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Webinar - Industrial Boiler Water Treatment and Chemistry - An Introduction
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:00.290 so welcome everybody to the webinar 00:00:03.98000:00:03.990 today we've got a special guest with us 00:00:07.07000:00:07.080 today David Addison from thermal 00:00:09.83000:00:09.840 chemistry limited who's a local guy here 00:00:14.45000:00:14.460 from the Waikato but travels the world 00:00:16.76000:00:16.770 these days looking at all sorts of 00:00:18.98000:00:18.990 things and in particular specialists in 00:00:20.81000:00:20.820 industrial boiler water treatment in 00:00:23.77900:00:23.789 chemistry and so we're privileged having 00:00:27.17000:00:27.180 with us today to talk about some fairly 00:00:29.30000:00:29.310 unique and and very important topics in 00:00:33.22900:00:33.239 regards to not just the performance and 00:00:36.17000:00:36.180 efficiency you boiler plant but also in 00:00:37.88000:00:37.890 terms of its reliability and and 00:00:39.77000:00:39.780 longevity so on that note I'll hand the 00:00:43.54900:00:43.559 time over to David and just a reminder 00:00:45.20000:00:45.210 for any of you that have questions 00:00:46.97000:00:46.980 through the day today's webinar you feel 00:00:49.79000:00:49.800 free to use the question portal and 00:00:51.70900:00:51.719 we'll hopefully address them either 00:00:54.29000:00:54.300 either at the end of the webinar or as 00:00:56.36000:00:56.370 we go through if it's appropriate so on 00:00:58.72900:00:58.739 that note welcome David great to have 00:01:00.83000:01:00.840 you here and we'll we'll let you get 00:01:02.11900:01:02.129 underway cool all right thanks James all 00:01:06.35000:01:06.360 right so what we got here is a dusty old 00:01:09.32000:01:09.330 boiler water treatment in chemistry and 00:01:11.45000:01:11.460 it's a very brief introduction my 00:01:14.60000:01:14.610 background is primarily in large fossil 00:01:16.55000:01:16.560 plants I turned up at the Huntley power 00:01:19.99900:01:20.009 station as a recent graduate speaking to 00:01:22.67000:01:22.680 be there for a summer job and quite a 00:01:24.49900:01:24.509 few years ago and took me about 11 years 00:01:26.81000:01:26.820 to escape so I've been kicking around 00:01:28.58000:01:28.590 boilers for quite a while but you know 00:01:30.53000:01:30.540 what with cogent plants smaller 00:01:32.81000:01:32.820 industrial boilers all the way from 00:01:34.49000:01:34.500 little wee ones at what we call 00:01:37.10000:01:37.110 supercritical units for large-scale 00:01:39.10900:01:39.119 fossil plants so this is going to be let 00:01:45.13900:01:45.149 me just get this thing to work all right 00:01:46.88000:01:46.890 so what we're going to run through is 00:01:48.02000:01:48.030 with a bit of an introduction over the 00:01:49.58000:01:49.590 water cycle chemistry talk about water 00:01:51.77000:01:51.780 tube and fire tube boilers which are the 00:01:54.74000:01:54.750 most common industrial types a little 00:01:56.78000:01:56.790 bit on what is corrosion what is 00:01:58.03900:01:58.049 deposition chemistry guidelines there's 00:02:00.85900:02:00.869 a number of guidelines that you can 00:02:02.84000:02:02.850 operate clients to landis always 00:02:04.63900:02:04.649 recommended that you run to a guideline 00:02:06.23000:02:06.240 a little bit of our ayats which is the 00:02:08.54000:02:08.550 International Association for the 00:02:09.94900:02:09.959 properties water and steam which is a 00:02:11.47900:02:11.489 free resource for cycle chemist 00:02:14.21000:02:14.220 information and then we'll run through 00:02:16.22000:02:16.230 each of the key aspects of industrial 00:02:17.84000:02:17.850 boilers control just briefly touch on 00:02:20.69000:02:20.700 each of those and then summary this is a 00:02:23.50000:02:23.510 very brief introduction to the subject 00:02:25.88000:02:25.890 and it is very complex and multifaceted 00:02:28.75000:02:28.760 every plant is unique to some degree and 00:02:32.63000:02:32.640 in every plants chemistry program is 00:02:34.76000:02:34.770 customizable to a degree it might be 00:02:36.56000:02:36.570 that you run all the time it might be 00:02:38.09000:02:38.100 that you run once a week it might be 00:02:40.88000:02:40.890 that you have to produce steam that has 00:02:42.98000:02:42.990 a certain chemistry because you're 00:02:45.92000:02:45.930 contacting food or you're going through 00:02:47.93000:02:47.940 a certain type of turbine and there's a 00:02:50.54000:02:50.550 variety advice out there available in an 00:02:52.76000:02:52.770 industry and not all of it is correct 00:02:55.49000:02:55.500 was a correct as it should be there's a 00:02:57.02000:02:57.030 lot of people selling various chemical 00:02:58.94000:02:58.950 treatments for industrial boilers and 00:03:00.83000:03:00.840 power boilers as well if you you know 00:03:04.76000:03:04.770 think about it you you may have a vested 00:03:06.89000:03:06.900 interest and promoting a certain type of 00:03:08.84000:03:08.850 chemistry if you're going to make a 00:03:10.07000:03:10.080 bunch of money at someone buying a 00:03:11.60000:03:11.610 certain product the work that I do I'm a 00:03:14.75000:03:14.760 pure consultant we don't sell anything 00:03:16.97000:03:16.980 don't sell any hardware don't sell any 00:03:18.41000:03:18.420 chemicals so we try to offer on 00:03:20.75000:03:20.760 impartial advice solve problems for 00:03:24.19900:03:24.209 people the other thing is this is only 00:03:26.06000:03:26.070 an hour through the reading will be 00:03:27.94900:03:27.959 required for deep understanding and 00:03:29.72000:03:29.730 we're not really going to go into any 00:03:31.75900:03:31.769 great detail around corrosion mechanisms 00:03:33.83000:03:33.840 and what we intend to do is do a 00:03:35.12000:03:35.130 following webinar some point in the next 00:03:38.21000:03:38.220 few months where what we do is we'll go 00:03:39.89000:03:39.900 through sort of the key corrosion 00:03:42.22900:03:42.239 failure type problems that can occur in 00:03:44.33000:03:44.340 industrial plants and talk about what 00:03:46.28000:03:46.290 they are how to identify them what the 00:03:48.59000:03:48.600 mechanism is and what the root causes so 00:03:51.11000:03:51.120 they perhaps in your own plants you can 00:03:53.06000:03:53.070 maybe take some preemptive steps to stop 00:03:55.16000:03:55.170 those types of problems from happening 00:03:56.80000:03:56.810 so first up what a cycle chemistry it's 00:03:59.99000:04:00.000 the chemical treatment of water and 00:04:01.88000:04:01.890 steam within a boil or steam raising 00:04:03.74000:04:03.750 plant and it encompasses the water 00:04:06.65000:04:06.660 treatment the makeup water you've got to 00:04:08.50900:04:08.519 put water into the boiler somehow so you 00:04:11.18000:04:11.190 got to do normally do some kind of 00:04:12.50000:04:12.510 treatment through that it's the chemical 00:04:14.96000:04:14.970 treatment of feed water and the boiler 00:04:16.64000:04:16.650 water and these two things are normally 00:04:18.59000:04:18.600 addressed separately and then also 00:04:20.21000:04:20.220 sampling and analysis for control you 00:04:23.06000:04:23.070 know you you can't control what you 00:04:25.31000:04:25.320 can't measure so one way or the other 00:04:27.17000:04:27.180 you need to know 00:04:28.04000:04:28.050 what's going on and this could be a fire 00:04:30.32000:04:30.330 tube or water tube what we call a heat 00:04:32.74900:04:32.759 recovery steam generator system so what 00:04:34.96900:04:34.979 we'll talk about basically what those 00:04:36.89000:04:36.900 are so and and you might have a boiler 00:04:39.52900:04:39.539 that produces what we saturated steam so 00:04:41.83900:04:41.849 it's its saturation temperature or as 00:04:44.74900:04:44.759 perhaps superheated where additional 00:04:46.43000:04:46.440 heat inputs been added and there's 00:04:48.83000:04:48.840 different requirements and different 00:04:50.14900:04:50.159 problems that occur from there and 00:04:51.61900:04:51.629 basically all the industrial boiler 00:04:54.08000:04:54.090 cycle chemistry information and 00:04:56.80900:04:56.819 knowledge and guidance out there is 00:04:58.15900:04:58.169 derived from the sides behind the power 00:05:00.77000:05:00.780 boilers and the heat recovery steam 00:05:02.24000:05:02.250 generator cycle chemistry so HR heat 00:05:05.20900:05:05.219 recovery steam generator is what we put 00:05:06.49900:05:06.509 behind large gas turbines if you're 00:05:08.51000:05:08.520 driving on the motorway and all clean 00:05:11.02900:05:11.039 you go passio - who do power station 00:05:12.80000:05:12.810 that's what that is and that's it so 00:05:14.39000:05:14.400 just just another type of boiler but we 00:05:16.33900:05:16.349 don't really want to too much on that so 00:05:18.52900:05:18.539 why cycle chemistry what we're what 00:05:20.83900:05:20.849 we're trying to do is prevent corrosion 00:05:22.76000:05:22.770 and deep position related failures and 00:05:25.07000:05:25.080 of obviously if you're a boiler Springs 00:05:27.20000:05:27.210 a big leak it's not gonna run so we call 00:05:29.24000:05:29.250 that a forced outage of the feed system 00:05:31.82000:05:31.830 the boiler HT and the steam path so all 00:05:34.58000:05:34.590 these images here bad days in the office 00:05:37.12900:05:37.139 this is a severe Pettine damage which is 00:05:39.55900:05:39.569 actually caused the leak and a super 00:05:41.62900:05:41.639 heater here's what we call a short-term 00:05:43.15900:05:43.169 overheating failure and another plant 00:05:44.74900:05:44.759 and this is a multi-colored turbine 00:05:47.02900:05:47.039 because some of the chemical components 00:05:49.43000:05:49.440 and the feedwater have ended up on a 00:05:51.32000:05:51.330 turbine and it's not really great 00:05:53.80900:05:53.819 because it significantly impacts on 00:05:56.02900:05:56.039 performance of it steam turbine so 00:05:59.05900:05:59.069 what's the most common industrial boiler 00:06:01.01000:06:01.020 it's what we call the foster wheeler 00:06:02.33000:06:02.340 d-type it's called the d-type because 00:06:05.45000:06:05.460 when you look at it in the side profile 00:06:06.80000:06:06.810 the the shape of the drum and the tubes 00:06:08.74900:06:08.759 makes a d but basically you have a 00:06:11.05900:06:11.069 cavity there'll be a flame going and 00:06:14.68900:06:14.699 there might be gas or oil series of 00:06:18.23000:06:18.240 tubes that pick up heat we have a steam 00:06:20.20900:06:20.219 drum up here that assisting water 00:06:21.86000:06:21.870 