/ News & Press / Video / THE SKID FACTORY - [QUICK TECH] Heat Exchangers Explained
THE SKID FACTORY - [QUICK TECH] Heat Exchangers Explained
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:00.149 welcome back to the skid factory quick 00:00:02.09000:00:02.100 tech today we're going to talk about 00:00:03.64900:00:03.659 heat exchanges 00:00:08.62900:00:08.639 your average motor vehicle is full of 00:00:10.98000:00:10.990 heat exchangers it's certainly a part of 00:00:13.89000:00:13.900 how they operate all these things on the 00:00:16.04900:00:16.059 bench here and on the ground are all 00:00:18.01900:00:18.029 examples of set of heat exchangers that 00:00:20.64000:00:20.650 are used in cars probably the most 00:00:23.97000:00:23.980 obvious that just about every car would 00:00:26.00900:00:26.019 have other than some old Volkswagen it 00:00:28.25900:00:28.269 no one cares about is a radiator for the 00:00:31.32000:00:31.330 coolant there's a exploded view one from 00:00:36.27000:00:36.280 old that said that the tanks pulled 00:00:38.49000:00:38.500 off it there's your average fully 00:00:42.02900:00:42.039 assembled unit out of a Commodore most 00:00:49.08000:00:49.090 people would know that their reason for 00:00:50.72900:00:50.739 a radiator is to dissipate the heat from 00:00:54.84000:00:54.850 the engine coolant to keep the engine at 00:00:57.02900:00:57.039 the correct operating temperature so now 00:01:01.47000:01:01.480 that how it does that is the water pump 00:01:03.63000:01:03.640 circulates coolant around the engine it 00:01:09.05000:01:09.060 transfers heat out of the engine block 00:01:11.66900:01:11.679 and heads and carries it in the engine 00:01:16.41000:01:16.420 coolant which is water based in general 00:01:21.19900:01:21.209 it drops it down into this tank and it 00:01:24.57000:01:24.580 runs down through these tubes so the 00:01:27.33000:01:27.340 coolant flow is obviously pretty slow 00:01:29.33900:01:29.349 those tubes are fairly small so that the 00:01:33.08900:01:33.099 coolant makes its way down at the same 00:01:35.19000:01:35.200 time there's air rushing through these 00:01:38.94000:01:38.950 tiny little bins or turbulator Zoar I'm 00:01:44.76000:01:44.770 sure there's plenty of names for it air 00:01:48.33000:01:48.340 goes through heat transfer occurs again 00:01:54.26000:01:54.270 so it's transferred out into the air 00:01:57.22900:01:57.239 that maintains your temperature in your 00:02:00.63000:02:00.640 engine to whatever it's specified by the 00:02:03.51000:02:03.520 thermostat and a whole other bunch of 00:02:05.04000:02:05.050 things that in the system but that's a 00:02:07.77000:02:07.780 very good example of a heat exchanger 00:02:10.69900:02:10.709 we're taking the heat out of the engine 00:02:15.18000:02:15.190 into the coolant it's a medium to carry 00:02:18.30000:02:18.310 the heat to 00:02:20.18000:02:20.190 this heat exchanger which is then 00:02:22.70000:02:22.710 dissipated and then it's recirculated 00:02:25.13000:02:25.140 other than the radiator the Cooley 00:02:27.38000:02:27.390 engine coolant we have also a need to 00:02:30.98000:02:30.990 cool oil either the engine oil or 00:02:34.66000:02:34.670 alternatively the transmission fluid 00:02:38.14000:02:38.150 sometimes in a race car you probably 00:02:40.16000:02:40.170 want to cool every oil but we'll just 00:02:42.47000:02:42.480 talk about normal cars for the moment so 00:02:45.34000:02:45.350 all colors for your transmission or your 00:02:48.53000:02:48.540 engine common one that you'll find on 00:02:51.62000:02:51.630 most cars that have got automatic 00:02:53.15000:02:53.160 transmissions that are used for anything 00:02:56.29000:02:56.300 sort of heavy-duty work like four drives 00:02:59.21000:02:59.220 that sort of thing for towing would have 00:03:01.19000:03:01.200 a cooler in this fashion probably a lot 00:03:03.68000:03:03.690 bigger than that that's kind of a sort 00:03:07.19000:03:07.200 of a standard sort of Japanese does I - 00:03:08.93000:03:08.940 like a stacked plate so they can make 00:03:11.48000:03:11.490 that cooler out of many stacks higher 00:03:15.50000:03:15.510 you want to go that's actually used for 00:03:18.71000:03:18.720 an engine or cooler in a said 32 I think 00:03:21.35000:03:21.360 it came out of