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Principle of Cooling Towers _ Piping Analysis

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00:00:02.629 00:00:02.639 latest updates don't forget to press the
00:00:05.090 00:00:05.100 bell icon in many industrial facilities
00:00:09.500 00:00:09.510 various pieces of equipment as well as
00:00:12.320 00:00:12.330 many fluids used in process systems need
00:00:15.320 00:00:15.330 to be cooled in many cases the cooling
00:00:19.490 00:00:19.500 of equipment and process fluids is done
00:00:21.529 00:00:21.539 with water but as cooling water is used
00:00:26.089 00:00:26.099 it absorbs heat and it's cooling
00:00:28.759 00:00:28.769 effectiveness decreases disposing of or
00:00:32.479 00:00:32.489 discharging the hot water into lakes or
00:00:34.819 00:00:34.829 rivers can lead to thermal pollution
00:00:37.010 00:00:37.020 also water that is discharged must be
00:00:40.400 00:00:40.410 replaced which may be costly for these
00:00:44.720 00:00:44.730 reasons it's often more efficient to
00:00:47.150 00:00:47.160 cool the hot water and reuse it the
00:00:49.819 00:00:49.829 device that's most commonly used to do
00:00:51.799 00:00:51.809 this is a cooling tower cooling towers
00:00:55.970 00:00:55.980 are often used as part of a cooling
00:00:57.950 00:00:57.960 water system in a facility the system
00:01:00.500 00:01:00.510 may be used to cool many different
00:01:02.180 00:01:02.190 components and process fluids this
00:01:06.140 00:01:06.150 illustration shows a simplified system
00:01:08.030 00:01:08.040 that includes a cooling tower a
00:01:10.899 00:01:10.909 circulating pump a shell and tube heat
00:01:14.210 00:01:14.220 exchanger and fluid lines in this system
00:01:18.740 00:01:18.750 cool water is pumped from the bottom of
00:01:21.289 00:01:21.299 the cooling tower to the heat exchanger
00:01:23.270 00:01:23.280 in the heat exchanger heat from a
00:01:25.880 00:01:25.890 process fluid is transferred to the
00:01:27.859 00:01:27.869 cooling water after absorbing heat from
00:01:32.240 00:01:32.250 the process fluid the water flows from
00:01:34.850 00:01:34.860 the heat exchanger to the top of the
00:01:38.300 00:01:38.310 cooling tower the water then Falls
00:01:41.090 00:01:41.100 through the tower and is exposed to air
00:01:43.310 00:01:43.320 which cools the water the cooled water
00:01:46.730 00:01:46.740 collects at the bottom of the tower and
00:01:48.679 00:01:48.689 is pumped back through the system for
00:01:50.990 00:01:51.000 reuse now as we just said cooling towers
00:01:56.090 00:01:56.100 cool water by exposing it to air
00:01:58.569 00:01:58.579 exposing the water to air causes some of
00:02:01.190 00:02:01.200 the water to evaporate in fact most of
00:02:04.280 00:02:04.290 the cooling that takes place in a
00:02:05.780 00:02:05.790 cooling tower is a result of evaporation
00:02:09.729 00:02:09.739 evaporation is a process in which the
00:02:12.890 00:02:12.900 heat in the water
00:02:13.760 00:02:13.770 causes part of the water to turn into
00:02:15.890 00:02:15.900 vapor as the water is turned into vapor
00:02:18.320 00:02:18.330 the heat is removed as a result the
00:02:21.050 00:02:21.060 remaining water is cooled in a cooling
00:02:23.600 00:02:23.610 tower heat that was in the water leaves
00:02:25.760 00:02:25.770 the tower in the vapor as the water
00:02:27.680 00:02:27.690 evaporates conduction and convection
00:02:29.900 00:02:29.910 also play a role in a cooling tower in
00:02:32.540 00:02:32.550 the tower water comes into direct
00:02:35.090 00:02:35.100 contact with the air when this occurs
00:02:37.190 00:02:37.200 some of the heat in the water is
00:02:39.290 00:02:39.300 transferred to the air by conduction and
00:02:41.750 00:02:41.760 convection as much as one third of the
