PROTECT YOUR TWEETERS! Capacitors and WHY you need them

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:00.030
when we install a set of component
00:00:02.419 00:00:02.429 speakers into a custom car audio system
00:00:04.610 00:00:04.620 it could be advantageous to run those
00:00:07.039 00:00:07.049 speakers active so what does active mean
00:00:10.339 00:00:10.349 that means we connect the speaker
00:00:12.290 00:00:12.300 straight to the amplifier and use the
00:00:14.240 00:00:14.250 crossovers on board the amplifier or in
00:00:16.790 00:00:16.800 a digital signal processor to limit the
00:00:19.460 00:00:19.470 frequencies going to the speakers now
00:00:22.099 00:00:22.109 there is something that we need to be
00:00:23.179 00:00:23.189 really cautious about so that we don't
00:00:24.950 00:00:24.960 make a mistake
00:00:26.210 00:00:26.220 the tweeters in our component set of
00:00:28.700 00:00:28.710 speakers are sensitive if we ever make a
00:00:31.730 00:00:31.740 mistake in setting the crossover values
00:00:33.920 00:00:33.930 for the tweeters to low or if there's
00:00:36.350 00:00:36.360 turn on pops or other system noise we
00:00:39.020 00:00:39.030 can destroy our tweeters very quickly so
00:00:41.990 00:00:42.000 how do we protect the tweeters and save
00:00:44.270 00:00:44.280 ourselves the headache of having to
00:00:46.700 00:00:46.710 replace them we can use these guys a
00:00:48.979 00:00:48.989 capacitor but these come in all
00:00:50.930 00:00:50.940 different sorts of ratings how do we
00:00:52.490 00:00:52.500 size them how do we wire them in that my
00:00:55.220 00:00:55.230 friends is coming up so how does this
00:00:57.049 00:00:57.059 actually work what's the point of using
00:00:58.610 00:00:58.620 the capacitor the capacitor increases
00:01:01.189 00:01:01.199 resistance of a circuit at lower
00:01:03.650 00:01:03.660 frequencies so at lower frequencies it's
00:01:06.350 00:01:06.360 going to limit the output of the tweeter
00:01:08.600 00:01:08.610 and protect that tweeter now there are
00:01:11.000 00:01:11.010 different sized capacitors rated in
00:01:13.100 00:01:13.110 micro farad's see that little you lookin
00:01:15.710 00:01:15.720 symbol there that stands for micro so
00:01:18.200 00:01:18.210 this is a 12 micro farad capacitor and
00:01:20.929 00:01:20.939 this one here is 15 micro farad's
00:01:23.480 00:01:23.490 there's all sorts of different sizes we
00:01:26.060 00:01:26.070 need to determine what value of micro
00:01:28.310 00:01:28.320 farad capacitor we need to use to
00:01:30.920 00:01:30.930 determine this we're going to use this
00:01:32.390 00:01:32.400 formula here C is the value of the
00:01:35.569 00:01:35.579 capacitor F is going to be our crossover
00:01:37.850 00:01:37.860 frequency and our H is our actual
00:01:40.069 00:01:40.079 speaker impedance let's first start with
00:01:42.319 00:01:42.329 finding F the frequency that we actually
00:01:44.630 00:01:44.640 want to cut by using the capacitor we
00:01:47.480 00:01:47.490 want F to be greater than the resonant
00:01:49.789 00:01:49.799 frequency of the tweeter but we want F
00:01:52.069 00:01:52.079 to be smaller than the actual crossover
00:01:54.740 00:01:54.750 that we plan on using on our DSP or
00:01:57.139 00:01:57.149 amplifier for a full video about
00:01:59.630 00:01:59.640 determining the actual crossover value
00:02:01.819 00:02:01.829 check out the link up in the corner of
00:02:03.200 00:02:03.210 the screen so as an example let's say
00:02:05.060 00:02:05.070 that we want our actual crossover value