but same sort of design 00:03:24.88000:03:24.890 oil flows in flows down through the the 00:03:28.58000:03:28.590 tubes just a different type of 00:03:31.48000:03:31.490 construction and these little fins then 00:03:34.88000:03:34.890 cool the oil with from the air passing 00:03:38.81000:03:38.820 over it 00:03:41.14000:03:41.150 another way of doing it is to transfer 00:03:44.66000:03:44.670 the heat between the engine coolant and 00:03:47.98000:03:47.990 the oil so that's that's a fairly sort 00:03:52.64000:03:52.650 of common design for that again inside 00:03:57.86000:03:57.870 here is a whole sort of a matrix of 00:04:00.74000:04:00.750 passages the oil travels through it 00:04:03.65000:04:03.660 and the coolant travels through it as 00:04:06.68000:04:06.690 well but they never meet and the heat is 00:04:09.53000:04:09.540 transferred the thing about this sort of 00:04:13.55000:04:13.560 design is if the oils hotter than the 00:04:16.25000:04:16.260 coolant it'll equalize into the cooler 00:04:18.74000:04:18.750 again the other way around it will 00:04:21.52000:04:21.530 transfer coolant heat into the oil so 00:04:26.38000:04:26.390 one of the reasons why they use this 00:04:28.82000:04:28.830 design is because it will bring 00:04:31.28000:04:31.290 everything up to ten 00:04:32.43900:04:32.449 richer more evenly and that helps 00:04:35.51900:04:35.529 prevent wear and things like that so 00:04:40.01900:04:40.029 these are commonly removed and replaced 00:04:42.67000:04:42.680 with that sort of design but there which 00:04:48.30900:04:48.319 is great when you when you're racing the 00:04:49.68900:04:49.699 car you sitting there warming it up 00:04:51.45900:04:51.469 you're not using it but you know modern 00:04:53.79900:04:53.809 everyday vehicle where you missus just 00:04:56.92000:04:56.930 jumps in it and tears off down the road 00:04:58.51000:04:58.520 at mac-10 this helps get everything to 00:05:01.48000:05:01.490 temperature out at an at an even rate 00:05:03.76000:05:03.770 rather than one thing heating up before 00:05:06.27900:05:06.289 the other or oftentimes the transmission 00:05:09.45900:05:09.469 will remain too cold if you put too big 00:05:11.64900:05:11.659 of a transmission cooler on it and that 00:05:13.71900:05:13.729 also affects it so that's sort of a 00:05:18.26900:05:18.279 transferring heat from one fluid into 00:05:21.36900:05:21.379 another eventually it's dissipated by 00:05:23.76900:05:23.779 the radiator so this does load up the 00:05:26.52900:05:26.539 radiator more so the radiator is still 00:05:29.23000:05:29.240 doing all the work even though it's 00:05:30.54900:05:30.559 transferring through two different 00:05:32.67000:05:32.680 fluids transmissions also use these most 00:05:39.10000:05:39.110 of them aren't very good and they tend 00:05:40.71900:05:40.729 to split open and ruin transmissions but 00:05:43.38900:05:43.399 I suspect that's probably more of the 00:05:44.73900:05:44.749 construction of them than the design 00:05:46.74900:05:46.759 itself because this is off a 2jz and 00:05:50.01900:05:50.029 I've never seen one of those fail it's 00:05:52.11900:05:52.129 just junk cars probably the third most 00:05:56.35000:05:56.360 common set of heat exchangers in a car 00:05:59.26000:05:59.270 that you'll find is for the air 00:06:01.14900:06:01.159 conditioning system if still fitted if 00:06:03.67000:06:03.680 you've got an S 13 Silvia obviously you 00:06:05.52900:06:05.539 won't have aircon anymore because you 00:06:07.65900:06:07.669 have to remove it probably not too many 00:06:09.63900:06:09.649 people people care about air 00:06:11.11000:06:11.120 conditioning that will will explain out 00:06:12.79000:06:12.800 so vaguely how it works in a car so both 00:06:18.99900:06:19.009 of these units are heat exchangers this 00:06:22.68900:06:22.699 is the condenser it is too cool what's 00:06:27.61000:06:27.620 being pumped out of the air conditioning 00:06:29.61900:06:29.629 compressor and that causes a change of 00:06:31.95900:06:31.969 state it's then pumped through to this 00:06:35.23000:06:35.240 which is inside your car that is the 00:06:37.68900:06:37.699 evaporator that then due to this switch 00:06:42.57900:06:42.589 again I'm not going to go into this 00:06:44.05000:06:44.060 2-yard but that's