00:02:44.240 00:02:44.250 heat that's transferred in a cooling
00:02:45.950 00:02:45.960 tower may be a direct result of
00:02:48.140 00:02:48.150 conduction and convection heat transfer
00:02:50.290 00:02:50.300 even though all cooling towers operate
00:02:53.300 00:02:53.310 on the same basic principles their
00:02:55.550 00:02:55.560 designs can be divided into two broad
00:02:57.530 00:02:57.540 categories natural draft towers and
00:03:01.090 00:03:01.100 mechanical draft towers the term draft
00:03:04.070 00:03:04.080 refers to the flow of air through the
00:03:06.110 00:03:06.120 tower in a natural draft cooling tower
00:03:09.500 00:03:09.510 air flows through the unit naturally
00:03:11.900 00:03:11.910 without the aid of mechanical devices as
00:03:14.090 00:03:14.100 the water evaporates and heats the air
00:03:16.640 00:03:16.650 the air inside the tower becomes warmer
00:03:19.760 00:03:19.770 and less dense than the air surrounding
00:03:21.530 00:03:21.540 the tower as the less dense warm air
00:03:24.440 00:03:24.450 rises up through the tower denser cooler
00:03:27.320 00:03:27.330 outside air is drawn into the bottom of
00:03:29.570 00:03:29.580 the tower in contrast to a natural draft
00:03:32.900 00:03:32.910 tower airflow through a mechanical draft
00:03:35.750 00:03:35.760 tower is created by using one or more
00:03:38.270 00:03:38.280 fans in an induced draught cooling tower
00:03:41.240 00:03:41.250 the fans on top of the tower create an
00:03:43.880 00:03:43.890 area of low pressure this causes the air
00:03:46.580 00:03:46.590 to flow in through the sides of the
00:03:48.530 00:03:48.540 tower and up to the top of the tower in
00:03:51.200 00:03:51.210 this cooling tower water enters through
00:03:54.020 00:03:54.030 Inlet pipes and is spread out in troughs
00:03:58.360 00:03:58.370 distribution nozzles direct the water
00:04:02.710 00:04:02.720 from the troughs onto packing inside the
00:04:07.370 00:04:07.380 tower the packing slows down the water
00:04:10.220 00:04:10.230 as it falls through the tower it also
00:04:12.530 00:04:12.540 breaks the water up into small droplets
00:04:14.680 00:04:14.690 both of these actions promote better
00:04:17.300 00:04:17.310 heat transfer inside the tower as the
00:04:21.740 00:04:21.750 water cascades down through the tower
00:04:23.600 00:04:23.610 across the layers of packing of
00:04:26.780 00:04:26.790 fan draws the air in through a set of
00:04:28.610 00:04:28.620 louvers around the packing and then
00:04:33.350 00:04:33.360 through a drift Eliminator the drift
00:04:36.110 00:04:36.120 Eliminator traps water droplets that
00:04:38.150 00:04:38.160 could be carried along with the air as
00:04:39.920 00:04:39.930 it passes out of the tower by the time
00:04:42.470 00:04:42.480 the water reaches the catch basin it's
00:04:44.480 00:04:44.490 cool the cooled water is then drawn out
00:04:47.180 00:04:47.190 of the tower through the outlet line and
00:04:49.220 00:04:49.230 pumped back to plant equipment for reuse
00:04:52.210 00:04:52.220 now that we've seen how an induced
00:04:54.650 00:04:54.660 draught tower operates let's take a look
00:04:56.990 00:04:57.000 at another type of mechanical draught
00:04:58.700 00:04:58.710 Tower this one is called a forced
00:05:01.190 00:05:01.200 draught cooling tower the major
00:05:04.130 00:05:04.140 difference between an induced draught
00:05:05.960 00:05:05.970 Tower and a forced draught Tower
00:05:07.850 00:05:07.860 is that a forced draught Tower does not
00:05:10.100 00:05:10.110 create an area of low pressure that
00:05:12.200 00:05:12.210 draws air up through the tower instead
00:05:15.020 00:05:15.030 the fans force or push the air up
00:05:17.900 00:05:17.910 through the tower on this tower there
00:05:20.780 00:05:20.790 are no louvers on the sides instead
00:05:23.060 00:05:23.070 there are fans with screens that direct