separation and there'll be a super 00:06:23.36000:06:23.370 heater on the back here if it is one of 00:06:25.79000:06:25.800 those and it's really the most common 00:06:27.40900:06:27.419 type worldwide and you know they wear 00:06:30.26000:06:30.270 says one that's all fully cleared and in 00:06:32.26900:06:32.279 service and a plan and they they range 00:06:33.89000:06:33.900 in size but you know from few tons are 00:06:36.52900:06:36.539 now at tens of tons an hour and this is 00:06:39.58900:06:39.599 what a lot like inside profile really 00:06:41.42000:06:41.430 it's 00:06:41.83000:06:41.840 it's you have a feedwater drum at the 00:06:43.90000:06:43.910 bottom what it comes in Rises the heat 00:06:47.50000:06:47.510 there starts to boil in these tubes 00:06:49.45000:06:49.460 comes up into the steam drum with water 00:06:51.25000:06:51.260 steam separation occurs steam will come 00:06:53.77000:06:53.780 out go through the superheater 00:06:55.12000:06:55.130 and how it goes and it may be an 00:06:56.56000:06:56.570 economizer onto the back here as well 00:06:59.37900:06:59.389 just depends on design but we call there 00:07:02.50000:07:02.510 water to boiler the water is in the 00:07:05.05000:07:05.060 tubes in the fire or the heat is in the 00:07:07.78000:07:07.790 gas space around there the second most 00:07:10.33000:07:10.340 common type particularly new zealand 00:07:12.07000:07:12.080 frontier has a lot of these what we call 00:07:13.65900:07:13.669 water-tube boilers and this is basically 00:07:16.18000:07:16.190 directly evolved from the old steam 00:07:18.40000:07:18.410 trains in here we have basically a tank 00:07:21.73000:07:21.740 which is full of water with a sequence 00:07:23.23000:07:23.240 of tubes running through it and the fire 00:07:25.06000:07:25.070 is within the tubes okay so the owner at 00:07:28.93000:07:28.940 one end and hot gases flows through 00:07:31.60000:07:31.610 those tubes and the heat transfer occurs 00:07:33.49000:07:33.500 and then it boils within this vessel and 00:07:36.12900:07:36.139 there's some steam separation and off it 00:07:37.96000:07:37.970 goes so water to boil is really only 00:07:39.70000:07:39.710 produce my experience only produced 00:07:42.12900:07:42.139 saturated steam where a fire tube sorry 00:07:47.56000:07:47.570 I put water tube boiler on here when I 00:07:50.44000:07:50.450 meant to put fire tube so there's a typo 00:07:52.09000:07:52.100 on that slide so that's terrible of me 00:07:53.62000:07:53.630 but a water tube boiler will produce 00:07:58.14000:07:58.150 normally produced superheated steam 00:08:00.19000:08:00.200 where a fire tube boilers normally only 00:08:02.14000:08:02.150 saturated steam so it's correct on this 00:08:04.87000:08:04.880 slide which is one also looking at one 00:08:06.58000:08:06.590 on the outside and here we have the 00:08:07.93000:08:07.940 burner and the in box here and then 00:08:10.24000:08:10.250 there will be a sequence of tubes if 00:08:11.46900:08:11.479 flames flow through there and and this 00:08:13.99000:08:14.000 slide here just really shows a 00:08:15.43000:08:15.440 difference so we have a water to boiler 00:08:17.29000:08:17.300 it is to flame here and then the water 00:08:19.75000:08:19.760 comes in as water at the bottom here and 00:08:21.87900:08:21.889 there's it rises up it starts to form 00:08:23.46900:08:23.479 steam and then there's a is a fraction a 00:08:25.33000:08:25.340 steam that comes out and often the water 00:08:26.89000:08:26.900 recycle don't come and then we have a 00:08:30.33900:08:30.349 fire true boiler where water is from the 00:08:32.98000:08:32.990 tank its surrounding the tubes and the 00:08:34.93000:08:34.940 flame or the heat flows through there 00:08:36.69900:08:36.709 okay so chemistry problems are different 00:08:40.12000:08:40.130 similar in a lot of respects so what a 00:08:43.36000:08:43.370 true saturated or superheated steam and 00:08:45.34000:08:45.350 these can be low-pressure few bar timber 00:08:48.37000:08:48.380 to up to 180 bar and that's about the 00:08:50.86000:08:50.870 limit what we call subcritical boilers 00:08:53.57900:08:53.589 anything higher than they 00:08:55.21000:08:55.220 we pretty much get into supercritical 00:08:56.74000:08:56.750 which is far beyond the realms of 00:08:58.62900:08:58.639 industrial boilers but it's very very 00:09:00.28000:09:00.290 interesting chemistry if they're 00:09:02.71000:09:02.720 superheated steam and then we have to be 00:09:04.54000:09:04.550 very concerned about superheated 00:09:06.16000:09:06.170 corrosion and in the position control 00:09:08.19900:09:08.209 because that's absolutely critical so 00:09:10.03000:09:10.040 pretty much most industrial boilers that 00:09:12.28000:09:12.290 have super heaters will end up having 00:09:13.86900:09:13.879 some problem at some point in their 00:09:16.17900:09:16.189 lives and the record that I've seen 00:09:19.60000:09:19.610 complete destruction of super heaters 00:09:21.46000:09:21.470 after a few years operation I've seen 00:09:23.67900:09:23.689 complete destruction after 18 months and 00:09:25.86900:09:25.879 I've seen complete structure enough for 00:09:27.22000:09:27.230 about five days on this when they got 00:09:29.88900:09:29.899 absolutely everything wrong fire tube 00:09:32.82900:09:32.839 saturated steam only very normally only 00:09:35.35000:09:35.360 around 10 bar pressure in in less 00:09:37.50900:09:37.519 complex and water-tube boilers so much 00:09:39.57900:09:39.589 simpler to operate so what does 00:09:42.00900:09:42.019 corrosion corrosion is the wearing away 00:09:44.41000:09:44.420 metals due to a chemical reaction so you 00:09:46.86900:09:46.879 your bilge plant out of normally carbon 00:09:49.56900:09:49.579 steel as the most common material and 00:09:51.30900:09:51.319 corrosion is that carbon steel wanting 00:09:53.53000:09:53.540 to turn back into a you know fall back 00:09:56.01900:09:56.029 down the energy tree and go back into 00:09:58.42000:09:58.430 the raw material that it was in the 00:10:00.04000:10:00.050 ground before it got dug out and refined 00:10:01.92900:10:01.939 and turned into a steel so it's it's the 00:10:04.99000:10:05.000 disintegration of the material into its 00:10:07.59000:10:07.600 Stewart atoms due to chemical reactions 00:10:10.15000:10:10.160 or surroundings and it's it's basically 00:10:11.55900:10:11.569 electrochemical oxidation process okay 00:10:13.90000:10:13.910 and obviously if your tube is trying to 00:10:17.43900:10:17.449 turn back into something else eventually 00:10:19.03000:10:19.040 it'll start to leak or you have a 00:10:20.76900:10:20.779 failure if it's holding some kind of 00:10:23.01900:10:23.029 pressure so what is D position the 00:10:26.76900:10:26.779 position is a transport of material onto 00:10:28.62900:10:28.639 a surface so or in a boiler it's 00:10:31.48000:10:31.490 normally receiver a suspended solid 00:10:35.67000:10:35.680 which has been picked up from one 00:10:37.72000:10:37.730 location so in the case of boilers often 00:10:39.87900:10:39.889 this is you have corrosion in one 00:10:42.06900:10:42.079 location so you've corrosion of carbon 00:10:43.84000:10:43.850 steel you end up with an iron oxide 00:10:45.69900:10:45.709 probably magnetite or hematite and then 00:10:48.93900:10:48.949 that gets transported and deposited onto 00:10:50.94900:10:50.959 another surface where that may cause you 00:10:52.74900:10:52.759 some more problems might be heat 00:10:54.18900:10:54.199 transfer or may become a location where 00:10:56.19900:10:56.209 other corrosion can occur the other part 00:10:58.48000:10:58.490 of the position is that if you have 00:10:59.79900:10:59.809 something dissolved into the water like 00:11:01.62900:11:01.639 in this image here showing silica 00:11:03.79000:11:03.800 deposition and side of boiler so what's 00:11:06.06900:11:06.079 happened is has been a bit too much 00:11:07.44900:11:07.459 dissolved silica in there and is 00:11:09.04000:11:09.050 temperatures of moved around that's 00:11:10.93000:11:10.940 changed the solubility profile and 00:11:13.06000:11:13.070 you've had silica precipitation on to 00:11:15.40000:11:15.410 that surface it's a problem in boilers 00:11:18.43000:11:18.440 because it affects heat transfer and it 00:11:20.07900:11:20.089 can cause overheating and it's a major 00:11:21.63900:11:21.649 problem and steam turbines because it 00:11:23.53000:11:23.540 all cause normally efficiency or output 00:11:29.13900:11:29.149 issues because you get a buildup on to 00:11:30.73000:11:30.740 the blades it disrupts the lamina flow 00:11:32.50000:11:32.510 on the turbine of the steam and then the 00:11:34.84000:11:34.850 two-point efficiency falls right away we 00:11:37.54000:11:37.550 don't want it 00:11:38.17000:11:38.180 um terms of the plan itself it's the 00:11:42.43000:11:42.440 bulk of the plants carbon steel already 00:11:44.19900:11:44.209 mentioned there and and what good 00:11:46.66000:11:46.670 chemistry does is it actually forms a 00:11:48.88000:11:48.890 stable oxide but like your aluminium and 00:11:51.69900:11:51.709 the aluminium oxide on you and the 00:11:53.25900:11:53.269 aluminium beer cans okay and what we're 00:11:55.66000:11:55.670 trying to form as a stable minger Titan 00:11:58.12000:11:58.130 hematite oxide on the surface and what 00:12:00.25000:12:00.260 the corrosion does is it disrupts those 00:12:02.41000:12:02.420 protective oxide so listen any kind of 00:12:05.38000:12:05.390 boiler plant we have particular oxides 00:12:07.36000:12:07.370 which we get the reaction to go right is 00:12:10.72000:12:10.730 a very quick very a self-limiting 00:12:13.87000:12:13.880 reaction where you get a few microns of 00:12:15.81900:12:15.829 oxide formed and it's since that you 00:12:17.82900:12:17.839 grow and and it stays here 00:12:19.99000:12:20.000 corrosion disrupt set or heavy 00:12:22.63000:12:22.640 deposition will deposit more material on 00:12:24.63900:12:24.649 top of it and then result more problem 00:12:26.31900:12:26.329 so so that's basically what corrosion is 00:12:29.01900:12:29.029 it's as disruption of those oxides 00:12:31.80000:12:31.810 material gets lost from underneath the 00:12:34.09000:12:34.100 oxide and then you're thinning and 00:12:35.59000:12:35.600 failures and the type and location and 00:12:37.99000:12:38.000 that corrosion depends on the design the 00:12:39.81900:12:39.829 temperatures the pressures and and we'll 00:12:41.62000:12:41.630 talk about that and follow-up webinar 00:12:44.50000:12:44.510 that we'll do later on in the year in 00:12:46.31900:12:46.329 terms of the position the biggest issue 00:12:49.75000:12:49.760 in the industrial boilers