00:00:00.000 [Music] 00:00:10.79900:00:10.809 today's engineering topic is funking 00:00:13.77000:00:13.780 cycle so what are we waiting for it 00:00:16.35000:00:16.360 started right away Rankine cycle was 00:00:20.07000:00:20.080 named after Scottish polymath and 00:00:22.23000:00:22.240 Glasgow University professor William 00:00:24.69000:00:24.700 John McCone Rankin it is a vapour power 00:00:27.38900:00:27.399 cycle for a little definition power 00:00:30.26900:00:30.279 cycle is a cycle which is heat to 00:00:32.33900:00:32.349 generate work and since it's a vapour 00:00:34.70900:00:34.719 cycle it uses the vapor phase or in this 00:00:38.13000:00:38.140 case steam to rotate the blades of the 00:00:39.99000:00:40.000 turbine it actually utilizes the heat 00:00:44.04000:00:44.050 energy contained in coal oil for natural 00:00:52.97900:00:52.989 gas and it converts it into mechanical 00:00:56.70000:00:56.710 energy and eventually electrical energy 00:00:59.13000:00:59.140 which of course provides electricity in 00:01:01.73900:01:01.749 our city and in our homes one of the 00:01:04.56000:01:04.570 best definitions for the cycle is that 00:01:06.78000:01:06.790 it closely describes the process of 00:01:09.00000:01:09.010 steam turbine systems and it's derived 00:01:11.28000:01:11.290 from the Carnot cycle the most efficient 00:01:14.21900:01:14.229 thermodynamic cycle which tells us that 00:01:16.85900:01:16.869 power is dependent on the temperature 00:01:18.99000:01:19.000 difference between a heat source and 00:01:20.81900:01:20.829 cold source the higher the difference 00:01:23.42900:01:23.439 the more mechanical power can be 00:01:24.95900:01:24.969 efficiently extracted out of heat energy 00:01:27.85900:01:27.869 so now let's talk about the variance are 00:01:30.77900:01:30.789 the types of Rankine cycle we have a 00:01:33.33000:01:33.340 reheat Rankine cycle it is a cycle which 00:01:36.42000:01:36.430 we introduce the exhausted steam back 00:01:38.34000:01:38.350 into the boiler to reheat it we also 00:01:40.83000:01:40.840 have a regenerative Rankine cycle we 00:01:43.34900:01:43.359 bleed apart the steaming two heat 00:01:44.96900:01:44.979 exchangers to preheat the feed water 00:01:46.92000:01:46.930 before entering the boiler 00:01:48.51000:01:48.520 there is also an organic rankine cycle 00:01:51.14900:01:51.159 it uses an organic high molecular mass 00:01:54.51000:01:54.520 fluid with a boiling point occurring at 00:01:56.81900:01:56.829 lower temperature than the water steam 00:01:58.80000:01:58.810 phase change a supercritical Rankine 00:02:01.80000:02:01.810 cycle is also one of the types 00:02:03.48000:02:03.490 just like we heat and regenerative 00:02:05.19000:02:05.200 Rankine cycle water is the working fluid 00:02:08.09000:02:08.100 but it is operated at above this 00:02:10.98000:02:10.990 critical pressure 00:02:13.00000:02:13.010 so those are the types of ranking cycle 00:02:16.19000:02:16.200 but here on this video we will only 00:02:18.68000:02:18.690 discuss the most basic and fundamental 00:02:20.42000:02:20.430 of the cycle the ideal Rankine cycle we 00:02:24.35000:02:24.360 must be aware first that this operates 00:02:26.36000:02:26.370 slightly different in the real Rankine 00:02:28.43000:02:28.440 cycle this is a reversible cycle common 00:02:32.30000:02:32.310 source of irreversibilities are 00:02:33.86000:02:33.870 neglected such as frictional pressure 00:02:35.36000:02:35.370 drops and undesired heat transfer with 00:02:37.91000:02:37.920 the surroundings a constant pressure or 00:02:40.46000:02:40.470 isobaric process and constant entropy 00:02:47.15000:02:47.160 for isentropic process are used for the 00:02:50.30000:02:50.310 equipment's involved in the cycle the 00:02:52.64000:02:52.650 working fluid is water and it will 00:02:54.89000:02:54.900 undergo a closed loop and will be reused 00:02:57.44000:02:57.450 