00:05:25.490 00:05:25.500 the flow of air into the tower
00:05:27.320 00:05:27.330 so as the cooling water cascades down
00:05:30.290 00:05:30.300 from the top of the tower
00:05:31.580 00:05:31.590 the fans force air up through the tower
00:05:33.890 00:05:33.900 and the heat transfer process takes
00:05:36.050 00:05:36.060 place now regardless of the type of
00:05:38.900 00:05:38.910 cooling tower there are some components
00:05:41.330 00:05:41.340 that are common to most towers for
00:05:43.250 00:05:43.260 example many towers are divided into
00:05:45.440 00:05:45.450 sections called cells this tower has
00:05:49.190 00:05:49.200 three cells each cell contains all of
00:05:52.220 00:05:52.230 the components of a single Tower except
00:05:54.650 00:05:54.660 they share a common catch basin each
00:05:58.970 00:05:58.980 cell of a tower can be operated
00:06:01.040 00:06:01.050 independently so the proper amount of
00:06:03.350 00:06:03.360 cooling can be maintained by taking one
00:06:05.660 00:06:05.670 or more of the cells out of service or
00:06:07.640 00:06:07.650 placing them in service other components
00:06:10.610 00:06:10.620 such as blowdown and make up lines are
00:06:12.800 00:06:12.810 also important to a cooling towers
00:06:14.870 00:06:14.880 operation these components deal with the
00:06:17.690 00:06:17.700 condition of the cooling water the water
00:06:20.330 00:06:20.340 in a cooling tower often contains
00:06:22.220 00:06:22.230 impurities that can cause problems as
00:06:24.440 00:06:24.450 the water in the tower evaporates the
00:06:27.170 00:06:27.180 concentration of the impurities
00:06:28.910 00:06:28.920 increases to control the concentration
00:06:33.230 00:06:33.240 of impurities water is periodically
00:06:35.540 00:06:35.550 discharged from the catch basin through
00:06:37.610 00:06:37.620 the blowdown line
00:06:40.430 00:06:40.440 this water is then replaced with clean
00:06:42.500 00:06:42.510 water through the makeup line on this
00:06:45.350 00:06:45.360 cooling tower the flow through the
00:06:47.210 00:06:47.220 makeup line is controlled by a control
00:06:49.250 00:06:49.260 valve a float senses the level in the
00:06:51.980 00:06:51.990 catch basin as the level changes the
00:06:54.830 00:06:54.840 float moves and sends a signal to the
00:06:56.930 00:06:56.940 control valve which opens or closes to
00:06:59.750 00:06:59.760 regulate the flow of water through the
00:07:01.430 00:07:01.440 makeup line there are several basic
00:07:03.560 00:07:03.570 steps involved in shutting down and
00:07:05.780 00:07:05.790 starting up a cooling tower cell since
00:07:08.390 00:07:08.400 cooling towers are important to many
00:07:10.220 00:07:10.230 processes you need to know how to
00:07:12.260 00:07:12.270 properly place a cell in service and
00:07:14.300 00:07:14.310 take it out of service the steps we'll
00:07:16.820 00:07:16.830 cover are often followed in startup and
00:07:18.950 00:07:18.960 shutdown procedures but be sure to
00:07:21.530 00:07:21.540 follow your facility's operating
00:07:23.390 00:07:23.400 procedures when you're starting up or
00:07:25.250 00:07:25.260 shutting down a cooling tower cell you
00:07:27.590 00:07:27.600 should also be aware of the impact that
00:07:29.600 00:07:29.610 shutting down or starting up a cell will
00:07:31.640 00:07:31.650 have on the processes first the operator
00:07:35.390 00:07:35.400 checks a temperature recorder to see if
00:07:37.880 00:07:37.890 the cooling tower will be able to cool
00:07:39.710 00:07:39.720 the cooling water sufficiently with one
00:07:41.870 00:07:41.880 less cell in service once he's sure that
00:07:45.740 00:07:45.750 the remaining cells will cool the water
00:07:47.690 00:07:47.700 he shuts off the fan and opens its
00:07:50.240 00:07:50.250 breaker