as he keep 00:12:51.63900:12:51.649 deposits on the heat transfer surfaces 00:12:53.71000:12:53.720 so these can be the boiler tubes and 00:12:55.78000:12:55.790 heating tubes and obviously things like 00:12:58.24000:12:58.250 silica heavy silica deposits or calcium 00:13:01.60000:13:01.610 magnesium deposits have quite 00:13:05.05000:13:05.060 significant insulating effects and what 00:13:07.36000:13:07.370 it means is that the tube is no longer 00:13:09.40000:13:09.410 being cooled by the water or the steam 00:13:11.50000:13:11.510 that's flowing through it and what 00:13:13.78000:13:13.790 happens is basically the material will 00:13:16.15000:13:16.160 approach the gas side temperature and 00:13:18.04000:13:18.050 you'll get what call it creep failure 00:13:20.01900:13:20.029 and this can happen quite quickly 00:13:22.48900:13:22.499 particularly if the tube is blocked by 00:13:24.64900:13:24.659 the depositor some maintenance debris 00:13:26.68900:13:26.699 but creep failures predominantly in 00:13:29.68900:13:29.699 super heaters but they can't happen and 00:13:31.18900:13:31.199 natural boiler tubes and it's not a not 00:13:34.99900:13:35.009 a good day in the office because 00:13:36.01900:13:36.029 normally if one tube goes you've got a 00:13:37.57900:13:37.589 bunch of them they're gonna go as well 00:13:39.30900:13:39.319 alright so history cycle chemistry 00:13:42.28900:13:42.299 wizard or come from originally came from 00:13:44.50900:13:44.519 steam trains and this is a steam train 00:13:46.99900:13:47.009 with a higher two boiler okay you can 00:13:50.86900:13:50.879 see the troops here and he's having a 00:13:52.00900:13:52.019 bit of a bad day in the office because 00:13:53.53900:13:53.549 he's obviously had a catastrophic 00:13:54.55900:13:54.569 failure of his boiler so next we're 00:13:57.76900:13:57.779 basically boiler chemistry came out of 00:14:00.22900:14:00.239 there was the Industrial Revolution 00:14:01.33900:14:01.349 started boilers were invented and they 00:14:03.97900:14:03.989 started running them and they started to 00:14:05.26900:14:05.279 have all kinds of problems with boilers 00:14:06.91900:14:06.929 exploding and killing people and steam 00:14:10.06900:14:10.079 trains not run on time and the whole 00:14:12.22900:14:12.239 area of boiler cycle chemistry science 00:14:15.04900:14:15.059 was developed to try to improve the 00:14:16.96900:14:16.979 reliability of these engines and then 00:14:18.67900:14:18.689 stationary engines and factories and 00:14:20.59900:14:20.609 that's where it's all kind of come from 00:14:22.12900:14:22.139 so if you need some guidance there are 00:14:25.51900:14:25.529 some guidelines out there rule boilers 00:14:27.67900:14:27.689 as me in the US has a guideline that you 00:14:30.67900:14:30.689 can purchase it's the consensus document 00:14:33.49900:14:33.509 on operating practices that maybe a 00:14:36.79900:14:36.809 couple of hundred bucks New Zealand for 00:14:38.71900:14:38.729 their psi the British standards have 00:14:41.89900:14:41.909 another one recommendations for the 00:14:44.38900:14:44.399 treatment of for steam boilers and water 00:14:45.76900:14:45.779 heaters this is quite old and quite out 00:14:47.65900:14:47.669 of date you can purchase it as well so 00:14:49.33900:14:49.349 AF Singh's it standards is really 00:14:51.61900:14:51.629 nothing available and then there's also 00:14:54.10900:14:54.119 these IX guidelines from the 00:14:55.78900:14:55.799 International Association probably the 00:14:56.98900:14:56.999 water and steam these are free these are 00:14:59.02900:14:59.039 primarily focused on power plants but 00:15:00.97900:15:00.989 they do have the replicability the 00:15:02.71900:15:02.729 industrial boilers and there are some 00:15:04.38900:15:04.399 discussion around whether I should 00:15:06.46900:15:06.479 produce an industrial boiler guideline 00:15:08.56900:15:08.579 as well so just quickly on their IEPs if 00:15:11.02900:15:11.039 you've ever used the steam table you 00:15:13.33900:15:13.349 would have you some I it's technology so 00:15:15.04900:15:15.059 it's a non-profit association made up of 00:15:17.47900:15:17.489 national organizations New Zealand's a 00:15:19.03900:15:19.049 member I'm people involved in it and all 00:15:21.94900:15:21.959 very interested in the thermo physical 00:15:23.32900:15:23.339 properties of water and steam and 00:15:25.57900:15:25.589 particularly for thermal power plants 00:15:28.30900:15:28.319 and industrial applications and you go 00:15:30.91900:15:30.929 to the website and you can find a bunch 00:15:32.44900:15:32.459 of guidelines that were talked about 00:15:33.46900:15:33.479 there's ones for measuring I think will 00:15:35.17900:15:35.189 carry over 00:15:36.19900:15:36.209 is volatile treatments for steam water 00:15:38.21000:15:38.220 circuits a fossil a combined cycle 00:15:39.71000:15:39.720 plants phosphate and caustic treatments 00:15:42.35000:15:42.360 for mine cycle and fossil power plants 00:15:45.53000:15:45.540 there's some instrumentation guideline 00:15:47.56900:15:47.579 is some steam purity if you've got steam 00:15:49.63900:15:49.649 turbine you want to know a bit more 00:15:51.01900:15:51.029 about steam purity for your turbine 00:15:52.51900:15:52.529 operation this stuff there there's 00:15:54.31900:15:54.329 another one for corrosion product sound 00:15:56.38900:15:56.399 analysis which is quite useful as well 00:15:59.32900:15:59.339 and you can get all of these off the 00:16:01.06900:16:01.079 iights website if you get better than I 00:16:03.35000:16:03.360 it's not org and then click on technical 00:16:05.32900:16:05.339 guidance documents it'll it'll take you 00:16:07.10000:16:07.110 through to there and they're all free to 00:16:08.56900:16:08.579 an available to download so what are the 00:16:11.41900:16:11.429 key aspects of industrial boiler cycle 00:16:13.97000:16:13.980 chemistry control obviously effective 00:16:15.85900:16:15.869 makeup makeup water treatment and to 00:16:17.80900:16:17.819 that we're going to go through each of 00:16:19.06900:16:19.079 these feed water pH corrosion control 00:16:21.46000:16:21.470 feed water dissolved gases control 00:16:24.34000:16:24.350 boiler pH and corrosion control boiler 00:16:27.65000:16:27.660 scale control boiler blow down control 00:16:30.69900:16:30.709 saturated steam V position and corrosion 00:16:33.71000:16:33.720 control superheated steam D position and 00:16:35.98900:16:35.999 corrosion control steam turbine D 00:16:38.29900:16:38.309 position and corrosion control if you 00:16:39.85900:16:39.869 have a steam turbine not all plants do 00:16:42.63900:16:42.649 condensate return purity control 00:16:45.54900:16:45.559 sampling analysis layup and storage 00:16:48.61900:16:48.629 protection that's that's basically what 00:16:53.15000:16:53.160 we're going to what we're going to touch 00:16:54.16900:16:54.179 on today as we go through so first one 00:16:57.35000:16:57.360 effective make up water treatment so 00:16:59.73900:16:59.749 water treatment is as the removal of 00:17:02.84000:17:02.850 unwanted suspended and dissolved ions 00:17:04.66900:17:04.679 prior to entering and boiler so if we 00:17:07.85000:17:07.860 took the lovely Waikato River water and 00:17:10.61000:17:10.620 we put that straight into a boiler it's 00:17:13.85000:17:13.860 got both suspended material maybe maybe 00:17:16.93900:17:16.949 the odds swimmer and things like that 00:17:18.28900:17:18.299 still in there I'm in a whole lot of 00:17:20.12000:17:20.130 dissolved material and as we start to 00:17:21.94900:17:21.959 heat it up we changed some abilities and 00:17:24.19900:17:24.209 we'll get an awful lot of deep position 00:17:25.37000:17:25.380 and the water may actually be quite 00:17:26.77900:17:26.789 corrosive as well 00:17:28.97000:17:28.980 higher the pressure the boiler the more 00:17:31.03900:17:31.049 critical the water treatment is and this 00:17:32.72000:17:32.730 is because as you increase the pressure 00:17:34.82000:17:34.830 operating pressure of a boiler your 00:17:37.10000:17:37.110 tolerance because for cycle chemistry 00:17:40.66900:17:40.679 problems goes down and down and down 00:17:42.52900:17:42.539 currently there's higher the temperature 00:17:43.97000:17:43.980 the faster the reaction rates 00:17:46.26900:17:46.279 solubilities change with pressure and 00:17:48.28900:17:48.299 temperature as well 00:17:49.86000:17:49.870 so normally you know lesson 10 bath oil 00:17:53.22000:17:53.230 is all around him you want potable water 00:17:55.50000:17:55.510 potable waters had most of the suspended 00:17:58.76900:17:58.779 solids removed should have you know 00:18:00.33000:18:00.340 probably less than 0.3 in tea use of 00:18:02.73000:18:02.740 stability in there and normally it'll go 00:18:05.49000:18:05.500 through a water softener and in order 00:18:07.28900:18:07.299 water softener deserts remove some metal 00:18:09.26900:18:09.279 cations only so it takes out magnesium 00:18:11.54900:18:11.559 and calcium and substitutes those with 00:18:14.07000:18:14.080 sodium ions and less commonly fir say 00:18:17.33000:18:17.340 firetube boiler and like Fonterra plant 00:18:20.03900:18:20.049 or maybe at a small industrial plant 00:18:24.45000:18:24.460 that is commonly the only treatment in 00:18:26.15900:18:26.169 use and it it kind of works and kind of 00:18:29.54900:18:29.559 dozen if you operating it more than kind 00:18:31.86000:18:31.870 of dentin bar plus really you know my 00:18:34.71000:18:34.720 recommendation is you really need to 00:18:36.02900:18:36.039 consider what mineralize ER and this is 00:18:39.18000:18:39.190 removes basically all of the dissolved 00:18:41.34000:18:41.350 ions if you're taking raw water off in 00:18:44.13000:18:44.140 their plant or have some kind of pre 00:18:45.60000:18:45.610 treatment plant on there remove all the 00:18:47.94000:18:47.950 suspended material and then it will go 00:18:50.31000:18:50.320 through and take out all the dissolved 00:18:51.93000:18:51.940 ions so basically the bitter the 00:18:54.99000:18:55.000 dissolved iron removal the bit of the 00:18:56.54900:18:56.559 boil and make up water in terms of 00:18:57.93000:18:57.940 quality and because of that you'll get 00:18:59.90900:18:59.919 love blowdown of the oilers will lower 00:19:02.73000:19:02.740 your treatment chemical demands and it 00:19:05.25000:19:05.260 lowers your operating costs so it's one 00:19:06.77900:19:06.789 of these things that you spend a bit 00:19:08.10000:19:08.110 more capex upfront and you build a plant 00:19:10.68000:19:10.690 it's got a good water treatment plan 00:19:11.90900:19:11.919 only your opposite operating expenses 