you 00:00:07.88000:00:07.890 know the difference between petroleum 00:00:09.68000:00:09.690 refining and to cancer so petroleum 00:00:13.00900:00:13.019 refining is much more into the part of 00:00:16.12000:00:16.130 purifying crude oil so this is crude oil 00:00:19.99000:00:20.000 crude oil going in it has been the 00:00:23.92900:00:23.939 salted so salt has gone out and now here 00:00:28.64000:00:28.650 it's going to be separated in several 00:00:30.52900:00:30.539 parts or fractions that's why it's also 00:00:33.83000:00:33.840 called distillation column or 00:00:35.56900:00:35.579 fractionation column so what we want 00:00:38.09000:00:38.100 here are products typical fuel products 00:00:41.69000:00:41.700 get filled gasoline these sell fuel LPG 00:00:45.97900:00:45.989 from Appalachian units cracking units 00:00:48.79900:00:48.809 cooker and reformer so at the name 00:00:51.77000:00:51.780 implies petrochemical is related to the 00:00:54.26000:00:54.270 chemistry behind that so we're going to 00:00:56.36000:00:56.370 see all these parts what do we do with 00:01:00.92000:01:00.930 those parts and what are the chemicals 00:01:03.79900:01:03.809 involved here so this column is 00:01:06.67900:01:06.689 typically analyzed in paternal refining 00:01:08.92900:01:08.939 as well as maybe the performer 00:01:10.60900:01:10.619 alkylation unit and Coker sometimes even 00:01:13.73000:01:13.740 the cracker unit we're going to review 00:01:16.55000:01:16.560 the cracking section because it's the 00:01:18.67900:01:18.689 name implies there is cracking so we 00:01:20.51000:01:20.520 have these molecules and what cracking 00:01:23.12000:01:23.130 does is to separate or crack the 00:01:26.33000:01:26.340 molecules into more useful 00:01:28.56900:01:28.579 petrochemicals so here it goes 00:01:32.21000:01:32.220 crude oil is part of the term refining 00:01:35.39000:01:35.400 and crude oil can have gas section which 00:01:38.42000:01:38.430 is methane ethane propane apple thing or 00:01:41.51000:01:41.520 kerosene section gasoline section gas 00:01:44.21000:01:44.220 oil diesel on other fractions maybe even 00:01:48.08000:01:48.090 have your fractions but a very important 00:01:51.05000:01:51.060 product from crude oil is NAFTA and 00:01:53.78000:01:53.790 actually petrochemical industry is based 00:01:56.17900:01:56.189 on a NAFTA the most about sixty to 00:01:59.84000:01:59.850 seventy percent the raw materials are 00:02:02.60000:02:02.610 NAFTA whereas also if the ethane is also 00:02:06.26000:02:06.270 you has a huge role where actually all 00:02:08.96000:02:08.970 gas propane methane those gas 00:02:12.08000:02:12.090 this can be treated as petrochemicals 00:02:16.04000:02:16.050 and convert into ethane which you later 00:02:18.71000:02:18.720 know that this will be poly ethylene 00:02:21.28000:02:21.290 plastics and so on 00:02:23.03000:02:23.040 so I want you to focus mostly on NAFTA 00:02:26.39000:02:26.400 ignore how crude oil is still how they 00:02:29.47900:02:29.489 are separated I just want you to focus 00:02:31.72900:02:31.739 here and I have this PDF from Isis if 00:02:37.19000:02:37.200 you want to check it out go here I see 00:02:38.96000:02:38.970 Star Comics an excellent way to verify 00:02:41.47900:02:41.489 what we're talking about petrochemicals 00:02:44.42000:02:44.430 are of concern and these are the final 00:02:47.78000:02:47.790 applications of the petrochemicals of 00:02:49.88000:02:49.890 course you don't want to have a crude 00:02:52.10000:02:52.110 oil viral at home what you want is 00:02:54.53000:02:54.540 gasoline what you want our textiles made 00:02:57.41000:02:57.420 of plastic you want your marks of 00:02:59.78000:02:59.790 plastic you want your rubber tires you 00:03:03.28900:03:03.299 want your plastic containers you're 00:03:05.21000:03:05.220 talking about medicine you can