00:07:50.810 00:07:50.820 he then tags out the breaker to warn
00:07:53.240 00:07:53.250 other workers not to reset it then the
00:07:57.320 00:07:57.330 operator closes the valve on the inlet
00:07:59.510 00:07:59.520 line to the cells trough once the valve
00:08:02.120 00:08:02.130 is shut the cell is out of service once
00:08:07.370 00:08:07.380 the cell is shut down the operator
00:08:09.380 00:08:09.390 monitors the operation of the cooling
00:08:11.270 00:08:11.280 tower to ensure that the cells in
00:08:13.280 00:08:13.290 service are properly cooling the water
00:08:15.110 00:08:15.120 when the operator is informed that
00:08:17.360 00:08:17.370 additional cooling is needed he begins
00:08:19.640 00:08:19.650 the startup of the cell first he opens
00:08:24.980 00:08:24.990 the valve on the inlet line to the cells
00:08:26.930 00:08:26.940 trough this fills the trough with water
00:08:30.710 00:08:30.720 and the water starts to cascade through
00:08:32.990 00:08:33.000 the cell then the operator removes the
00:08:37.700 00:08:37.710 tag from the breaker closes the breaker
00:08:40.070 00:08:40.080 and restarts the fan once the fan is up
00:08:44.780 00:08:44.790 to speed the cell is back in service
00:08:46.700 00:08:46.710 when a cooling tower is in service it's
00:08:49.550 00:08:49.560 important to check it for proper
00:08:51.290 00:08:51.300 operation as an operator there
00:08:53.990 00:08:54.000 routine checks that you can make to
00:08:55.940 00:08:55.950 ensure that the tower is operating
00:08:57.860 00:08:57.870 properly one thing to check is the water
00:09:00.830 00:09:00.840 level in the catch basin if the level is
00:09:03.350 00:09:03.360 too low the circulating pump could lose
00:09:05.780 00:09:05.790 suction that could damage the pump and
00:09:08.390 00:09:08.400 reduce or stop the flow of circulating
00:09:10.370 00:09:10.380 water the level in the catch basin is
00:09:13.820 00:09:13.830 sensed by floats in the basin operators
00:09:16.640 00:09:16.650 should check the floats to make sure
00:09:18.500 00:09:18.510 they move freely so that the proper
00:09:20.270 00:09:20.280 level can be maintained in the basin
00:09:22.210 00:09:22.220 while checking the water level in the
00:09:24.590 00:09:24.600 catch basin operators should also check
00:09:27.080 00:09:27.090 the appearance of the water if the
00:09:29.330 00:09:29.340 cooling water is murky or if it has a
00:09:31.370 00:09:31.380 film on it there may be a problem with
00:09:33.530 00:09:33.540 the cooling water system such as a leak
00:09:35.750 00:09:35.760 in one of the heat exchangers the pump
00:09:38.060 00:09:38.070 and its driver should be checked for
00:09:39.620 00:09:39.630 unusual noises excessive vibration and
00:09:42.680 00:09:42.690 overheating the lubrication of the
00:09:45.380 00:09:45.390 driver and pump should be checked as
00:09:46.940 00:09:46.950 well often screens or filters are placed
00:09:50.300 00:09:50.310 in front of a pump suction screens are
00:09:54.770 00:09:54.780 used to prevent trash or other foreign
00:09:56.840 00:09:56.850 material from entering the pump a
00:09:58.490 00:09:58.500 plugged screen could restrict water flow
00:10:01.340 00:10:01.350 into the pump and cause the pump
00:10:03.290 00:10:03.300 discharge pressure to drop below normal
00:10:05.270 00:10:05.280 to prevent this problem the screen
00:10:07.790 00:10:07.800 should be checked and cleaned or
00:10:09.380 00:10:09.390 replaced periodically another thing on a
00:10:12.740 00:10:12.750 cooling tower that should be checked is
00:10:14.450 00:10:14.460 the spray from the nozzles in order for
00:10:17.360 00:10:17.370 the tower to cool efficiently the water
00:10:19.550 00:10:19.560 has to be distributed evenly over the
00:10:21.590 00:10:21.600 packing if the pattern of water falling
00:10:24.170 00:10:24.180 over the packing is irregular or
