/ News & Press / Video / SPANISH MISSIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST 1960s EDUCATIONAL FILM SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO 10164
SPANISH MISSIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST 1960s EDUCATIONAL FILM SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO 10164
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:07.620 [Music] 00:00:32.24000:00:32.250 welcome to our mission every day people 00:00:36.47900:00:36.489 from all over the world come to visit 00:00:38.85000:00:38.860 the old Spanish missions of the 00:00:40.56000:00:40.570 Southwest one of the most popular is 00:00:44.25000:00:44.260 Mission San Juan Capistrano because of 00:00:47.43000:00:47.440 its romantic myth of the swallows legend 00:00:51.54000:00:51.550 tells us that the swallows return each 00:00:54.32900:00:54.339 year on st. Joseph's Day to rebuild 00:00:57.24000:00:57.250 their nests but in truth some arrive 00:01:00.68900:01:00.699 earlier and others return days later but 00:01:08.94000:01:08.950 the missions are not legend they remind 00:01:12.77900:01:12.789 us of a time when Spain ruled what is 00:01:16.29000:01:16.300 now northern Mexico and the southwestern 00:01:19.32000:01:19.330 United States on this northern frontier 00:01:23.55000:01:23.560 of colonial Spain the mission was one of 00:01:27.27000:01:27.280 the most important centers of Spanish 00:01:29.55000:01:29.560 influence by the middle 1700s Spanish 00:01:34.26000:01:34.270 Padres of the Catholic Church had 00:01:36.56900:01:36.579 established many missions in northern 00:01:38.76000:01:38.770 Mexico and Baja California and across 00:01:41.96900:01:41.979 the present-day states of Arizona New 00:01:44.81900:01:44.829 Mexico and Texas father Kino was one of 00:01:52.35000:01:52.360 the most important of the early 00:01:54.20900:01:54.219 missionary explorers more than 250 years 00:01:58.85900:01:58.869 ago he explored the deserts of northern 00:02:02.13000:02:02.140 Mexico and Arizona his explorations led 00:02:06.60000:02:06.610 to the founding of more than 25 missions 00:02:09.33000:02:09.340 in this hot dry land during this period 00:02:16.91000:02:16.920 there were no Spanish settlements in 00:02:19.59000:02:19.600 Alta California until the outposts of 00:02:22.94900:02:22.959 Russian fur traders began to threaten 00:02:25.68000:02:25.690 Spain's northern frontier to protect the 00:02:29.40000:02:29.410 frontier Spain's Inspector General for 00:02:32.78900:02:32.799 say de gálvez directed Father Junipero 00:02:35.91000:02:35.920 Serra to extend the influence 00:02:39.00000:02:39.010 the missions into Alta California from 00:02:45.11900:02:45.129 the mother mission of Loretto in Baja 00:02:47.69900:02:47.709 California father Sarah moved northward 00:02:51.21000:02:51.220 to establish the first mission in Alta 00:02:53.94000:02:53.950 California at San Diego in 1769 after 00:03:02.88000:03:02.890 San Diego 00:03:03.83900:03:03.849 he established Mission San Carlos at 00:03:06.33000:03:06.340 Carmel which became the mission 00:03:08.55000:03:08.560 headquarters for Alta California 00:03:11.08900:03:11.099 eventually this mission chain grew to 21 00:03:15.61900:03:15.629 admission san luis rey built after 00:03:18.83900:03:18.849 father Sarah's death became the largest 00:03:21.27000:03:21.280 mission in all of colonial Spain today 00:03:26.94000:03:26.950 in the garden at Mission San Fernando 00:03:29.96000:03:29.970 this statue honors father Sarah one of 00:03:34.31900:03:34.329 the best remembered of all the spanish 00:03:36.89900:03:36.909 padres each mission has its own colorful 00:03:42.42000:03:42.430 story more than we have time for now but 00:03:46.25900:03:46.269 you can read about them in your history 00:03:47.75900:03:47.769 books all the missions of the Southwest 00:03:51.65900:03:51.669 were built to extend the colonial power 00:03:54.65900:03:54.669 of Spain into this new and unsettled 00:03:57.62900:03:57.639 land the padres selected mission sites 00:04:05.72900:04:05.739 that had fertile soil available water 00:04:08.40000:04:08.410 and building materials and most 00:04:11.36900:04:11.379 important of all enough indians to 00:04:14.69900:04:14.709 establish the mission communities but 00:04:20.12900:04:20.139 