00:19:14.43000:19:14.440 will go down because you don't have to 00:19:17.33000:19:17.340 deal with the problem and the boiler you 00:19:19.64900:19:19.659 take the problem away before it goes in 00:19:21.76900:19:21.779 and in water treatment plants like a 00:19:24.45000:19:24.460 talking you know the bait most basic 00:19:26.01000:19:26.020 there's a softener when they have to 00:19:27.63000:19:27.640 potable water or you could have an ion 00:19:30.12000:19:30.130 exchange plant you use cation cation 00:19:32.94000:19:32.950 resin beard followed by an anion resin 00:19:34.86000:19:34.870 beads cation 00:19:35.85000:19:35.860 takes out all the positive charged ions 00:19:37.59000:19:37.600 and ion removes the the negative charged 00:19:40.71000:19:40.720 ions where you can enter cation and 00:19:42.29900:19:42.309 anion in a mixed beard which improves 00:19:45.21000:19:45.220 the performance even more you could use 00:19:47.61000:19:47.620 reverse osmosis membranes or you could 00:19:49.91900:19:49.929 use a reverse osmosis and a continuous 00:19:52.11000:19:52.120 electrical deionization unit 101 00:19:56.15900:19:56.169 different ways to skin the care on there 00:19:57.75000:19:57.760 but basically at a water trip 00:20:00.72000:20:00.730 plant you know this is these are sort of 00:20:02.46000:20:02.470 the things that we want to see for 00:20:03.81000:20:03.820 anything over about ten bar we want to 00:20:05.82000:20:05.830 see water out of the plant 00:20:06.96000:20:06.970 conductivity listen one microsiemens 00:20:08.78900:20:08.799 centimeter for conductivity after cation 00:20:12.48000:20:12.490 exchange less than 0.1 in silica less 00:20:15.27000:20:15.280 than 10 ppb and that will pretty much 00:20:17.66900:20:17.679 give you suitable quality water to avoid 00:20:19.95000:20:19.960 a whole lot of problems but don't just 00:20:22.11000:20:22.120 an equality we also need the right 00:20:23.64000:20:23.650 quantity if your plant demand is say 00:20:27.41900:20:27.429 five tons an hour of makeup water 00:20:29.58000:20:29.590 because you're using some in your 00:20:30.87000:20:30.880 process building a three-ton an hour 00:20:33.00000:20:33.010 water treatment plan you're probably 00:20:34.71000:20:34.720 going to have quite a few operational 00:20:36.12000:20:36.130 problems the industry rule of thumb that 00:20:38.46000:20:38.470 we use when designing water treatment 00:20:40.08000:20:40.090 plants is normally 20% over what you 00:20:42.60000:20:42.610 think your maximum demanders and you 00:20:44.78900:20:44.799 should be about right in the problem of 00:20:47.40000:20:47.410 poor quality makeup water as it's a 00:20:49.23000:20:49.240 cumulative problem so you know i say to 00:20:52.20000:20:52.210 many people it's you know you build new 00:20:54.48000:20:54.490 boiler we can follow it up or whatever 00:20:56.64000:20:56.650 water you want 00:20:57.48000:20:57.490 failure won't have instantly it'll 00:20:59.34000:20:59.350 happen over time and the further you 00:21:01.65000:21:01.660 deviate from optimum water quality you 00:21:04.53000:21:04.540 know that the shorter that time to 00:21:06.48000:21:06.490 failure will be normally we find their 00:21:09.33000:21:09.340 plants at a suboptimal and design you 00:21:12.06000:21:12.070 know a few years down the track problems 00:21:13.91900:21:13.929 start to happen so that's just something 00:21:16.59000:21:16.600 to think about water treatment as a 00:21:18.36000:21:18.370 long-term problem and normally when we 00:21:21.12000:21:21.130 add in water into the plant it'll go 00:21:23.28000:21:23.290 into the condenser hot well or gets made 00:21:25.68000:21:25.690 up into the aerator so there'll be a 00:21:28.14000:21:28.150 point in your plant whether with water 00:21:30.65900:21:30.669 comes back in to replace water that's 00:21:32.82000:21:32.830 lost so it might be lost because of oil 00:21:34.65000:21:34.660 blowdown to be lost to the leakage and 00:21:36.99000:21:37.000 the plant or it could be that you 00:21:38.90900:21:38.919 produce in tons and hour of steam and in 00:21:42.06000:21:42.070 your industrial process five tons an 00:21:44.61000:21:44.620 hour of that steam is consumed by some 00:21:49.40900:21:49.419 kind of he's hurt or rejection into the 00:21:51.84000:21:51.850 process so you've got a replace set that 00:21:54.48000:21:54.490 it fluid that's lost from system so 00:21:58.11000:21:58.120 it'll it'll have to come back into your 00:21:59.94000:21:59.950 plant somewhere along the line so the 00:22:02.64000:22:02.650 next one is feed water pH corrosion 00:22:04.86000:22:04.870 control and the simplest way that I can 00:22:07.16900:22:07.179 kind of describe this as we have carbon 00:22:09.57000:22:09.580 steel and carbon steel has a is a 00:22:12.27000:22:12.280 corrosion rate so relative the tech here 00:22:14.68000:22:14.690 that it depends on the pH we got pH 00:22:17.59000:22:17.600 range of 1 to 14 so if we operate in a 00:22:20.62000:22:20.630 pH of say you know one and a half to two 00:22:24.40000:22:24.410 corrosion rates very high for carbon 00:22:26.53000:22:26.540 steel and esri increases pH that 00:22:29.05000:22:29.060 corrosion rate really comes down okay we 00:22:32.80000:22:32.810 get we actually get down to a minimum 00:22:34.33000:22:34.340 here it's about nine point eight to ten 00:22:36.46000:22:36.470 is about the minimum for what we call 00:22:38.98000:22:38.990 the ferrous ion solubility for carbon 00:22:40.99000:22:41.000 steel what's it's it's basically wants 00:22:43.06000:22:43.070 to be at that pH and then as we go over 00:22:45.43000:22:45.440 that pH if we go up and the high 00:22:47.47000:22:47.480 alkaline States the corrosion rate 00:22:49.54000:22:49.550 starts to increase again so in in most 00:22:52.93000:22:52.940 boilers and power plants you know we're 00:22:55.51000:22:55.520 trying to get a pH it's alkaline you 00:22:58.81000:22:58.820 know normally eight nine ten and the 00:23:01.78000:23:01.790 feedwater and same for the boiler 00:23:03.70000:23:03.710 because that's optimum for the materials 00:23:05.53000:23:05.540 now whether you can obtain that pH 00:23:07.57000:23:07.580 depends on your plant design and what 00:23:10.84000:23:10.850 your steam and things like that have 00:23:14.35000:23:14.360 been used for whether this hot water 00:23:15.94000:23:15.950 being extracted from the boiler for 00:23:17.50000:23:17.510 another process it may impact on other 00:23:19.18000:23:19.190 materials in there but here is a bit of 00:23:22.39000:23:22.400 a zoomin as we as we come in around the 00:23:24.58000:23:24.590 difference between eight point eight 00:23:25.78000:23:25.790 nine point six you can see here that 00:23:27.67000:23:27.680 corrosion rate keeps coming down and and 00:23:30.85000:23:30.860 most of the modern guidelines were 00:23:32.50000:23:32.510 written in the our feedwater pH around 00:23:34.66000:23:34.670 nine point eight these days for in the 00:23:37.66000:23:37.670 optimum point between the cost of adding 00:23:41.17000:23:41.180 something to to increase that pH versus 00:23:43.90000:23:43.910 the pH where you get your best bang for 00:23:45.94000:23:45.950 your buck so normally every plant you've 00:23:48.91000:23:48.920 got to adjust the pH of your feed water 00:23:50.47000:23:50.480 unless you're going to build your entire 00:23:51.91000:23:51.920 feed water system here to say three one 00:23:54.46000:23:54.470 six stainless steel or something like 00:23:56.14000:23:56.150 that but you'll find that the cost of 00:23:58.54000:23:58.550 adding building the plant out of a very 00:24:00.82000:24:00.830 highly corrosion resistant material far 00:24:02.98000:24:02.990 exceeds the cost of spending a little 00:24:05.08000:24:05.090 bit of money on something like adding a 00:24:06.67000:24:06.680 bidet yes ammonia and so um to increase 00:24:10.33000:24:10.340 it pH so how do we do pH control 00:24:13.72000:24:13.730 normally it's with a volatile aiming and 00:24:16.09000:24:16.100 aqueous ammonia is the most common it's 00:24:18.67000:24:18.680 cheap pretty easy to use you just dose a 00:24:20.71000:24:20.720 little bit in with the dosing pump if 00:24:22.84000:24:22.850 it's what we call a volatile a mean what 00:24:24.91000:24:24.920 it means is it dissolves into the water 00:24:27.07000:24:27.080 but then it all 00:24:28.09000:24:28.100 so goes into the steam and all then when 00:24:30.54900:24:30.559 steam condenses it's still present and 00:24:32.56000:24:32.570 there so what it will do is will give 00:24:34.41900:24:34.429 you a pH correction in the feed water 00:24:35.83000:24:35.840 then it will give you a pH correction 00:24:37.63000:24:37.640 and the condensate if you can't use a 00:24:40.51000:24:40.520 volatile aiming so say your you've got 00:24:44.40900:24:44.419 food contact with steam where if there's 00:24:46.51000:24:46.520 any any ammonia prison and the steam 00:24:48.54900:24:48.559 Nedim Exxon your product quality then 00:24:51.07000:24:51.080 you have to use what we call a solid 00:24:52.53900:24:52.549 alkali we've got to use something that's 00:24:53.95000:24:53.960 not going to be volatile and the steam 00:24:55.69000:24:55.700 and what we find the sodium hydroxide 00:24:57.96000:24:57.970 injected into the feed water is the most 00:25:00.15900:25:00.169 common solid alkali so it will give you 00:25:02.04900:25:02.059 a pH shift and the feed water and then 00:25:04.45000:25:04.460 it will go into the boiler and it stays 00:25:05.89000:25:05.900 in the boiler and doesn't transport into 00:25:07.65900:25:07.669 the steam so and that's and that's what 00:25:09.73000:25:09.740 you want but again depends on your plant 00:25:12.19000:25:12.200 Pinzon whether you got the right contact 00:25:14.40900:25:14.419 if you've got non contact heat 00:25:16.12000:25:16.130 exchangers so that you have the process 00:25:18.52000:25:18.530 being heated on one side and the steam 00:25:20.52900:25:20.539 condensing on the other then ammonia is 00:25:22.72000:25:22.730 normally your best choice it's quite 00:25:24.85000:25:24.860 well but it's easy and there's a lot of 00:25:27.46000:25:27.470 science being done around its use for 00:25:30.64000:25:30.650 dissolved gases it's a that's the next 00:25:32.40900:25:32.419 one normally people use a deaerator okay 00:25:35.71000:25:35.720 and here we use Henry's law so what we 00:25:37.72000:25:37.730 have is we have a vessel and it's got a 00:25:40.60000:25:40.610 the boiler feed water is sprayed in we 00:25:43.75000:25:43.760 have some oxygen free steam that's 00:25:45.46000:25:45.470 pushed them to the bottom here that 00:25:46.93000:25:46.940 flows up by Henry's law we get gas 00:25:49.24000:25:49.250 