00:10:26.240 00:10:26.250 contains gaps it's an indication that
00:10:28.640 00:10:28.650 nozzles may be blocked or clogged while
00:10:33.440 00:10:33.450 checking the water falling through the
00:10:34.940 00:10:34.950 tower it's also a good idea to check the
00:10:37.790 00:10:37.800 packing for damage the fan along with
00:10:46.070 00:10:46.080 its gearbox and driver should also be
00:10:48.680 00:10:48.690 checked for unusual noises excessive
00:10:52.310 00:10:52.320 vibration and overheating also the
00:10:57.950 00:10:57.960 lubrication of the fan and driver should
00:10:59.960 00:10:59.970 be checked in addition to the checks
00:11:03.470 00:11:03.480 we've just covered it's also important
00:11:05.690 00:11:05.700 for operators to regularly MA
00:11:07.580 00:11:07.590 under cooling water temperatures and
00:11:09.290 00:11:09.300 pressures to make sure they're within
00:11:11.120 00:11:11.130 normal ranges for example the discharge
00:11:14.210 00:11:14.220 pressure of the circulating pump should
00:11:16.310 00:11:16.320 be checked to ensure proper flow through
00:11:18.380 00:11:18.390 the system also water temperatures
00:11:22.310 00:11:22.320 should be checked to see if the correct
00:11:24.170 00:11:24.180 amount of cooling is taking place all
00:11:26.300 00:11:26.310 cooling water contains contaminants the
00:11:29.240 00:11:29.250 contaminants in cooling water can be
00:11:31.130 00:11:31.140 divided into four broad groups suspended
00:11:34.130 00:11:34.140 solids dissolved solids dissolved gases
00:11:38.060 00:11:38.070 and microorganisms suspended solids are
00:11:42.140 00:11:42.150 solid particles that are trapped in the
00:11:44.090 00:11:44.100 cooling water one source of these
00:11:46.160 00:11:46.170 particles is air dust and dirt can be
00:11:49.130 00:11:49.140 carried into the tower by the air
00:11:50.810 00:11:50.820 passing through it these particles
00:11:53.150 00:11:53.160 become trapped or suspended in the
00:11:55.220 00:11:55.230 cascading water another source of
00:11:58.760 00:11:58.770 suspended solids is the makeup water
00:12:01.000 00:12:01.010 solids are carried into the tower as
00:12:03.350 00:12:03.360 water is replaced when suspended solids
00:12:07.280 00:12:07.290 collect inside a cooling water system
00:12:09.290 00:12:09.300 they form a thick mixture called sludge
00:12:11.720 00:12:11.730 sludge can restrict water flow through
00:12:14.240 00:12:14.250 equipment interfere with the transfer of
00:12:16.580 00:12:16.590 heat and decrease cooling tower
00:12:18.830 00:12:18.840 efficiency chemicals such as calcium or
00:12:22.730 00:12:22.740 magnesium are often found as dissolved
00:12:25.400 00:12:25.410 solids in cooling water these impurities
00:12:28.340 00:12:28.350 can become concentrated come out of
00:12:30.650 00:12:30.660 solution and cause scale buildup scale
00:12:33.920 00:12:33.930 buildup on the inside of a heat
00:12:35.480 00:12:35.490 exchanger can reduce heat transfer and
00:12:38.060 00:12:38.070 restrict water flow now there are
00:12:41.540 00:12:41.550 several ways the dissolved solids can
00:12:43.520 00:12:43.530 concentrate to form scale for example
00:12:46.220 00:12:46.230 when water evaporates in a cooling tower
00:12:48.560 00:12:48.570 the solids are left behind and the
00:12:51.260 00:12:51.270 concentration of solids becomes higher
00:12:53.390 00:12:53.400 in the remaining water also untreated
00:12:56.660 00:12:56.670 makeup water may have high
00:12:58.160 00:12:58.170 concentrations of dissolved solids one
00:13:02.330 00:13:02.340 way to control the concentration of
00:13:04.040 00:13:04.050 solids in a cooling tower is to drain or
00:13:06.680 00:13:06.690 blowdown water from the system a
00:13:08.750 00:13:08.760 blowdown is an intentional discharge of
00:13:11.870 00:13:11.880 cooling water from the catch basin in