see here 00:03:08.11900:03:08.129 some pills the plastic cover your one 00:03:11.60000:03:11.610 also in payments Robert etc you don't 00:03:14.21000:03:14.220 want the crude oil nor NAFTA you want 00:03:17.30000:03:17.310 the final product here okay and you can 00:03:20.24000:03:20.250 see here the let's say the yellow part 00:03:23.50900:03:23.519 might be considered crude oil part which 00:03:26.00000:03:26.010 is petroleum refining you have the crude 00:03:28.43000:03:28.440 oil you desolated and fractionated into 00:03:31.87000:03:31.880 natural gas or natural gas liquid 00:03:35.96000:03:35.970 condensate and then we have NAFTA which 00:03:40.00900:03:40.019 we were talking about and other refining 00:03:42.47000:03:42.480 gases typically all other materials such 00:03:45.80000:03:45.810 as the diesel oil asphalt those are 00:03:49.25000:03:49.260 right here okay so we are not not going 00:03:52.40000:03:52.410 to see that much that will be a 00:03:54.71000:03:54.720 petroleum refining course but we're 00:03:57.83000:03:57.840 going to see a lotta NAFTA refinery 00:04:00.47000:04:00.480 gases and methane as well because with 00:04:03.83000:04:03.840 this we're going to make much more 00:04:07.30900:04:07.319 interesting things we want to make 00:04:10.25000:04:10.260 chemistry rather than burn this for 00:04:12.17000:04:12.180 Kennedy and let me go to the PDF it's 00:04:16.46000:04:16.470 much easier here so let's see here the 00:04:22.39000:04:22.400 you final applications the piping 00:04:26.05000:04:26.060 detergents and what I will recommend you 00:04:28.99900:04:29.009 is to check this out 00:04:30.20000:04:30.210 so our chemicals even come from 00:04:32.61900:04:32.629 petroleum or crude oil at their sieves 00:04:35.57000:04:35.580 and in our computers cosmetics fuels and 00:04:39.52900:04:39.539 so on okay probably wondering what wife 00:04:42.70900:04:42.719 you we have petrochemicals of interest 00:04:45.49900:04:45.509 that need to be developed in order to 00:04:47.86900:04:47.879 increase the quality of fields it's not 00:04:50.08900:04:50.099 just about having a gasoline fuel you 00:04:54.14000:04:54.150 need to add some petrochemical materials 00:04:56.57000:04:56.580 in order to increase the quality of that 00:04:58.99000:04:59.000 so let's go all the way here let's all 00:05:02.51000:05:02.520 these are petrochemicals so you can hear 00:05:05.33000:05:05.340 methyl methacrylate acetic acid 00:05:08.48000:05:08.490 formaldehyde all the fins PVC stearin 00:05:13.70000:05:13.710 ethyl benzene 00:05:14.86900:05:14.879 I feel alcohol also known as ethanol we 00:05:18.76900:05:18.779 have ethylene oxide propylene propylene 00:05:21.86000:05:21.870 oxide cumene phenol acetone and all of 00:05:27.32000:05:27.330 these have applications such as let's go 00:05:30.37900:05:30.389 I want to go to a little bit less known 00:05:33.68000:05:33.690 for instance from ethylene which comes 00:05:36.92000:05:36.930 from refinery gases and NAFTA we can 00:05:39.80000:05:39.810 produce ethylene oxide via oxidation and 00:05:42.36900:05:42.379 from the ethylene oxide we can need try 00:05:45.98000:05:45.990 this with a morning which we are going 00:05:48.23000:05:48.240 to see later on in the course and we 00:05:50.30000:05:50.310 will produce ethanol amines mono ethanol 00:05:52.93900:05:52.949 amine da ethanol amine and three 00:05:55.18900:05:55.199 ethanolamines you follow this bath right 00:05:58.10000:05:58.110 here you will see what are the final 00:06:00.14000:06:00.150 applications hoochies detergents and are 00:06:03.07900:06:03.089 chemicals why are chemicals because 00:06:05.32900:06:05.339 nitrogen content is good for the other 00:06:08.17000:06:08.180 industry also if you were wondering I 00:06:11.62900:06:11.639 don't know maybe you are interested on 00:06:14.76900:06:14.779 