exchange net steam strips the oxygen 00:25:52.06000:25:52.070 from the boiler feedwater and that'll be 00:25:53.56000:25:53.570 ejected out in the event and then the 00:25:55.87000:25:55.880 water falls down has picked up some heat 00:25:57.73000:25:57.740 as well and then it will remain and what 00:26:00.13000:26:00.140 we call the feed water storage tank and 00:26:01.75000:26:01.760 it may have some steaming in there as 00:26:03.13000:26:03.140 well and that's and that's fired now in 00:26:06.88000:26:06.890 the girl days when we invented steam 00:26:09.97000:26:09.980 trains the logic was that any oxygen is 00:26:13.12000:26:13.130 bad so people went way out of their way 00:26:16.27000:26:16.280 with deaerators and dosing chemical 00:26:19.12000:26:19.130 oxygen scavengers to try to get the 00:26:20.68000:26:20.690 oxygen to zero it was thought at any 00:26:23.20000:26:23.210 oxygen is bad and any plant now we've 00:26:26.32000:26:26.330 learnt a few mistakes around there and 00:26:28.63000:26:28.640 we've discovered some of that logic if 00:26:30.90900:26:30.919 the plant is constructed out of all 00:26:33.13000:26:33.140 ferrous materials it's all carbon steel 00:26:35.23000:26:35.240 actually having zero oxygen is bad and 00:26:37.99000:26:38.000 we actually want a little bit of oxygen 00:26:39.52000:26:39.530 present in the water 00:26:42.06000:26:42.070 there's what we find is if we have 00:26:44.71000:26:44.720 pretty good quality water its grafts a 00:26:47.61900:26:47.629 little bit hard to understand but here's 00:26:48.97000:26:48.980 our corrosion rate is there oxygen 00:26:51.00900:26:51.019 content and this these numbers here 0.1 00:26:53.46000:26:53.470 782 850 these relate to the conductivity 00:26:56.73900:26:56.749 of the water in terms of its buildup of 00:26:59.40900:26:59.419 corrosive ions so particularly chloride 00:27:01.72000:27:01.730 that's in the water so the lower this 00:27:03.66900:27:03.679 conductivity the cleaner the water is 00:27:05.28900:27:05.299 and what we find is if we have pretty 00:27:07.06000:27:07.070 clean water pretty good make up water if 00:27:09.46000:27:09.470 we actually have no oxygen the corrosion 00:27:11.59000:27:11.600 rate is higher than if we have a little 00:27:13.35900:27:13.369 bit of oxygen present you see the 00:27:14.68000:27:14.690 corrosion rate comes down however if we 00:27:17.10900:27:17.119 have contamination in our water so we 00:27:19.21000:27:19.220 have chlorides you learn fine you might 00:27:21.63900:27:21.649 have to see water condenser or sea water 00:27:23.43000:27:23.440 cooling system and then you get a 00:27:26.15900:27:26.169 leakage and a heat exchanger and you get 00:27:28.38900:27:28.399 some process contamination as that 00:27:30.66900:27:30.679 conductivity goes up with that corrosive 00:27:33.66900:27:33.679 material thats in there as they had 00:27:35.47000:27:35.480 oxygen increases the corrosion rate 00:27:36.90900:27:36.919 increases so oxygen is your friend in 00:27:38.83000:27:38.840 your enemy but what we know is basically 00:27:42.22000:27:42.230 if we've got 5 to 10 ppb of oxygen 00:27:44.85900:27:44.869 that's about optimum we get actually 00:27:46.81000:27:46.820 quite good corrosion protection from 00:27:49.18000:27:49.190 that now what happens here is that if we 00:27:51.73000:27:51.740 have a little bit of oxygen present in 00:27:53.49900:27:53.509 the water and helps with that protective 00:27:56.08000:27:56.090 oxide layer that wants to form we end up 00:27:58.14900:27:58.159 with a little bit more hematite compared 00:28:00.46000:28:00.470 to magnetite and that's a whole lot more 00:28:02.13900:28:02.149 protective if you've got copper 00:28:06.45000:28:06.460 materials in your plant then yes you do 00:28:09.43000:28:09.440 have to dose an oxygen scavenger and 00:28:11.13900:28:11.149 then oxygen scavenger is actually to 00:28:12.66900:28:12.679 protect the copper oxides that form on 00:28:15.78900:28:15.799 those copper materials so if you're all 00:28:17.79900:28:17.809 ferrous if you look at your material 00:28:19.38900:28:19.399 sheets and you say I've got all carbon 00:28:22.69000:28:22.700 steel through my whole plant or I'm 00:28:24.15900:28:24.169 stainless steel and you have a deaerator 00:28:26.23000:28:26.240 and you're dosing an oxygen scavenger 00:28:28.62900:28:28.639 I'll give you some advice which is you 00:28:30.63900:28:30.649 don't need to dosey oxygen scavenger and 00:28:32.71000:28:32.720 you actually want five options and you 00:28:35.16900:28:35.179 don't want zero so it's it's quite a 00:28:38.28900:28:38.299 common problem in industrial boilers 00:28:39.94000:28:39.950 because you know again if I'm if I'm mr. 00:28:42.54900:28:42.559 chemical vendor and I'm selling you an 00:28:44.01900:28:44.029 oxygen scavenger they've got quite a 00:28:45.34000:28:45.350 good margin on them they make a lot of 00:28:47.56000:28:47.570 money selling them so you know there's a 00:28:49.72000:28:49.730 vested interest and continuing with 00:28:52.23900:28:52.249 their process but you don't really need 00:28:53.88900:28:53.899 it the most 00:28:55.96000:28:55.970 common oxygen scavenger we see an 00:28:58.24000:28:58.250 industrial boilers a sodium sulphite 00:29:00.90000:29:00.910 that gets added in and again this is 00:29:03.31000:29:03.320 directly derived from old steam train 00:29:04.87000:29:04.880 technology and if you do this wrong you 00:29:07.54000:29:07.550 basically get this risk of sulfate 00:29:09.40000:29:09.410 hissing especially if you transfer it 00:29:11.86000:29:11.870 into your steam system and that's 00:29:13.21000:29:13.220 probably the most corner the most common 00:29:14.77000:29:14.780 failures that we see in industrial 00:29:16.36000:29:16.370 boilers as sulfate as in in the steam 00:29:18.22000:29:18.230 path because they've been dosing sodium 00:29:20.41000:29:20.420 sulfite when they don't really need it 00:29:21.82000:29:21.830 and it's and it's coming through now you 00:29:24.25000:29:24.260 may have heard about has seen an oxygen 00:29:26.86000:29:26.870 hissing yes that is a corrosion 00:29:29.59000:29:29.600 mechanism that occurs but what you need 00:29:31.51000:29:31.520 to understand is that actually only 00:29:33.04000:29:33.050 happens when the plan is shut down okay 00:29:35.83000:29:35.840 it's a it's a galvanic type process and 00:29:38.56000:29:38.570 what it doesn't what it needs is like a 00:29:41.38000:29:41.390 no flow condition it needs water sitting 00:29:43.72000:29:43.730 there stagnant and very very high levels 00:29:46.06000:29:46.070 of oxygen like approaching saturation so 00:29:48.34000:29:48.350 sort of 9,000 BP so you know if you've 00:29:52.45000:29:52.460 got pets in your plant and we'll talk 00:29:54.88000:29:54.890 about this in the next webinar but a few 00:29:56.89000:29:56.900 have seen pets that that are growing 00:29:59.23000:29:59.240 what it's telling me straight away is 00:30:01.15000:30:01.160 that you've got a layup and storage 00:30:02.68000:30:02.690 issue your planners wit when it shut 00:30:04.57000:30:04.580 down and you've gone oxygen saturated 00:30:06.88000:30:06.890 and you've got no Flow oxygen pitting 00:30:09.13000:30:09.140 doesn't happen when the plan isn't 00:30:10.75000:30:10.760 service when you've got flow over the 00:30:13.00000:30:13.010 surfaces you disrupt that galvanic 00:30:14.80000:30:14.810 process and it doesn't occur but I'm 00:30:18.04000:30:18.050 yeah that one's a commonly misunderstood 00:30:20.86000:30:20.870 and in the industry so next one oil 00:30:24.07000:30:24.080 earth pH corrosion control okay 00:30:26.68000:30:26.690 basically this curve slope always here 00:30:28.63000:30:28.640 we want you know we want to be elevated 00:30:30.94000:30:30.950 alkaline pH and the boiler closer we get 00:30:33.67000:30:33.680 to 10 the bitter that it is so how do we 00:30:36.73000:30:36.740 do that normally there's some what we 00:30:38.80000:30:38.810 call a solid alkalis directly injected 00:30:40.90000:30:40.910 into the steam drum just to increase the 00:30:42.85000:30:42.860 pH a bit more if we need to you can add 00:30:46.42000:30:46.430 that in via the feed water but it's a 00:30:48.34000:30:48.350 control loop it's a little bit harder 00:30:50.17000:30:50.180 but most boilers are all designed for 00:30:52.29000:30:52.300 direct injection of an additional 00:30:54.43000:30:54.440 treatment chemical directly into the 00:30:55.90000:30:55.910 drum it'll have a distribution line that 00:30:57.64000:30:57.650 runs down and you know higher pressure 00:31:00.73000:31:00.740 feed water pump the most common products 00:31:02.80000:31:02.810 are sodium hydroxide or trisodium 00:31:04.93000:31:04.940 phosphate 00:31:05.70000:31:05.710 okay and you want to avoid what we call 00:31:08.68000:31:08.690 mono advice 00:31:09.76000:31:09.770 in phosphate blends and if you get this 00:31:12.13000:31:12.140 wrong and you've got a high-pressure 00:31:13.63000:31:13.640 boiler you can actually get a corrosion 00:31:15.31000:31:15.320 mechanism called acid phosphate 00:31:16.60000:31:16.610 corrosion which can be completely 00:31:18.79000:31:18.800 avoided a few if your phosphate product 00:31:20.98000:31:20.990 is trisodium phosphate and it's to do 00:31:22.78000:31:22.790 with the ratio of sodium to phosphate in 00:31:26.32000:31:26.330 terms of molar ratios and it's a whole 00:31:28.41900:31:28.429 bunch of jiggery-pokery that goes on 00:31:31.41900:31:31.429 when you get it wrong and you can end up 00:31:33.19000:31:33.200 with um causing a corrosion problem by 00:31:35.89000:31:35.900 correctly dosing the treatment but you 00:31:39.13000:31:39.140 adding it in there for basically to 00:31:41.29000:31:41.300 elevate the pH to minimize it ferrous 00:31:43.81000:31:43.820 ion solubility and also for scale 00:31:46.24000:31:46.250 control which will which will come to 00:31:48.10000:31:48.110 next okay 00:31:49.54000:31:49.550 so we want to we want to make sure we're 00:31:51.07000:31:51.080 not getting scale forming inside the 00:31:53.08000:31:53.090 boiler on our heat transfer surfaces so 00:31:55.69000:31:55.700 what we what we find there's things like 00:31:58.57000:31:58.580 you know silica the solubility of things 00:32:02.20000:32:02.210 like silica as well as being changed by 00:32:05.08000:32:05.090 temperature you can also there's a pH 00:32:06.85000:32:06.860 influence so if you've got a certain 00:32:09.10000:32:09.110 amount of silica our prison and your 00:32:10.45000:32:10.460 boiler if we run at the right pH we 00:32:12.70000:32:12.710 minimize the risk with it silica 00:32:14.62000:32:14.630 starting to precipitate if anyone's ever 