00:13:15.410 00:13:15.420 addition to blowdown scale preventing
00:13:17.900 00:13:17.910 chemicals may be added to the cooling
00:13:19.820 00:13:19.830 water to
00:13:20.470 00:13:20.480 control scale buildup these chemicals
00:13:24.400 00:13:24.410 known as scale inhibitors form a
00:13:26.860 00:13:26.870 protective layer on metal surfaces that
00:13:29.350 00:13:29.360 prevent scale from building up other
00:13:31.660 00:13:31.670 chemicals may be added to control the
00:13:33.610 00:13:33.620 waters pH the waters pH is an indication
00:13:38.379 00:13:38.389 of its acidity or alkalinity a low pH
00:13:41.560 00:13:41.570 means the water is acidic a high pH
00:13:44.530 00:13:44.540 means the water is alkaline a relatively
00:13:47.620 00:13:47.630 low pH tends to increase the likelihood
00:13:50.259 00:13:50.269 of corrosion while a relatively high pH
00:13:53.470 00:13:53.480 tends to increase the likelihood of
00:13:55.689 00:13:55.699 scale formation waters pH is high acids
00:13:59.620 00:13:59.630 such as sulfuric acid which have a low
00:14:01.990 00:14:02.000 pH can be added to lower the waters pH
00:14:04.509 00:14:04.519 on the other hand if the pH is too low
00:14:07.720 00:14:07.730 and alkali is added to raise the waters
00:14:10.540 00:14:10.550 pH cooling water is often sampled and
00:14:13.930 00:14:13.940 tested for solids concentration in pH
00:14:16.420 00:14:16.430 the results of the tests determine how
00:14:19.269 00:14:19.279 often blowdown should be done how much
00:14:21.610 00:14:21.620 water should be blown down and the
00:14:23.800 00:14:23.810 amounts and types of chemicals that
00:14:25.750 00:14:25.760 should be added another group of
00:14:28.329 00:14:28.339 contaminants that you should be aware of
00:14:30.040 00:14:30.050 is dissolved gases cooling water often
00:14:33.550 00:14:33.560 contains dissolved gases such as carbon
00:14:35.829 00:14:35.839 dioxide hydrogen sulfide and oxygen
00:14:40.079 00:14:40.089 some of these gases can react with the
00:14:42.790 00:14:42.800 metal in the cooling system to cause or
00:14:45.040 00:14:45.050 speed up corrosion large amounts of some
00:14:47.920 00:14:47.930 dissolved gases tend to make the water
00:14:50.019 00:14:50.029 acidic giving it a low pH at a lower pH
00:14:53.610 00:14:53.620 corrosion is more likely to occur to
00:14:57.040 00:14:57.050 counter the effects of dissolved gases
00:14:59.309 00:14:59.319 corrosion inhibitors such as lime are
00:15:02.170 00:15:02.180 often added to interfere with the
00:15:04.180 00:15:04.190 corrosion process or increase the waters
00:15:06.610 00:15:06.620 pH your cooling system may have specific
00:15:10.750 00:15:10.760 operating requirements for pH these
00:15:13.780 00:15:13.790 requirements will strike a balance
00:15:15.490 00:15:15.500 between a high pH that will reduce the
00:15:18.250 00:15:18.260 rate of corrosion and a low pH that will
00:15:21.009 00:15:21.019 reduce the rate of scale formation
00:15:23.970 00:15:23.980 microorganisms are very small plants and
00:15:26.439 00:15:26.449 animals such as algae and bacteria air
00:15:30.280 00:15:30.290 and sunlight stimulate microorganism
00:15:32.920 00:15:32.930 growth so cooling
00:15:34.540 00:15:34.550 make good breeding grounds
00:15:37.710 00:15:37.720 microorganisms often create thick gummy
00:15:40.300 00:15:40.310 slime growths that can foul tubes and
00:15:43.030 00:15:43.040 heat exchangers and reduce the amount of
00:15:45.130 00:15:45.140 heat that can be transferred another
00:15:47.740 00:15:47.750 problem with microorganisms is that they
00:15:50.259 00:15:50.269 can release gases such as oxygen inside
00:15:53.019 00:15:53.029 cooling systems this can promote
00:15:56.290 00:15:56.300 corrosion of the equipment in the system
00:16:00.240 00:16:00.250 microorganisms can be controlled by