00:02:07.130 00:02:07.140 to be around 4500 Hertz and we don't
00:02:11.390 00:02:11.400 know F yet let's figure out what the red
00:02:13.430 00:02:13.440 and it frequency is for the resonant
00:02:15.230 00:02:15.240 frequency we can check out the
00:02:16.310 00:02:16.320 manufacturers manual and we can see
00:02:18.620 00:02:18.630 right here 1,500 Hertz so we need a
00:02:21.410 00:02:21.420 value for F that is between these two
00:02:24.260 00:02:24.270 values and a good rule of thumb is to
00:02:26.390 00:02:26.400 double the resonant frequency in this
00:02:28.970 00:02:28.980 case it's going to be three thousand
00:02:30.860 00:02:30.870 Hertz for F what's important to
00:02:32.660 00:02:32.670 understand about these protection
00:02:34.220 00:02:34.230 capacitors is if my actual crossover
00:02:37.250 00:02:37.260 value on the DSP is something like forty
00:02:39.530 00:02:39.540 five hundred Hertz the roll-off is going
00:02:41.960 00:02:41.970 to look something like this so this
00:02:43.670 00:02:43.680 capacitor is not even impacting the
00:02:45.650 00:02:45.660 output of that speaker until you get all
00:02:48.140 00:02:48.150 the way down here you're not even going
00:02:50.330 00:02:50.340 to hear it in comparison to everything
00:02:52.280 00:02:52.290 else I just want to point that out so
00:02:54.260 00:02:54.270 you guys understand this is completely a
00:02:55.940 00:02:55.950 fail-safe it is not something that we're
00:02:58.520 00:02:58.530 actually using to control the actual
00:03:00.650 00:03:00.660 listening crossover point so we've got
00:03:02.930 00:03:02.940 our value here we can add it to our
00:03:04.520 00:03:04.530 formula F is equal to 3000 now we need
00:03:07.610 00:03:07.620 to find our H to find our H we can
00:03:10.070 00:03:10.080 literally just measure the resistance
00:03:11.990 00:03:12.000 across the voice coil of the speaker but
00:03:14.450 00:03:14.460 good speaker manufacturers will not only
00:03:16.370 00:03:16.380 list a nominal impedance they'll also
00:03:18.380 00:03:18.390 list the actual DC resistance right here
00:03:21.110 00:03:21.120 so in this case we're going to use three
00:03:22.790 00:03:22.800 point five ohms so there we go our H
00:03:25.040 00:03:25.050 equals three point five I plugged
00:03:26.690 00:03:26.700 everything in I've got zero point one
00:03:28.370 00:03:28.380 five nine divided by three thousand
00:03:30.500 00:03:30.510 times three point five and that gives me
00:03:32.870 00:03:32.880 this really small value point zero zero
00:03:35.360 00:03:35.370 zero zero one five one four this value
00:03:38.270 00:03:38.280 is really small and this is where some
00:03:39.740 00:03:39.750 people get confused don't forget that
00:03:41.420 00:03:41.430 the units for C capacitance are micro
00:03:44.360 00:03:44.370 farad's so that means we move the
00:03:46.220 00:03:46.230 decimal place six places one two three
00:03:48.890 00:03:48.900 four five six it's going to be fifteen
00:03:50.750 00:03:50.760 point one for micro farad's now you
00:03:52.940 00:03:52.950 won't be able to find a fifteen point
00:03:54.500 00:03:54.510 one for micro farad capacitor so we're
00:03:56.840 00:03:56.850 just going to round down slightly and
00:03:59.600 00:03:59.610 we're going to use fifteen micro farad's
00:04:02.150 00:04:02.160 this guy right here
00:04:04.490 00:04:04.500 as a side note there are charts like
00:04:06.350 00:04:06.360 this online that you guys can look up
00:04:08.300 00:04:08.310 but I recommend not relying on these
00:04:10.970 00:04:10.980 charts just do the math because it's