the indians were not always willing to 00:04:22.32000:04:22.330 accept a new way of life and many 00:04:25.05000:04:25.060 missions were raided and burned as the 00:04:27.60000:04:27.610 padres struggled to gain a foothold in 00:04:29.90900:04:29.919 the wild ladder 00:04:33.16000:04:33.170 [Applause] 00:04:36.50000:04:36.510 as a mission became firmly established 00:04:39.72000:04:39.730 the Padres directed their Indian 00:04:42.51000:04:42.520 neophytes in the building and decorating 00:04:44.97000:04:44.980 of a church for the bringing of 00:04:47.79000:04:47.800 Christianity to the Indians was one of 00:04:50.40000:04:50.410 the major concerns of the Padres 00:04:52.73000:04:52.74000:05:05.70000:05:05.710 but the missionaries were concerned with 00:05:08.37900:05:08.389 more than religious faith they also 00:05:11.40900:05:11.419 taught their neophytes to use new tools 00:05:13.83900:05:13.849 and how to farm the land soon grain 00:05:18.96900:05:18.979 fields were flourishing and were 00:05:21.10000:05:21.110 harvested to feed the mission community 00:05:27.83900:05:27.849 fruit orchards and vineyards were 00:05:30.15900:05:30.169 planted and livestock grazed on the 00:05:33.04000:05:33.050 hillsides as the missions prospered 00:05:38.33900:05:38.349 settlers from Mexico were encouraged to 00:05:41.68000:05:41.690 move north to establish new settlements 00:05:44.40900:05:44.419 and help strengthen Spain's claim to the 00:05:47.26000:05:47.270 southwest 00:05:56.81000:05:56.820 the road that once linked the missions 00:05:59.57000:05:59.580 and became known as El Camino rayul 00:06:03.04000:06:03.050 disappeared long ago now modern highways 00:06:07.91000:06:07.920 have replaced the roads the Padres once 00:06:10.82000:06:10.830 traveled many missions of the Southwest 00:06:15.80000:06:15.810 have disappeared or stand in ruins 00:06:19.24000:06:19.250 slowly eroding back into the earth from 00:06:22.64000:06:22.650 which they were made 00:06:25.00000:06:25.010 other mission buildings especially the 00:06:28.25000:06:28.260 21 of Alta California have been 00:06:31.07000:06:31.080 partially restored to their former 00:06:32.66000:06:32.670 grandeur some such as Mission San Luis 00:06:37.16000:06:37.170 Obispo stand half-hidden by the cities 00:06:40.67000:06:40.680 that have grown around them 00:06:49.84000:06:49.850 San Antonio and a few others retain some 00:06:53.72000:06:53.730 of their isolation living symbols of a 00:06:57.50000:06:57.510 story that began more than two hundred 00:07:00.32000:07:00.330 years ago whether you visit a restored 00:07:05.93000:07:05.940 mission such as San Francisco decease in 00:07:08.96000:07:08.970 California or visit ruins such as these 00:07:12.23000:07:12.240 at tumacacori in Arizona you can still 00:07:15.80000:07:15.810 see the burned tile and adobe bricks 00:07:18.23000:07:18.240 used to build the walls so long ago the 00:07:25.58000:07:25.590 thick walls were plastered with lime 00:07:28.13000:07:28.140 stucco to protect the soft adobe bricks 00:07:30.98000:07:30.990 from the weather 00:07:41.15900:07:41.169 each mission feature reveals the simple 00:07:44.67000:07:44.680 design and hand workmanship typical of 00:07:47.96900:07:47.979 the mission period the thick walls 00:07:55.61900:07:55.629 permitted decorative window openings 00:07:58.10000:07:58.110 long moorish windows were built at San 00:08:01.23000:08:01.240 Gabriel and star windows are found at 00:08:04.46900:08:04.479 Carmel and San Rafael roof tiles were 00:08:12.20900:08:12.219 first made at San Luis Obispo and later 00:08:15.11900:08:15.129 were used at all the missions of Alta 00:08:17.30900:08:17.319 California the heavy tiles were laid 00:08:20.73000:08:20.740 over a framework of log beams and wild 00:08:23.51900:08:23.529 cane lashed together with rawhide thongs 00:08:30.46900:08:30.479 many of the mission buildings were built 00:08:33.08900:08:33.099 around an enclosed patio and all 00:08:36.00000:08:36.010 featured the arcade or cupboard corridor 00:08:38.88000:08:38.890 common to Spain and Mexico the arches of 00:08:43.43900:08:43.449 the arcades at many missions were 00:08:45.66000:08:45.670 supported by pillars of Adobe or burned 00:08:48.26900:08:48.279 brick the arcade provided a shady 