the 00:06:45.60000:06:45.610 Tx valve that causes a another change of 00:06:48.57000:06:48.580 state in here which then absorbs heat 00:06:50.39900:06:50.409 out of the inside of the vehicle so they 00:06:54.62900:06:54.639 are heat exchangers but they are used 00:06:56.58000:06:56.590 for a bit more of a specific purpose 00:06:58.73000:06:58.740 than just cooling it's it's to change 00:07:03.95900:07:03.969 the state of the gas to absorb or shed 00:07:06.77900:07:06.789 heat on the topic of aircon most cars 00:07:11.79000:07:11.800 have a heat exchanger like this that's 00:07:13.43900:07:13.449 the heater core will heat a matrix 00:07:16.12900:07:16.139 basically a miniature radiator just does 00:07:22.70900:07:22.719 exactly what the radiator does except 00:07:24.54000:07:24.550 for has a fan on it that blows air 00:07:26.55000:07:26.560 through the ventilation system again if 00:07:31.29000:07:31.300 you've got an S setting Silvia this 00:07:32.87900:07:32.889 isn't connected it's probably still in 00:07:34.89000:07:34.900 the dash but you can't get at it easily 00:07:36.80900:07:36.819 to take it out so it's still there now 00:07:39.45000:07:39.460 we're done with all the boring stuff 00:07:40.40900:07:40.419 let's get on to the power adders in 00:07:43.74000:07:43.750 [Music] 00:07:45.11000:07:45.120 Tagore's that's not a very exciting one 00:07:49.17000:07:49.180 that's just off some jump OEM thing like 00:07:51.26900:07:51.279 a Jeep or something like that we've 00:07:53.67000:07:53.680 chopped the end off it here so we can 00:07:55.29000:07:55.300 have a look inside 00:07:56.36900:07:56.379 to see how they actually work but the 00:08:01.70900:08:01.719 basis of it is it's like a radiator 00:08:03.95900:08:03.969 it's just configured a little bit 00:08:06.02900:08:06.039 differently to suit the volume of air 00:08:09.11900:08:09.129 going through it so say your turbos here 00:08:15.37900:08:15.389 hot air out of the turbo it's been 00:08:17.76000:08:17.770 compressed so it's heated up because 00:08:20.04000:08:20.050 when you squeeze the molecules together 00:08:21.68900:08:21.699 they rub together and then they create 00:08:23.90900:08:23.919 heat it comes in here it goes through 00:08:27.83900:08:27.849 all the fins just like the water goes 00:08:31.74000:08:31.750 through a radiator and air runs through 00:08:36.74000:08:36.750 and it dissipates heat the same way the 00:08:41.85000:08:41.860 big differences here are the volume of 00:08:44.85000:08:44.860 air going through it is exponentially 00:08:48.56900:08:48.579 larger than the water that's traveling 00:08:51.21000:08:51.220 or the coolant that's or the oil or 00:08:53.81900:08:53.829 whatever that's traveling through on 00:08:55.35000:08:55.360 these other heat exchanges so 00:08:58.98000:08:58.990 they have very large openings you see 00:09:02.76000:09:02.770 there so this is a Cuban fin intercooler 00:09:08.99000:09:09.000 there is another type it's called Byron 00:09:12.15000:09:12.160 plate I'll show you in a sec so 00:09:14.97000:09:14.980 basically a tube and fin is very similar 00:09:17.25000:09:17.260 to a normal car radiator the difference 00:09:21.06000:09:21.070 is that the tubes are much larger so 00:09:23.46000:09:23.470 they need to be able to carry the volume 00:09:25.05000:09:25.060 of air without restriction and also they 00:09:28.50000:09:28.510 have actual turbulator Zoar heat 00:09:32.46000:09:32.470 dissipators inside the tubes and 00:09:34.88900:09:34.899 radiators generally don't have that some 00:09:38.61000:09:38.620 of the new stuff does have that and we 00:09:41.40000:09:41.410 have sort of played around with them in 00:09:43.68000:09:43.690 mats 00:09:44.99000:09:45.000 LSR 32 that we built it had a BMW 00:09:49.65000:09:49.660 radiator in it that actually was sort of 00:09:53.61000:09:53.620 built more like an intercooler to be 00:09:56.28000:09:56.290 more efficient at a smaller size so this 00:10:00.68000:10:00.690 really helps get the heat out of the air 00:10:06.38000:10:06.390 and transfer it across into these other 00:10:09.96000:10:09.970 fins that the ambient is passing through 00:10:13.19000:10:13.200 so that's how it works it's very simple 00:10:18.01900:10:18.029 but the Devils in the details so when 00:10:22.74000:10:22.750 you're