00:04:12.710 00:04:12.720 really not that complex but we can use
00:04:15.170 00:04:15.180 the charts to just double check our
00:04:16.580 00:04:16.590 answer if we go right here between 2000
00:04:19.039 00:04:19.049 and 4000 so it's going to be between
00:04:20.870 00:04:20.880 these two values for a 4 ohm nominal
00:04:23.779 00:04:23.789 speaker that makes sense we had 15 which
00:04:26.150 00:04:26.160 is between
00:04:27.230 00:04:27.240 nine point nine four and nineteen point
00:04:29.029 00:04:29.039 eight so now I can show you guys how we
00:04:30.920 00:04:30.930 properly wire this capacitor into the
00:04:33.320 00:04:33.330 circuit with the tweeter but real quick
00:04:35.150 00:04:35.160 before we do that I want to thank
00:04:36.499 00:04:36.509 monthly channel sponsor audio control
00:04:38.719 00:04:38.729 Valentine's Day was just the other day
00:04:40.790 00:04:40.800 and I don't know about you guys but one
00:04:42.290 00:04:42.300 of my favorite things to do is give the
00:04:44.150 00:04:44.160 gift of bass to my significant other a
00:04:46.610 00:04:46.620 great way to simply add a subwoofer
00:04:48.529 00:04:48.539 system to a vehicle is the audio control
00:04:50.900 00:04:50.910 a cm - one point 300 this micro
00:04:54.499 00:04:54.509 amplifier is compact but has 300 watts
00:04:57.710 00:04:57.720 RMS of power better yet this amp has a
00:05:01.070 00:05:01.080 line output converter built in this so
00:05:03.740 00:05:03.750 you can simply tap into the stock car
00:05:05.719 00:05:05.729 audio system speaker wires to get signal
00:05:08.029 00:05:08.039 and the amp also has audio controls a
00:05:10.309 00:05:10.319 Cubase bass restoration functionality
00:05:12.920 00:05:12.930 next time you need to do a simple bass
00:05:14.839 00:05:14.849 add-on definitely check out this
00:05:16.189 00:05:16.199 amplifier more details linked down in
00:05:18.559 00:05:18.569 the video description so now that I have
00:05:20.390 00:05:20.400 my capacitor value I want to take the
00:05:22.460 00:05:22.470 factory tweeter and I'm going to retain
00:05:24.559 00:05:24.569 the tweeter harness the factory tweeter
00:05:27.110 00:05:27.120 wiring is more than substantial for the
00:05:29.420 00:05:29.430 low amount of power that's going to be
00:05:31.189 00:05:31.199 going to my aftermarket tweeters so I'm
00:05:33.050 00:05:33.060 just going to retain this harness for
00:05:35.089 00:05:35.099 use in ease of connection after I remove
00:05:38.089 00:05:38.099 all of that tape that was applied at the
00:05:39.770 00:05:39.780 factory I have a little something like
00:05:41.240 00:05:41.250 this and I've of course clipped the
00:05:42.890 00:05:42.900 tweeter away my math from earlier
00:05:44.719 00:05:44.729 determined I need a 15 micro farad
00:05:46.760 00:05:46.770 capacitor so I have this guy right here
00:05:49.040 00:05:49.050 it's electrolytic and it's non polarized
00:05:51.560 00:05:51.570 or also known as bipolar this one is
00:05:54.409 00:05:54.419 rated at a hundred volts which is
00:05:55.909 00:05:55.919 effective to about 200 watts of power
00:05:59.059 00:05:59.069 so more than substantial and I want to
00:06:01.309 00:06:01.319 reiterate the point here for people that
00:06:03.230 00:06:03.240 will say oh you should use a
00:06:04.490 00:06:04.500 polypropylene capacitor that would make
00:06:07.370 00:06:07.380 sense if this was actually the crossover
00:06:10.159 00:06:10.169 capacitor but it's not this is just a
00:06:12.320 00:06:12.330 failsafe capacitor in the event that my
00:06:15.170 00:06:15.180 actual crossover fails now you'll notice