polypropylene it is produced from 00:06:18.01900:06:18.029 properly which is typically obtained 00:06:19.55000:06:19.560 from steam cracking or even catalytic 00:06:22.73000:06:22.740 reforming 00:06:23.76900:06:23.779 mostly steam cracking so propylene then 00:06:27.14000:06:27.150 we can produce poly propylene which is a 00:06:29.26900:06:29.279 plastic if we follow these lines all the 00:06:31.49000:06:31.500 way here those are used at the auto 00:06:33.92000:06:33.930 industry 00:06:34.76000:06:34.770 also you're talking about the caps some 00:06:39.08000:06:39.090 plastic containers and so on are 00:06:41.43900:06:41.449 produced from polypropylene and also 00:06:44.77900:06:44.789 don't forget the aromatics probably you 00:06:48.05000:06:48.060 wondering I don't know which one is used 00:06:50.60000:06:50.610 in which industry well you have to camp 00:06:53.05900:06:53.069 out let's go food packaging let's go 00:06:55.52000:06:55.530 here what's this this material probably 00:06:57.89000:06:57.900 you know it so useful over here and this 00:07:00.80000:07:00.810 is polystyrene plastic which comes from 00:07:04.07000:07:04.080 the polymer of the monomer steering how 00:07:07.76000:07:07.770 do we produce the steering from ethyl 00:07:09.95000:07:09.960 benzene and what else fancy so we need 00:07:15.02000:07:15.030 to produce benzene inert convert to 00:07:17.57000:07:17.580 ethyl benzene and later to steering so 00:07:20.71900:07:20.729 where do we get bends in the most we 00:07:23.21000:07:23.220 have several ways most likely is going 00:07:25.99900:07:26.009 to be obtained via reformation of low 00:07:30.27900:07:30.289 chain materials and so on so I just want 00:07:33.55900:07:33.569 to show you this probably you were 00:07:36.76000:07:36.770 rather thinking on crude oil 00:07:39.29000:07:39.300 distillation but now we're going to 00:07:41.33000:07:41.340 focus much more into the chemical part 00:07:44.57000:07:44.580 how do we produce as acrylic acid how do 00:07:47.62900:07:47.639 we produce such solvents what is n we 00:07:50.87000:07:50.880 can good for what are nylons how do we 00:07:53.99000:07:54.000 get there why are there interestings and 00:07:55.96900:07:55.979 so on okay so guys your us don't worry 00:08:01.31000:08:01.320 this might seem a lot of petrochemicals 00:08:04.12900:08:04.139 but once you start analyzing them and 00:08:06.29000:08:06.300 more importantly studying how they are 00:08:08.68900:08:08.699 created you will be let's say 00:08:13.05900:08:13.069 associating or relating the material so 00:08:15.58900:08:15.599 you will see of course this comes from 00:08:17.14900:08:17.159 properly because this is a c3 material 00:08:20.89900:08:20.909 and of course ethylene oxide is the 00:08:22.93900:08:22.949 oxidation material of the ethylene which 00:08:26.08900:08:26.099 is a double bonded material which of 00:08:28.55000:08:28.560 course is a gas and comes from the crude 00:08:32.32900:08:32.339 oil distillation and your refinery gases 00:08:35.30000:08:35.310 okay guys so once again very important 00:08:37.94000:08:37.950 to ensure that we are not going to 00:08:39.88900:08:39.899 analyze that much into petroleum 00:08:42.76900:08:42.779 refining of course we need to analyze it 00:08:44.60000:08:44.610 because this 00:08:45.78000:08:45.790 the previous process but we're going to 00:08:48.60000:08:48.610 focus more into the chemical part how to 00:08:51.69000:08:51.700 convert all these materials you don't 00:08:54.69000:08:54.700 know how many materials you could get 00:08:56.52000:08:56.530 from NAFTA alone okay oh I hope I didn't 00:09:01.02000:09:01.030 scare you that much into this 00:09:03.32000:09:03.330 petrochemical list and I see you in the 00:09:07.74000:09:07.750 next video 00:09:10.22000:09:10.230 [Music]
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