purchasing your ebay intercooler 00:10:27.35000:10:27.360 the differences in quality are basically 00:10:30.21000:10:30.220 coming down to how these are designed 00:10:33.59000:10:33.600 how dense it is whether that affects 00:10:36.60000:10:36.610 cooling or goes the other way and 00:10:39.24000:10:39.250 restricts it's a it's a balance so a 00:10:43.13000:10:43.140 restrictive intercooler or probably cool 00:10:45.42000:10:45.430 they're a lot better but it also pulls 00:10:47.69000:10:47.700 power out of the engine by making the 00:10:51.38900:10:51.399 turbo work harder than it needs to do 00:10:53.21000:10:53.220 because it's restricting the flow of air 00:10:55.92000:10:55.930 through it so 00:10:59.65000:10:59.660 quick look at a barn plate that's how a 00:11:03.40000:11:03.410 barn played in two colors is assembled 00:11:06.80900:11:06.819 so the bars this is actually a water to 00:11:13.12000:11:13.130 air into cool which we'll talk about in 00:11:14.35000:11:14.360 a second but it's basically two 00:11:17.07900:11:17.089 opposites being stacked on top of each 00:11:19.24000:11:19.250 other rather than that design which is 00:11:21.46000:11:21.470 built like a radiator this is very 00:11:24.40000:11:24.410 common it's easy to produce and they do 00:11:28.68900:11:28.699 work quite well 00:11:31.31900:11:31.329 it's just horses for courses it's up to 00:11:36.97000:11:36.980 you to choose which one you want to go 00:11:38.23000:11:38.240 with these are very heavy they're a good 00:11:41.43900:11:41.449 heat sink because of the weight and 00:11:43.03000:11:43.040 because they're made of aluminium 00:11:44.28000:11:44.290 whereas they're very light and flow air 00:11:48.85000:11:48.860 through them quite well so the last 00:11:52.30000:11:52.310 thing we're going to talk about is water 00:11:53.59000:11:53.600 to air in two colors this is a prototype 00:11:58.24000:11:58.250 sort of thing from mycoyote turbo kit 00:12:01.36000:12:01.370 for the Toyota 86's that we have used to 00:12:06.74900:12:06.759 eventually make cast tanks out of like 00:12:11.11000:12:11.120 that this is a CNC tank which sounds 00:12:14.82900:12:14.839 cool but it's actually not as good as a 00:12:16.36000:12:16.370 cast tank as far as air flow goes but 00:12:19.03000:12:19.040 because it's a cutaway we can see how it 00:12:21.24900:12:21.259 works a lot better so charge air cooling 00:12:26.31900:12:26.329 is commonly what they call watered air 00:12:29.98000:12:29.990 into cooling in some countries it's also 00:12:32.07900:12:32.089 referred to as indirect charge air 00:12:35.11000:12:35.120 cooling in why the OEMs and the reason 00:12:39.30900:12:39.319 for that is because the air is being 00:12:42.04000:12:42.050 cooled the charge air out of the turbo 00:12:45.24900:12:45.259 up into here goes through the core out 00:12:48.67000:12:48.680 into the engine it's not being cooled by 00:12:51.28000:12:51.290 air it's being that the the heat is 00:12:54.37000:12:54.380 being transferred into a coolant which 00:12:57.00900:12:57.019 is generally just engine coolant and 00:13:00.87900:13:00.889 then it is pumped off to a radiator 00:13:04.07900:13:04.089 where it is then cooled by the air so it 00:13:07.60000:13:07.610 that's why they call it refer to as 00:13:09.37000:13:09.380 indirect because it's not being directly 00:13:11.71000:13:11.720 cooled by the air 00:13:13.75000:13:13.760 via a cooling medium or a transfer 00:13:17.29000:13:17.300 medium so the way they build these 00:13:21.25000:13:21.260 things is it's very similar but the 00:13:24.40000:13:24.410 difference is where the air would pass 00:13:27.46000:13:27.470 through to cool the charged air it gets 00:13:32.23000:13:32.240 confusing now because we're talking 00:13:33.34000:13:33.350 about two types of air so I refer to 00:13:35.83000:13:35.840 charge air as what's coming out of the 00:13:37.30000:13:37.310 turbocharger that's going into the 00:13:39.40000:13:39.410 engine 00:13:39.88000:13:39.890 so the charger goes in here and comes 00:13:42.16000:13:42.170 out here the normally you would have 00:13:45.43000:13:45.440 airflow ambient air cooling it on a 00:13:48.64000:13:48.650 normal intercooler on air to where in 00:13:52.00000:13:52.010 this case we are using coolant so the 00:13:55.66000:13:55.670 