constantly so why do you use water as 00:03:01.22000:03:01.230 the working fluid well simply because it 00:03:05.09000:03:05.100 is not toxic not reactive highly 00:03:14.30000:03:14.310 abundant love cost and good 00:03:22.34000:03:22.350 thermodynamic properties to make a 00:03:26.99000:03:27.000 Rankine cycle we need four processes 00:03:29.27000:03:29.280 process 1 to 2 for the boiler process 2 00:03:34.67000:03:34.680 to 3 for the turbine 00:03:37.54000:03:37.550 process three to four for the condenser 00:03:41.10000:03:41.110 and finally passes for you one for the 00:03:43.81000:03:43.820 pump and that is what we are going to 00:03:46.60000:03:46.610 discuss for the next part okay so let's 00:03:49.09000:03:49.100 get started four passes wants you to 00:04:02.65000:04:02.660 boiler these are the things that we need 00:04:04.87000:04:04.880 to remember since boiler is a heat 00:04:07.27000:04:07.280 exchanger equipment heat is added into 00:04:10.06000:04:10.070 the boiler through a fuel which may be 00:04:12.31000:04:12.320 coal oil or natural gas here water is 00:04:17.28900:04:17.299 converted into steam or superheated 00:04:19.93000:04:19.940 steam this is an isobaric process or a 00:04:23.20000:04:23.210 constant pressure process the 00:04:26.62000:04:26.630 temperature and entropy for this process 00:04:29.50000:04:29.510 in pieces and we can solve the heat 00:04:32.11000:04:32.120 addition by using the formula we've 00:04:35.20000:04:35.210 added equals with energy administered 00:04:38.26000:04:38.270 energy Inc or enthalpy out minus 00:04:41.95000:04:41.960 enthalpy in for boiler note that this 00:04:46.48000:04:46.490 equation is formed by using mass and 00:04:48.67000:04:48.680 energy rig balance for control building 00:04:50.74000:04:50.750 at steady-state neglecting pressure drop 00:04:53.05000:04:53.060 so those are the important things that 00:04:55.21000:04:55.220 you should remember it understanding the 00:04:57.34000:04:57.350 boiler passes 00:04:58.77000:04:58.78000:05:07.37900:05:07.389 now steam can be used in the next 00:05:09.96900:05:09.979 process which is the process to the trip 00:05:12.24900:05:12.259 turbine turbine is a rate generator 00:05:16.11900:05:16.129 equipment 00:05:16.83900:05:16.849 it contains series of stages are a set 00:05:19.77900:05:19.789 of stationary and moving blades to 00:05:21.93900:05:21.949 perform its function by using the steam 00:05:24.82000:05:24.830 work is generated through the expansion 00:05:27.33900:05:27.349 of vapor which may then be converted 00:05:29.79900:05:29.809 into electricity through generator 00:05:31.86000:05:31.870 compared to the previous process here 00:05:34.83900:05:34.849 since we have an equipment that involves 00:05:36.85000:05:36.860 work isentropic process or constant 00:05:39.67000:05:39.680 integral process is assumed 00:05:41.17000:05:41.180 yes it is a shame because in real world 00:05:43.29900:05:43.309 there is no such thing as ideal on this 00:05:47.73900:05:47.749 process the temperature and pressure 00:05:49.32900:05:49.339 decreases and the formula for the work 00:05:52.14900:05:52.159 is fluid energy in - fluid energy out 00:05:55.83900:05:55.849 are the enthalpy - - and topic 3 00:05:59.39900:05:59.409 note that question is formed by using 00:06:01.98900:06:01.999 mass and energy weight balance for a 00:06:04.32900:06:04.339 control volume at steady state and 00:06:06.12900:06:06.139 lifting heat transfer with the 00:06:08.05000:06:08.060 surroundings steam is now already 00:06:10.68900:06:10.699 exhausted and so we need to take dark 00:06:13.48000:06:13.490 against the boiler but there is no pump 00:06:15.55000:06:15.560 that can pump steam so we need to 00:06:17.88900:06:17.899 convert it first into water through 00:06:19.51000:06:19.520 condensation so this is where our next 00:06:22.57000:06:22.580 process comes in 