00:06:17.990 00:06:18.000 I clip the leads on the capacitor a
00:06:19.850 00:06:19.860 little bit shorter just for better wire
00:06:21.439 00:06:21.449 management and I'm now stripping the
00:06:23.029 00:06:23.039 wires in preparation for soldering
00:06:24.980 00:06:24.990 everything together so here I am
00:06:26.779 00:06:26.789 soldering the capacitor to the positive
00:06:28.879 00:06:28.889 speaker wire and always make sure that
00:06:30.980 00:06:30.990 you apply a strip of heat shrink to the
00:06:33.469 00:06:33.479 wire before you do this joining process
00:06:35.750 00:06:35.760 I can't even tell you guys how many
00:06:37.310 00:06:37.320 times I've forgotten that
00:06:38.570 00:06:38.580 so I'm shrinking this down now use
00:06:40.439 00:06:40.449 heat gun and earlier what I actually did
00:06:42.689 00:06:42.699 is I clipped the positive wire on the
00:06:45.450 00:06:45.460 speaker leads to the tweeter to be much
00:06:47.309 00:06:47.319 more short that way it would match up
00:06:49.709 00:06:49.719 with where the negative wire is you can
00:06:52.079 00:06:52.089 see that here once everything is
00:06:53.579 00:06:53.589 soldered and heat shrink together
00:06:55.320 00:06:55.330 everything is nice and the same length
00:06:57.809 00:06:57.819 for an added bit of protection I'm going
00:06:59.939 00:06:59.949 to take this large piece of heat shrink
00:07:01.529 00:07:01.539 here and add it over the entire assembly
00:07:04.769 00:07:04.779 and don't forget that I have links to
00:07:06.450 00:07:06.460 all of the different items that I'm
00:07:07.829 00:07:07.839 using and down in the video description
00:07:09.629 00:07:09.639 to finalize this wire harness protect
00:07:12.269 00:07:12.279 the wiring and make it so that the wires
00:07:14.129 00:07:14.139 don't vibrate against any metal surfaces
00:07:16.709 00:07:16.719 I'm using this soft tape from JK tapes I
00:07:20.100 00:07:20.110 always like to take a little bit of the
00:07:21.600 00:07:21.610 tape and fold it over on itself and
00:07:23.640 00:07:23.650 leave a little tab that way if I ever do
00:07:25.709 00:07:25.719 need to unwrap this tape it's much
00:07:27.480 00:07:27.490 easier to do so with the harness
00:07:29.670 00:07:29.680 completed and the tweeter now protected
00:07:31.709 00:07:31.719 with this capacitor I can install the
00:07:33.570 00:07:33.580 full assembly back into the vehicle and
00:07:36.059 00:07:36.069 install the tweeter and here they are as
00:07:38.339 00:07:38.349 a quick side note if you'd like to see
00:07:39.659 00:07:39.669 the full fabrication process for these
00:07:41.639 00:07:41.649 tweeters in the sale panel you can check
00:07:43.350 00:07:43.360 out the other video on my channel so
00:07:45.360 00:07:45.370 here on this channel we learn how to
00:07:46.860 00:07:46.870 master car audio and design build and
00:07:49.079 00:07:49.089 install our dream car audio systems if
00:07:51.510 00:07:51.520 you guys enjoyed this video you might
00:07:52.980 00:07:52.990 enjoy some of my others check them out
00:07:54.989 00:07:54.999 here on screen a special thanks to audio
00:07:57.209 00:07:57.219 control for being a sponsor along with
00:07:58.800 00:07:58.810 Bernard John Bryan Ally Jeremy Doug
00:08:00.899 00:08:00.909 Steve Emmanuel and Jerry and the rest of
00:08:02.730 00:08:02.740 the patreon Membership team a big thanks
00:08:04.350 00:08:04.360 to all those guys for making these
00:08:06.179 00:08:06.189 videos possible thank you guys for
00:08:08.519 00:08:08.529 watching
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