coolant is pumped through inside here 00:14:02.02000:14:02.030 this is this actual core these are 00:14:06.13000:14:06.140 junked by the way don't buy them that's 00:14:07.93000:14:07.940 why I've got 20 of them in our pile 00:14:10.65000:14:10.660 coolant runs through the smaller 00:14:14.53000:14:14.540 passages air runs through the larger 00:14:17.62000:14:17.630 passages there's a transfer of heat 00:14:21.09000:14:21.100 which is then transferred into the 00:14:24.25000:14:24.260 coolant pumped around to a radiator so 00:14:28.81000:14:28.820 another heat exchanger this can have 00:14:33.79000:14:33.800 many forms this is what our particular 00:14:36.49000:14:36.500 unit looks like it's basically just a 00:14:40.00000:14:40.010 thick radiator air flows through it 00:14:44.61000:14:44.620 cools off the coolant it continues on so 00:14:50.49000:14:50.500 the biggest problem with these things 00:14:52.81000:14:52.820 are is it is very time consuming to get 00:14:56.86000:14:56.870 the right sizes of everything to make it 00:15:00.82000:15:00.830 actually work properly it is not as 00:15:03.34000:15:03.350 simple as just chuck the biggest water 00:15:05.53000:15:05.540 air-to-air intercooler on it you can 00:15:07.03000:15:07.040 find that's easy 00:15:08.47000:15:08.480 put some pipes to it off you go put it 00:15:11.32000:15:11.330 at the front so it gets the coolest air 00:15:13.03000:15:13.040 this is a bit different it is using 00:15:16.09000:15:16.100 coolant so you can have problems with 00:15:19.77000:15:19.780 heat soak in the coolant that you'll get 00:15:22.90000:15:22.910 to a certain temperature and you can 00:15:24.13000:15:24.140 never get it cooler this radiator has to 00:15:26.98000:15:26.990 be 00:15:27.19000:15:27.200 very efficient it has to be right at the 00:15:29.14000:15:29.150 front and it has to have air flow going 00:15:34.24000:15:34.250 through it exclusively you can't let the 00:15:36.46000:15:36.470 air go around it because it will all 00:15:38.74000:15:38.750 these things I've learnt in the process 00:15:40.45000:15:40.460 so it has its place and in my opinion 00:15:45.61000:15:45.620 it's places where air-to-air intercooler 00:15:48.67000:15:48.680 is not practical and that does occur so 00:15:55.05000:15:55.060 supercharging with a positive 00:15:57.85000:15:57.860 displacement blower on the top of the 00:16:00.55000:16:00.560 engine nowadays very common to use air 00:16:04.21000:16:04.220 to air water to air charge cooling get 00:16:08.44000:16:08.450 confused now because it's in within the 00:16:14.95000:16:14.960 design it you cannot move the air out to 00:16:18.46000:16:18.470 the front of the car and back in again 00:16:19.93000:16:19.940 so they place cause similar to this 00:16:22.57000:16:22.580 underneath the supercharger or sometimes 00:16:25.27000:16:25.280 they pull in from the bottom and blow 00:16:27.31000:16:27.320 over the top but that sort of thing then 00:16:30.22000:16:30.230 cools the charge air via coolant so it 00:16:33.91000:16:33.920 has its place 00:16:36.00000:16:36.010 general s13 silvia stuff you wouldn't 00:16:39.28000:16:39.290 use a water darien to cool it you just 00:16:41.65000:16:41.660 use a 600 by 300 off ebay it does work 00:16:47.74000:16:47.750 but it is definitely more difficult to 00:16:50.65000:16:50.660 set up and is not any better so to speak 00:16:53.86000:16:53.870 but it just has its place in a packaging 00:16:56.68000:16:56.690 arrangement that's it for today's quick 00:16:58.90000:16:58.910 tech I hope we've given you a bit of an 00:17:00.91000:17:00.920 insight into how heat exchange works on 00:17:02.86000:17:02.870 a car if you've got any good subjects 00:17:06.31000:17:06.320 for a quick tech then let us know in the 00:17:08.35000:17:08.360 comments otherwise thanks for watching 00:17:24.80000:17:24.810 do you know how much that intercooler 00:17:26.94000:17:26.950 costs bro what's the retail on one of 00:17:30.60000:17:30.610 those much does it cost or how much does 00:17:32.19000:17:32.200 it worth well that's very true 00:17:36.44000:17:36.450 more Jeep parts bro what's going on 00:17:39.68000:17:39.690 peace can you see how they're chopping 00:17:41.97000:17:41.980 it up because it's useless
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