00:32:17.26000:32:17.270 dealt with silica once it precipitates 00:32:19.36000:32:19.370 it's very difficult to remove from a 00:32:21.94000:32:21.950 surface because it basically it forms a 00:32:24.10000:32:24.110 slight deposit and you've ever got to 00:32:26.83000:32:26.840 mechanically remove it you can't 00:32:28.66000:32:28.670 dissolve it off with most normal acids 00:32:31.87000:32:31.880 you know hydrochloric acid won't touch 00:32:33.28000:32:33.290 it citric acid won't touch it 00:32:35.29000:32:35.300 the only acid that will pick it up is 00:32:36.73000:32:36.740 hydrofluoric acid which has particular 00:32:40.36000:32:40.370 health and safety handling 00:32:41.56000:32:41.570 considerations and you really don't want 00:32:43.18000:32:43.190 to be you know if you're not comfortable 00:32:44.89000:32:44.900 with hydrofluoric acid you don't really 00:32:46.48000:32:46.490 want to be using it and but so you want 00:32:49.00000:32:49.010 to avoid silica precipitation if you can 00:32:51.04000:32:51.050 the other thing that terms of scale 00:32:53.41000:32:53.420 control one of the other things that we 00:32:55.33000:32:55.340 can do with phosphate is that if we're 00:32:57.25000:32:57.260 only using a water softener you know we 00:32:59.77000:32:59.780 will have still some calcium magnesium 00:33:01.93000:33:01.940 type products that get through into the 00:33:04.00000:33:04.010 boiler and if we add a bit of phosphate 00:33:06.25000:33:06.260 we can form calcium magnesium phosphates 00:33:08.79900:33:08.809 and then these become insoluble but they 00:33:11.98000:33:11.990 don't form a hard deposit they'll form a 00:33:13.75000:33:13.760 sludge and it can form to the bottom of 00:33:15.54900:33:15.559 the boiler and we can blow that out 00:33:16.99000:33:17.000 using a bottom drain and that's the old 00:33:19.41900:33:19.429 way that's a steam train way of doing it 00:33:21.31000:33:21.320 you know they used to 00:33:23.45000:33:23.460 take the river water from wherever and 00:33:25.46000:33:25.470 you add the phosphate products in and 00:33:27.59000:33:27.600 you would complex it up you'd form these 00:33:30.44000:33:30.450 sludges and then as you're driving along 00:33:32.06000:33:32.070 and you train you open up the bottom 00:33:33.56000:33:33.570 drain and you blow that stuff out onto 00:33:35.87000:33:35.880 the tracks and and it was how you 00:33:37.25000:33:37.260 cleaned your water out the other way is 00:33:39.56000:33:39.570 by controlling the boiler cycles so this 00:33:42.13900:33:42.149 is the water goes into the boiler and 00:33:44.21000:33:44.220 there's steam forms esteem is more pure 00:33:46.46000:33:46.470 than the boiler water and these ions get 00:33:49.27900:33:49.289 left behind in the boiler water and we 00:33:50.87000:33:50.880 call that cycling up so one of the ways 00:33:53.24000:33:53.250 that we can minimize that scale is by 00:33:55.43000:33:55.440 controlling our cycles of concentration 00:33:57.76900:33:57.779 and increase the amount of blowdown so 00:34:01.51900:34:01.529 we we start to drain out portion of that 00:34:03.62000:34:03.630 boiler water and we replace it with 00:34:05.84000:34:05.850 fresh makeup water so that we're trying 00:34:07.58000:34:07.590 to hold certain ions and certain 00:34:10.49000:34:10.500 concentration rains the other way is you 00:34:13.33900:34:13.349 can use sort of polymer type treatment 00:34:15.80000:34:15.810 that some of these especially chemicals 00:34:17.57000:34:17.580 and they operate similar to the 00:34:18.77000:34:18.780 phosphate they form you know a soluble 00:34:21.91900:34:21.929 complex that stops that the material 00:34:25.60900:34:25.619 from from either precipitating or 00:34:27.58900:34:27.599 forming any kind of posit and then in 00:34:31.09900:34:31.109 that can be removed for the boiler 00:34:32.78000:34:32.790 blowdown but these are very specialized 00:34:35.27000:34:35.280 chemicals and you've got to buy these 00:34:36.50000:34:36.510 from specialty chemical companies so 00:34:39.23000:34:39.240 normally if you're getting supplied by 00:34:41.99000:34:42.000 Elko Salinas or GE water or someone like 00:34:45.23000:34:45.240 that they would be offering these types 00:34:47.00000:34:47.010 product what a blow down control there's 00:34:50.89900:34:50.909 a next one here so we know we 00:34:52.46000:34:52.470 controlling blow down to try to keep 00:34:55.66900:34:55.679 things and chicken the boiler and in the 00:34:57.89000:34:57.900 most common way is there's a it's a 00:35:01.13000:35:01.140 conductivity sensor which measures as a 00:35:04.94000:35:04.950 reading as total dissolve solids it's 00:35:06.68000:35:06.690 just an approximate measurement proper 00:35:08.21000:35:08.220 total dissolve solids test involves a 00:35:10.16000:35:10.170 test in the lab and what it does is that 00:35:12.29000:35:12.300 that has a setpoint value that relates 00:35:14.42000:35:14.430 to how many cycles you want to run which 00:35:16.16000:35:16.170 will be calculated based on what make up 00:35:18.20000:35:18.210 errors for sure you boiler and what your 00:35:21.29000:35:21.300 what your risk of iron scaling is and 00:35:24.23000:35:24.240 then that sends a signal to a blowdown 00:35:25.97000:35:25.980 valve and to say their hits 100 and 00:35:28.16000:35:28.170 that's it point is 99 then it flow down 00:35:30.07900:35:30.089 vailable open a little bit and blow some 00:35:32.51000:35:32.520 of that out and then takes it takes up 00:35:36.23000:35:36.240 water out the boil 00:35:37.19000:35:37.200 lowers the total dissolved solids in 00:35:38.83900:35:38.849 there because it's been what it's been 00:35:40.46000:35:40.470 replaced by fresh makeup water which is 00:35:43.01000:35:43.020 hopefully got a lower total dissolved 00:35:44.87000:35:44.880 solid and in this whole process is 00:35:47.03000:35:47.040 normally fully automatic so like you 00:35:48.71000:35:48.720 might buy unit like this from someone 00:35:50.80900:35:50.819 like Saco or someone like that and it's 00:35:53.48000:35:53.490 an all-in-one type unit so you it's 00:35:56.32900:35:56.339 going to make sure that the valves are 00:35:58.43000:35:58.440 getting blocked up and they're tedious 00:36:00.17000:36:00.180 sensor is actually reading right and 00:36:01.67000:36:01.680 that control logic is set correctly 00:36:05.04900:36:05.059 terms of the next step which is we'll 00:36:07.78900:36:07.799 just talk about steam so saturated and 00:36:10.03900:36:10.049 superheated and steam turbine they're 00:36:11.51000:36:11.520 all basically linked if you're getting 00:36:13.06900:36:13.079 deep position and one you get into 00:36:14.48000:36:14.490 position and all of them so what we got 00:36:17.69000:36:17.700 a what we've got to be concerned with is 00:36:19.49000:36:19.500 in the in the boiler we have a steam 00:36:22.57900:36:22.589 drum and then their steam drum which is 00:36:24.38000:36:24.390 a top of our foster wheel of D type or 00:36:26.48000:36:26.490 any kind of boiler and it's the same for 00:36:29.21000:36:29.220 if you can imagine this as your your 00:36:31.09900:36:31.109 your firetube boiler you have water 00:36:33.82900:36:33.839 boiling you know you've got a water 00:36:35.99000:36:36.000 layer and we've got we steam being 00:36:38.03000:36:38.040 formed here so here the the water steam 00:36:41.12000:36:41.130 mixture comes in and it goes through a 00:36:42.89000:36:42.900 scrubber cyclone scrubber which 00:36:44.66000:36:44.670 separates the water from the steam and 00:36:46.73000:36:46.740 then we have a secondary scrubber up 00:36:48.55900:36:48.569 here and the idea of this is it's 00:36:50.63000:36:50.640 saturated steam is as lower like it's 00:36:53.99000:36:54.000 entrapped mooster content as possible 00:36:55.81900:36:55.829 because x-team is quite pure and their 00:36:58.76000:36:58.770 boiler water has dissolved ions in it so 00:37:01.19000:37:01.200 if we are having what we call carryover 00:37:03.68000:37:03.690 where water droplets are getting carried 00:37:06.23000:37:06.240 through into the steam system as you 00:37:08.87000:37:08.880 superheat their steam then those those 00:37:11.45000:37:11.460 ions that are in those water droplets 00:37:13.03900:37:13.049 will then form deposits very very 00:37:15.74000:37:15.750 quickly so so the steam drum is a very 00:37:18.68000:37:18.690 critical thing for a subcritical boiler 00:37:21.58900:37:21.599 so two-stage separation and we're trying 00:37:24.44000:37:24.450 to control carryover so if you can 00:37:25.78900:37:25.799 imagine it's a the the operator gets the 00:37:28.03900:37:28.049 drum level control wrong and that drum 00:37:30.38000:37:30.390 level comes up and it actually touches 00:37:32.24000:37:32.250 the scrubbers and water getting sucked 00:37:34.09900:37:34.109 through or if these haven't been 00:37:36.44000:37:36.450 attached properly into the boiler or 00:37:38.05900:37:38.069 there's a hole or something like that in 00:37:39.77000:37:39.780 you're going to get suboptimal steam 00:37:41.72000:37:41.730 chemistry coming out the other side and 00:37:44.78000:37:44.790 what you need to do here is you should 00:37:46.70000:37:46.710 be doing periodic what people carry over 00:37:49.03900:37:49.049 tests and if you go to their eye 00:37:50.99000:37:51.000 website is actually a test protocol 00:37:53.00000:37:53.010 available and and what you do is you 00:37:54.98000:37:54.990 measure sodium and steam versus sodium 00:37:58.07000:37:58.080 in the boiling water and you can 00:37:59.15000:37:59.160 calculate the ratio of carryover and 00:38:01.34000:38:01.350 determine whether you have problem or 00:38:02.81000:38:02.820 not at your operating pressures so it's 00:38:07.31000:38:07.320 pretty important because if you get it 00:38:08.90000:38:08.910 wrong okay you get here here's 00:38:11.45000:38:11.460 superheated tube and so obviously got a 00:38:13.34000:38:13.350 bit of a nasty white deposit and this is 00:38:15.41000:38:15.420 a sodium sulfate the dominant deposit 00:38:19.46000:38:19.470 here because what was happening in this 00:38:20.90000:38:20.910 particular plant is there steam drum 00:38:23.87000:38:23.880 operating level was sick to high during 00:38:26.51000:38:26.520 commissioning and there was a very high 00:38:29.78000:38:29.790 level of background carryover where the 00:38:31.79000:38:31.800 water was being carried over and it 00:38:33.41000:38:33.420 posited on to those tubes there resulted 00:38:36.14000:38:36.150 after 18 months operation and 00:38:38.65000:38:38.660 superheated tube him in such a heavy 00:38:40.73000:38:40.740 deposit that it overheated and then a 00:38:42.92000:38:42.930 suffered and what we called a creep 