00:08:54.68900:08:54.699 outdoor hallway and also protected the 00:08:57.81000:08:57.820 adobe walls from the rain in Mission 00:09:04.07900:09:04.089 times the ringing of bells regulated the 00:09:07.71000:09:07.720 lives of Indians and Spaniards alike 00:09:10.97000:09:10.980 the bells call them to work as well as 00:09:14.49000:09:14.500 to worship at some missions the bells 00:09:20.69900:09:20.709 were hung in a campanario or bell wall 00:09:23.81000:09:23.820 the company REO at San Gabriel was an 00:09:27.03000:09:27.040 extension of the church wall with 00:09:29.16000:09:29.170 openings for the bells 00:09:36.50000:09:36.510 at other missions bell towers were used 00:09:39.81000:09:39.820 rising one or two stories above the 00:09:42.03000:09:42.040 church wall 00:09:45.62000:09:45.630 although the Padres were often limited 00:09:48.44900:09:48.459 by a lack of materials and skilled labor 00:09:50.94000:09:50.950 they were able to erect buildings that 00:09:53.67000:09:53.680 duplicated many features they remembered 00:09:56.16000:09:56.170 from the elaborate churches of Mexico 00:09:58.53000:09:58.540 and Spain to decorate the plain adobe 00:10:02.97000:10:02.980 walls painted designs were used around 00:10:06.44900:10:06.459 door and window openings in place of 00:10:09.26900:10:09.279 carved stone or decorative tile 00:10:15.41000:10:15.420 sandstone was available at San Xavier in 00:10:18.60000:10:18.610 Arizona and was carved to form an 00:10:21.30000:10:21.310 elaborate ornamental front for the 00:10:23.40000:10:23.410 church 00:10:33.17000:10:33.180 the mission at Santa Barbara now 00:10:35.45000:10:35.460 completely rebuilt has stately columns 00:10:38.42000:10:38.430 and geometrical lines copied from Roman 00:10:41.78000:10:41.790 architecture the original missions were 00:10:48.26000:10:48.270 much more than a church each was a small 00:10:52.19000:10:52.200 industrial community that employed 00:10:54.59000:10:54.600 hundreds of Indians although most of the 00:10:58.40000:10:58.410 buildings have disappeared we can still 00:11:01.07000:11:01.080 see remains of the missions as they were 00:11:03.44000:11:03.450 long ago weathered floors marked the 00:11:09.86000:11:09.870 site of once active shops grinding 00:11:14.54000:11:14.550 stones suggests the harvest of 00:11:16.97000:11:16.980 long-forgotten grain fields tanning vets 00:11:22.60000:11:22.610 olive presses and the ruins of fire pits 00:11:27.89000:11:27.900 where tallow and iron were once melted 00:11:30.35000:11:30.360 are all that is left of typical mission 00:11:33.32000:11:33.330 industries a visit to any of the old 00:11:41.48000:11:41.490 missions is truly a journey into the 00:11:44.60000:11:44.610 past but the mission still lived and 00:11:47.84000:11:47.850 many play an active role in today's 00:11:50.36000:11:50.370 modern world 00:12:00.17000:12:00.180 San Xavier in Arizona continues to serve 00:12:03.86000:12:03.870 the Papago Indian tribe for whom it was 00:12:06.59000:12:06.600 originally built much as it did long ago 00:12:11.62000:12:11.630 the mission provides them with the 00:12:13.94000:12:13.950 skills and knowledge necessary to live 00:12:16.58000:12:16.590 and work in a changing world 00:12:27.63000:12:27.640 many missions also continue to serve as 00:12:30.63000:12:30.640 cultural and social centers recalling 00:12:33.44900:12:33.459 the colorful heritage of Spain and 00:12:35.55000:12:35.560 Mexico and a way of life which is still 00:12:39.06000:12:39.070 a part of the present-day Southwest 00:12:53.62000:12:53.630 my 00:12:54.89000:12:54.90000:13:32.65000:13:32.66000:13:37.04000:13:37.05000:14:04.70000:14:04.710 San Carlos San Buenaventura San Miguel 00:14:08.58000:14:08.590 and many others are still active 00:14:10.86000:14:10.870 churches concerned with the religious 00:14:13.20000:14:13.210 faith of the communities in which they 00:14:15.15000:14:15.160 stand 00:14:16.35000:14:16.36000:14:39.09000:14:39.100 the missions are living reminders of 00:14:42.37000:14:42.380 Spanish influence in the southwest they 00:14:45.91000:14:45.920 remain as a symbol of the courage and 00:14:48.49000:14:48.500 resourcefulness of those who settled 00:14:50.82900:14:50.839 here more than 200 years ago
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