00:06:25.22000:06:25.23000:06:32.42900:06:32.439 process three to four condenser in order 00:06:36.07000:06:36.080 to condense the steam a heat rejection 00:06:38.49900:06:38.509 must occur most of the power plants 00:06:43.42000:06:43.430 utilize the seawater as a cooling medium 00:06:45.36900:06:45.379 to cool down and condense the steam 00:06:47.90900:06:47.919 condenser consists of tubes to 00:06:49.98900:06:49.999 accommodate the heat transfer of steam 00:06:51.64000:06:51.650 and cooling water where cooling water is 00:06:53.86000:06:53.870 in a separate stream this is a heat 00:06:57.45900:06:57.469 exchange equipment so we assume that 00:06:59.08000:06:59.090 this is an isobaric process or constant 00:07:02.05000:07:02.060 pressure passes the entropy decreases 00:07:05.01900:07:05.029 and the quality of the fluid changes 00:07:07.77900:07:07.789 until it reaches a saturated liquid 00:07:09.96900:07:09.979 state 00:07:10.65900:07:10.669 so from steam to liquid the equation is 00:07:14.35000:07:14.360 heat rejected because fluid energy in - 00:07:17.32000:07:17.330 fluid energy out or enthalpy 3 - 00:07:20.01000:07:20.020 enthalpy for not again that this 00:07:23.37900:07:23.389 equation is formed by using a mass and 00:07:25.24000:07:25.250 energy rate balance for a control volume 00:07:27.42900:07:27.439 in steady state neglecting pressure drop 00:07:33.40000:07:33.41000:07:38.11000:07:38.120 last process is passes for two one pump 00:07:42.01000:07:42.02000:07:44.95000:07:44.960 pumps main purpose is to convey and 00:07:48.02000:07:48.030 introduce back the condensed into the 00:07:49.96900:07:49.979 boiler here work is needed that means 00:07:53.14900:07:53.159 work is negative some plants name this 00:07:55.73000:07:55.740 pump as boiler feed pump and it can be 00:07:58.45900:07:58.469 either steam driven for electric 00:08:00.29000:08:00.300 motor-driven 00:08:00.98000:08:00.990 again since this is a work involve 00:08:03.61900:08:03.629 equipment we assume that this is an 00:08:05.57000:08:05.580 isentropic process or constant entropy 00:08:08.11900:08:08.129 process the temperature slightly 00:08:11.74900:08:11.759 increases and the fluid is in a sub 00:08:14.80900:08:14.819 cooled region in the TS diagram the 00:08:17.77900:08:17.789 formula for the pump is work it was 00:08:20.48000:08:20.490 fluid energy add - fluid energy in work 00:08:23.48000:08:23.490 enthalpy one - input before fluid energy 00:08:27.17000:08:27.180 add our improper at is greater than the 00:08:29.14900:08:29.159 enthalpy as the pump have imparted 00:08:30.83000:08:30.840 energy to the fluid note again that 00:08:34.21900:08:34.22900:08:36.44000:08:36.450 energy rate balance for control volume a 00:08:38.89900:08:38.909 steady state neglecting heat transfer 00:08:41.02900:08:41.039 with the surroundings and one more 00:08:44.08900:08:44.099 important thing please remember that the 00:08:46.34000:08:46.350 pump has the highest pressure in the 00:08:47.78000:08:47.790 whole cycle 00:08:49.88000:08:49.89000:08:57.66000:08:57.670 okay 00:08:58.81000:08:58.820 so let's have a recap starting from the 00:09:01.03000:09:01.040 boiler we convert the liquid water into 00:09:03.13000:09:03.140 steam introduce it into the turbine to 00:09:08.56000:09:08.570 generate work and then we condense it 00:09:10.48000:09:10.490 into the condenser and pump the liquid 00:09:12.73000:09:12.740 water back to the boiler through a 00:09:14.83000:09:14.840 high-pressure pump so that's it 00:09:19.57000:09:19.580 Engineering is a fun thing I always 00:09:21.76000:09:21.770 suspend see you again for our other easy 00:09:24.04000:09:24.050 and fun engineering topics is 00:09:26.01000:09:26.020 engineering engineering topics made easy 00:09:29.47000:09:29.480 and fun for you 00:09:34.55000:09:34.56000:09:38.43000:09:38.440 you
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