00:38:44.39000:38:44.400 failure here and that resulted in the 00:38:46.49000:38:46.500 entire replacement of that super heater 00:38:48.53000:38:48.540 after 18 months operation so was owner 00:38:51.38000:38:51.390 wasn't a particularly good day in the 00:38:52.82000:38:52.830 office 00:38:53.18000:38:53.190 here's another plant again very heavy 00:38:57.23000:38:57.240 deposits because a carry over and the 00:38:59.75000:38:59.760 super heater and they have a small a 00:39:01.73000:39:01.740 couple of megawatts steam turbine and 00:39:03.83000:39:03.840 steam turbines are not meant to have 00:39:05.93000:39:05.940 these white deposits on the middle 00:39:07.52000:39:07.530 blades and this because of sodium 00:39:09.14000:39:09.150 sulfate again transported through and 00:39:12.14000:39:12.150 carried through that particular plant 00:39:14.62000:39:14.630 came to me and said hey is it normal to 00:39:18.08000:39:18.090 have these big white crystals coming out 00:39:19.76000:39:19.770 of our super heater and I had to say to 00:39:21.17000:39:21.180 them okay Dave I'm just gonna pause you 00:39:26.48000:39:26.490 for a second here have you got sort of 00:39:29.33000:39:29.340 some estimated sort of costs as a 00:39:31.73000:39:31.740 consequence for these sorts of things so 00:39:33.53000:39:33.540 dis you slide back the super heater you 00:39:36.35000:39:36.360 know in saying okay they got the 00:39:37.73000:39:37.740 chemistry wrong you know what sort of 00:39:39.80000:39:39.810 dollar consequences you're talking about 00:39:41.45000:39:41.460 thereafter on the eight months that 00:39:45.17000:39:45.180 particular one the cost to replace it 00:39:47.60000:39:47.610 super heater was I think in the order of 00:39:50.18000:39:50.190 about 400 thousand when you took into 00:39:52.31000:39:52.320 account the costs of the tubes plus it 00:39:56.87000:39:56.880 cut the old one out well new one and in 00:39:59.51000:39:59.520 the downtime so this doesn't this isn't 00:40:01.58000:40:01.590 you know a couple of days this is a 00:40:03.29000:40:03.300 couple of week outage 00:40:05.57000:40:05.580 another one that I know of which was 00:40:07.76000:40:07.770 after nine years of operation it was a 00:40:09.74000:40:09.750 million dollars to replace the super 00:40:12.86000:40:12.870 heater so these these things can be 00:40:14.66000:40:14.670 pretty high cost for it could be avoided 00:40:18.35000:40:18.360 by just some very simple and very low 00:40:21.02000:40:21.030 cost operational activities to make sure 00:40:23.78000:40:23.790 they're a your steam is the right purity 00:40:26.45000:40:26.460 and you don't have the carryover 00:40:27.77000:40:27.780 occurring so cost of failure is often 00:40:30.44000:40:30.450 very very high yeah so so ballpark 00:40:33.26000:40:33.270 figure you're saying saying 800 K to a 00:40:35.12000:40:35.130 million in terms of the failure repair 00:40:37.04000:40:37.050 bill versus the annual optics expense of 00:40:40.22000:40:40.230 getting it right to avoid it you're 00:40:43.76000:40:43.770 probably talking a few thousand dollars 00:40:45.11000:40:45.120 yeah okay yep now great so you're just 00:40:48.74000:40:48.750 trying to put this into perspective for 00:40:50.69000:40:50.700 everyone so no great thank you for that 00:40:52.10000:40:52.110 so you know it's it's it's good to sort 00:40:54.47000:40:54.480 of recognize that yeah it's not even an 00:40:57.59000:40:57.600 IRR calculation as what you're saying in 00:40:59.84000:40:59.850 terms of getting your procedures right 00:41:04.27000:41:04.280 yeah and the other one is if you've got 00:41:07.16000:41:07.170 even a small steam turbine like steam 00:41:10.40000:41:10.410 turbine Europe is a very expensive you 00:41:13.31000:41:13.320 know it's um 00:41:14.24000:41:14.250 you don't even even a one or two 00:41:15.83000:41:15.840 megawatt pressure turbine often if 00:41:19.61000:41:19.620 you've had a deposit and it's resulted 00:41:22.01000:41:22.020 in some corrosion damage on that turbine 00:41:23.93000:41:23.940 often they can't be repaired in New 00:41:25.85000:41:25.860 Zealand they have to be shut off sure 00:41:27.53000:41:27.540 bit to the turbine OEM for re machining 00:41:30.95000:41:30.960 and blade replacements of things like 00:41:32.84000:41:32.850 that so it's you've got the cost of 00:41:35.77000:41:35.780 appear but then you've also got the lost 00:41:38.09000:41:38.100 opportunity cost because you might have 00:41:39.62000:41:39.630 been offset in your electricity bill by 00:41:42.53000:41:42.540 running that turbine or you may have 00:41:44.09000:41:44.100 actually been exporting to the grid 00:41:45.41000:41:45.420 making a bit of money on the side as 00:41:47.18000:41:47.190 well so that these you want to avoid 00:41:49.88000:41:49.890 these types of problems if you know 00:41:51.68000:41:51.690 that's great thanks very much all right 00:41:54.25000:41:54.260 all right so the other one that's a big 00:41:57.17000:41:57.180 problem in industrial plants is 00:41:58.64000:41:58.650 condensate purity condensate return 00:42:01.31000:42:01.320 purity control and and and this is this 00:42:04.01000:42:04.020 is a real major one because say you're 00:42:06.02000:42:06.030 producing steam for saying or a refinery 00:42:08.75000:42:08.760 right in hydrocarbon return coming back 00:42:11.72000:42:11.730 you're a dairy factory site like 00:42:14.24000:42:14.250 Fonterra or some of the other ones you 00:42:15.59000:42:15.600 get mobile products coming back if your 00:42:18.17000:42:18.180 salt proceeds implant you know you may 00:42:20.81000:42:20.820 get brine or something like that or 00:42:22.34000:42:22.350 basically it could be anything so if 00:42:25.04000:42:25.050 even if your some of your your steam is 00:42:27.17000:42:27.180 consumed in your process you want to 00:42:29.39000:42:29.400 make sure that whatever is coming back 00:42:31.49000:42:31.500 then your condensate before you put it 00:42:33.41000:42:33.420 back into the boiler that it's it's 00:42:35.00000:42:35.010 meeting specification as you know you 00:42:40.10000:42:40.110 want it to be you don't want to be 00:42:41.72000:42:41.730 spending all this time and effort making 00:42:43.31000:42:43.320 good quality makeup water to find that 00:42:45.50000:42:45.510 your condensate is highly terminated 00:42:47.72000:42:47.730 when it comes back so you know it could 00:42:49.94000:42:49.950 be anything 00:42:50.54000:42:50.550 milk salts hydrocarbons could be your 00:42:52.58000:42:52.590 cooling water and normally what you have 00:42:55.01000:42:55.020 to have as some means of contamination 00:42:57.08000:42:57.090 detect and normally online so it might 00:42:59.87000:42:59.880 be that you have a conductivity meter 00:43:01.46000:43:01.470 and you know that if your condensate 00:43:03.83000:43:03.840 it's clean that or have a conductivity 00:43:05.33000:43:05.340 of X and you need a VA ssin of there is 00:43:09.62000:43:09.630 telling you that it's problem you might 00:43:11.60000:43:11.610 use a sodium or you could use your 00:43:13.13000:43:13.140 silica and normally what we find is most 00:43:15.23000:43:15.240 plants will normally have some kind of 00:43:17.09000:43:17.100 automatic condensate dumping system that 00:43:19.79000:43:19.800 it picks up the problem and says I'm 00:43:22.19000:43:22.200 gonna dump that condensate it doesn't 00:43:24.14000:43:24.150 not good enough to come back to the 00:43:25.52000:43:25.530 boiler it may go to a holding tank will 00:43:27.29000:43:27.300 be will be reprocessed somehow because 00:43:30.74000:43:30.750 often if you're doing you're waiting for 00:43:32.84000:43:32.850 the operator they may not pick it up and 00:43:35.06000:43:35.070 the damage can be done very very quickly 00:43:36.74000:43:36.750 so the other thing that may be required 00:43:39.17000:43:39.180 is you may have to have a what they call 00:43:40.73000:43:40.740 a condensate polisher which is it's a 00:43:43.16000:43:43.170 condensate comes back to the plant to 00:43:45.23000:43:45.240 the cogent plan or the boiler house it's 00:43:47.96000:43:47.970 it goes through an additional water 00:43:50.09000:43:50.100 treatment stick to remove any new 00:43:52.13000:43:52.140 process contamination that as it goes 00:43:55.37000:43:55.380 through so you know the big power plants 00:43:57.47000:43:57.480 like Huntley units they all had 00:43:59.09000:43:59.100 condensate polishes and that was to 00:44:00.53000:44:00.540 protect the case primary heat exchangers 00:44:02.60000:44:02.610 had a leak and we had white cat a river 00:44:05.06000:44:05.070 water getting into the boiler feedwater 00:44:07.49000:44:07.500 so we could protect boilers from there 00:44:09.59000:44:09.600 and any systems often look like this you 00:44:12.62000:44:12.630 you've got your condensate return coming 00:44:14.84000:44:14.850 through here is a is a conductivity 00:44:18.17000:44:18.180 sensor or some sensor of some type on a 00:44:20.93000:44:20.940 bypass line here that's got a flow going 00:44:22.91000:44:22.920 a drain it's got a controller and you've 00:44:25.16000:44:25.170 got a you know you've got a valve here 00:44:27.83000:44:27.840 that's either letting the condensate go 00:44:29.48000:44:29.490 through or that valve 00:44:30.83000:44:30.840 changes 00:44:31.76000:44:31.770 rushon and it will dump it contaminated 00:44:33.92000:44:33.930 on site to waste the often a lot of 00:44:36.65000:44:36.660 plants will have some system where you 00:44:39.35000:44:39.360 can perhaps through 100% condensate dump 00:44:42.11000:44:42.120 in for a few hours because then you 00:44:44.57000:44:44.580 start to run out of water because you 00:44:46.19000:44:46.200 exceed in the make up capacity of your 00:44:48.38000:44:48.390 water treatment plant and normally 00:44:50.27000:44:50.280 that's enough to say identify we're in 00:44:52.46000:44:52.470 your plant the process determined there 00:44:54.29000:44:54.300 might be a heat exchanger or something's 00:44:55.82000:44:55.830 gone wrong 00:44:56.51000:44:56.520 it's to buy you time to go and fix the 00:44:58.67000:44:58.680 problem or isolate that part of the 00:45:00.32000:45:00.330 plant and then a condensate coming back 00:45:03.11000:45:03.120 we're clean condensate coming back to 00:45:05.27000:45:05.280 the plant going so pretty common to have 00:45:08.51000:45:08.520 a condensate return dump type system 00:45:10.78000:45:10.790 alright so the next one sampling and 00:45:14.21000:45:14.220 analysis you know basically you can't 00:45:17.24000:45:17.250 control what you can't measure and you 00:45:19.43000:45:19.440 know I'm a I'm a I'm a big advocate of 00:45:23.09000:45:23.100 versus