00:16:02.620 00:16:02.630 adding chemicals called biocides
00:16:05.009 00:16:05.019 chlorine is one biocide that's commonly
00:16:07.720 00:16:07.730 added to water to prevent slime growths
00:16:10.050 00:16:10.060 chemicals are added to the water in
00:16:12.250 00:16:12.260 cooling towers for many reasons you may
00:16:14.889 00:16:14.899 be responsible for adding chemicals to
00:16:16.780 00:16:16.790 the water so you need to know how to do
00:16:19.120 00:16:19.130 it safely many of the chemicals used may
00:16:23.290 00:16:23.300 be hazardous if they're not handled
00:16:25.030 00:16:25.040 properly you should always be aware of
00:16:27.069 00:16:27.079 their specific hazards and you should
00:16:29.259 00:16:29.269 follow your company's procedures when
00:16:30.970 00:16:30.980 you handle any chemical the precautions
00:16:33.550 00:16:33.560 you need to take may depend on how the
00:16:35.530 00:16:35.540 chemicals are at it for example some
00:16:37.960 00:16:37.970 chemicals can be added so that there's
00:16:39.699 00:16:39.709 no contact with personnel chemicals such
00:16:42.610 00:16:42.620 as acids are added using chemical
00:16:45.040 00:16:45.050 injection pumps like this one on this
00:16:47.620 00:16:47.630 pump the amount of chemicals added can
00:16:49.720 00:16:49.730 be controlled by adjusting the stroke of
00:16:51.670 00:16:51.680 the pump that's done by turning this
00:16:53.740 00:16:53.750 knob on the pumps controller chemicals
00:16:56.889 00:16:56.899 are sometimes added using specialized
00:16:58.810 00:16:58.820 metering devices here chlorine is added
00:17:01.630 00:17:01.640 to the cooling water through this
00:17:03.069 00:17:03.079 chlorinator a chlorinator regulates the
00:17:05.890 00:17:05.900 flow of chlorine gas to the cooling
00:17:07.870 00:17:07.880 water system the chlorinator allows
00:17:10.299 00:17:10.309 chemicals to be added in such a way that
00:17:12.610 00:17:12.620 personnel do not come into direct
00:17:14.439 00:17:14.449 contact with the chemicals now chemicals
00:17:17.799 00:17:17.809 aren't always added with specialized
00:17:19.480 00:17:19.490 equipment sometimes you have to add them
00:17:21.579 00:17:21.589 by hand if that's the case you'll need
00:17:24.010 00:17:24.020 to follow your company's procedures
00:17:25.419 00:17:25.429 about where and how the chemicals should
00:17:27.699 00:17:27.709 be added for example you may be required
00:17:30.430 00:17:30.440 to add the chemicals near the makeup
00:17:32.200 00:17:32.210 line so that they can be thoroughly
00:17:33.820 00:17:33.830 mixed with the cooling water depending
00:17:36.400 00:17:36.410 on the type of chemical that you work
00:17:37.900 00:17:37.910 with a face shield rubber apron gloves
00:17:40.750 00:17:40.760 and boots may be required to protect
00:17:42.640 00:17:42.650 your body in some situations the
00:17:46.840 00:17:46.850 chemicals being at
00:17:48.070 00:17:48.080 maybe in the form of a powder so a dust
00:17:50.500 00:17:50.510 mask or a respirator may be needed in
00:17:52.930 00:17:52.940 addition to eye protection and other
00:17:54.639 00:17:54.649 protective gear also you should know the
00:17:57.639 00:17:57.649 location of the nearest emergency shower
00:17:59.680 00:17:59.690 and eyewash stations in this topic we
00:18:03.220 00:18:03.230 looked at cooling water contaminants and
00:18:05.289 00:18:05.299 their effects on a cooling water system
00:18:07.269 00:18:07.279 we also discussed why chemicals are
00:18:09.669 00:18:09.679 added to cooling water and we looked at
00:18:11.740 00:18:11.750 how these chemicals can be added to the
00:18:13.570 00:18:13.580 water now let's try some practice
00:18:15.519 00:18:15.529 questions on this material
00:18:24.430 00:18:24.440 you

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