their automatic online systems 00:45:25.64000:45:25.650 food over manual grab sampling systems 00:45:28.01000:45:28.020 but we do acknowledge that costs and 00:45:30.23000:45:30.240 complexity is potentially very high for 00:45:32.42000:45:32.430 small plants that the problem is is you 00:45:34.91000:45:34.920 have a big thousand megawatt boiler you 00:45:38.12000:45:38.130 got to put some online instruments on it 00:45:39.80000:45:39.810 the cost is exactly the same for a one 00:45:42.62000:45:42.630 megawatt boiler there's no you really 00:45:44.72000:45:44.730 economy a scale here so I call this the 00:45:46.97000:45:46.980 cursor cogent where you have all the 00:45:49.58000:45:49.590 problems of the big plants but your 00:45:51.23000:45:51.240 budgets are a lot smaller so you have to 00:45:53.39000:45:53.400 be you know be pragmatic and say what 00:45:55.28000:45:55.290 you absolutely need is it gonna generate 00:45:58.04000:45:58.050 me some value is it gonna protect me 00:46:00.77000:46:00.780 from a very high cost type problem or is 00:46:04.67000:46:04.680 it just a nice to have so what we 00:46:07.52000:46:07.530 normally find for industrial boilers 00:46:09.11000:46:09.120 that there is no online some analysis 00:46:11.00000:46:11.010 systems except for maybe boiler blowdown 00:46:12.92000:46:12.930 control or maybe some kind of con and 00:46:15.53000:46:15.540 say condensate dump look on a site you 00:46:19.01000:46:19.020 know I say dumping system but what I can 00:46:21.50000:46:21.510 point you to is you know there's an IX 00:46:23.15000:46:23.160 guideline for instrumentation that you 00:46:25.04000:46:25.050 can kind of use as your starting point 00:46:26.87000:46:26.880 to say here's here's what we recommend 00:46:29.33000:46:29.340 for the big plants and there's also 00:46:31.64000:46:31.650 layers of redundancy built into there 00:46:33.47000:46:33.480 can I can I kind of pick and mix out of 00:46:36.83000:46:36.840 here is something that what's going to 00:46:38.33000:46:38.340 give me my best bang for my buck and you 00:46:40.55000:46:40.560 can go from there so just looking at 00:46:42.41000:46:42.420 these slides here you know 00:46:44.53900:46:44.549 on a second discharge would be equal 00:46:46.54900:46:46.559 oven to condensate return and and we 00:46:48.76900:46:48.779 would be measuring conductivity after 00:46:50.56900:46:50.579 cation exchange which is a means of the 00:46:52.24900:46:52.259 ticketing contamination could be 00:46:54.04900:46:54.059 measuring dissolved oxygen or could be 00:46:55.54900:46:55.559 measuring sodium and B cases gas 00:46:58.37000:46:58.380 conductivity after cation exchange you 00:47:00.73900:47:00.749 know and you might say look out of all 00:47:02.35900:47:02.369 of those you know sodium is my biggest 00:47:04.78900:47:04.799 risk that tells me a whole bunch of 00:47:06.28900:47:06.299 information about if I've got a process 00:47:07.81900:47:07.829 up C maybe I'll just put that in there 00:47:10.09900:47:10.109 you know and we go through this list is 00:47:12.16900:47:12.179 a whole I don't I'm not going to go 00:47:13.16000:47:13.170 through it detailed it gives you some 00:47:14.90000:47:14.910 some guidance around what what you could 00:47:17.74900:47:17.759 do and then you know you go through a 00:47:19.78900:47:19.799 risk basis cost based you know what's 00:47:23.44900:47:23.459 practical and impossible and way that up 00:47:26.56900:47:26.579 against you know if I take a sample once 00:47:28.57900:47:28.589 a day the operator does a grab sample 00:47:30.49900:47:30.509 and does a test is it going to provide 00:47:32.47900:47:32.489 me adequate warning of a major major 00:47:34.99900:47:35.009 process upset or a major plan upset the 00:47:38.35900:47:38.369 problem that we find is that often if 00:47:40.13000:47:40.140 people are doing you know one test shift 00:47:41.92900:47:41.939 and you say to them take that test and 00:47:44.35900:47:44.369 if it's out of spec what do you do and 00:47:46.18900:47:46.199 normally they go or well I assume that 00:47:48.79900:47:48.809 the test was wrong so I do it again 00:47:50.32900:47:50.339 tomorrow and if it's the same tomorrow 00:47:52.57900:47:52.589 then I assume there's something wrong 00:47:54.07900:47:54.089 then and you're going like that's great 00:47:55.33900:47:55.349 now you've been out of control for 00:47:56.71900:47:56.729 perhaps two days okay where if you had 00:47:59.39000:47:59.400 an on line instrument and you could see 00:48:00.85900:48:00.869 a trend you could see there it's 00:48:02.44900:48:02.459 starting to trend up and it's been like 00:48:05.32900:48:05.339 that for a little while so you need to 00:48:07.24900:48:07.259 do something about it right away so 00:48:09.00900:48:09.019 there's this pros and cons to online and 00:48:12.57900:48:12.589 offline analysis so again there's a 00:48:15.94900:48:15.959 whole lot of stuff in those ayats 00:48:17.73900:48:17.749 guidance documents so if you're thinking 00:48:19.75900:48:19.769 about have you got the right 00:48:20.95900:48:20.969 instrumentation from your plant on 00:48:22.54900:48:22.559 encourage you to get the free download 00:48:24.62000:48:24.630 every bit of a read and a thinkin and 00:48:26.90000:48:26.910 then you know ask around and you know 00:48:29.56900:48:29.579 get some advice on what you need all 00:48:32.92900:48:32.939 right so 00:48:33.94000:48:33.950 so today I'm gonna just pause you there 00:48:37.24000:48:37.250 for a second obviously a key topic and 00:48:40.56000:48:40.570 hopefully people will go and read but 00:48:43.24000:48:43.250 for those that are just looking for the 00:48:45.67000:48:45.680 helicopter view today in all your 00:48:48.76000:48:48.770 experience is there one or two critical 00:48:51.37000:48:51.380 things for a typical industrial process 00:48:53.62000:48:53.630 heat boiler that you'd summarize and say 00:48:57.01000:48:57.020 hey look these are the things that you 00:48:59.07000:48:59.080 you should really look at so say for 00:49:01.24000:49:01.250 example someone's seen the presentation 00:49:03.28000:49:03.290 today grabs a few of the slides to scare 00:49:05.65000:49:05.660 the bejeebies out of their boss to say 00:49:07.90000:49:07.910 hey look holy cow we can't afford this 00:49:09.76000:49:09.770 sort of expense and so maybe they can 00:49:11.71000:49:11.720 get a little bit of money out of the 00:49:12.94000:49:12.950 stone you know there's only so much 00:49:15.64000:49:15.650 blood in the stone so you know could you 00:49:17.71000:49:17.720 give any real I appreciate it sort of 00:49:20.05000:49:20.060 all care and no responsibility because 00:49:21.88000:49:21.890 it's very specific to each application 00:49:23.98000:49:23.990 but in general terms even have it some 00:49:26.80000:49:26.810 real simple basic aid that really good 00:49:29.02000:49:29.030 pointers where to get started there's a 00:49:31.39000:49:31.400 take home for everyone well first for 00:49:34.96000:49:34.970 most of you if your you need something 00:49:38.53000:49:38.540 on your condensate return for efforts 00:49:41.05000:49:41.060 interacting with the process so and if 00:49:43.57000:49:43.580 you've got a heat exchanger where the 00:49:46.85900:49:46.869 the steam or the condensate then a lower 00:49:49.96000:49:49.970 pressure than the process so if you 00:49:52.30000:49:52.310 could leak back and that's milk or 00:49:55.54000:49:55.550 hydrocarbon or sea water or something 00:49:58.78000:49:58.790 like that in you need you need some kind 00:50:00.91000:50:00.920 of condensate return contamination 00:50:03.25000:50:03.260 detection and conductivity mean it would 00:50:04.87000:50:04.880 probably be simple it's the most basic 00:50:07.06000:50:07.070 one if you have a super heater on your 00:50:10.51000:50:10.520 plant at a bare minimum you need a 00:50:13.48000:50:13.490 sample point which has a sample cooler 00:50:16.09000:50:16.100 so that you can at least get a grab 00:50:18.07000:50:18.080 sample through the Cariocas and we've 00:50:20.62000:50:20.630 seen a few plants built in New Zealand 00:50:22.63000:50:22.640 where have super heaters but they never 00:50:25.57000:50:25.580 actually had a sample point stall okay 00:50:28.93000:50:28.940 so that they couldn't even do a 00:50:31.59900:50:31.609 carryover test they wanted to you know 00:50:35.50000:50:35.510 and that's resulted in all kinds of 00:50:37.09000:50:37.100 problems and the boiler itself obviously 00:50:39.55000:50:39.560 if you've got automatic blowdown 00:50:41.34900:50:41.359 controlled will be a conductivity or a 00:50:43.51000:50:43.520 TDS controller and their I would 00:50:46.39000:50:46.400 recommend pH 00:50:47.72000:50:47.730 on the boiler as well so but for ph 00:50:50.21000:50:50.220 you've got to have a sample point which 00:50:52.01000:50:52.020 has a sample caller to bring the 00:50:53.45000:50:53.460 temperature down if you've got a dear 00:50:57.47000:50:57.480 rater 00:50:57.92000:50:57.930 you know having a dissolved oxygen 00:51:00.08000:51:00.090 analyzer on the outlet of that as well 00:51:02.21000:51:02.220 is quite useful and often a pH meter on 00:51:06.26000:51:06.270 your feed water so again if you see an 00:51:08.15000:51:08.160 ammonia or you're trying to get at pH 00:51:11.21000:51:11.220 nine point eight to ten and your feed 00:51:12.92000:51:12.930 water actually being able to verify that 00:51:14.75000:51:14.760 with a two meter it's very helpful and 00:51:17.09000:51:17.100 then it also means that you can set up 00:51:18.80000:51:18.810 automatic control loops where you have a 00:51:20.75000:51:20.760 pump controlling to a set point which 00:51:22.94000:51:22.950 lowers your you know manual operator 00:51:25.22000:51:25.230 intervention and things like that and 00:51:26.93000:51:26.940 that would probably be would be my 00:51:29.21000:51:29.220 minimum recommendation there all right 00:51:33.14000:51:33.150 so the last one here on the list and 00:51:35.15000:51:35.160 hopefully we're going to be on time 00:51:36.41000:51:36.420 there's a layup and storage so say you 00:51:38.03000:51:38.040 got everything absolutely perfect with 00:51:39.83000:51:39.840 fuel and we find this actually out there 00:51:41.63000:51:41.640 in the world people have all their 00:51:43.04000:51:43.050 operating chemistry pretty spot-on and 00:51:45.71000:51:45.720 and they plot they run their plants 00:51:47.09000:51:47.100 really well but when they shut them down 00:51:49.72000:51:49.730 everything corrodes and they have all 00:51:51.68000:51:51.690 the problems start from the from that 00:51:53.15000:51:53.160 from the offline environment and this is 00:51:54.80000:51:54.810 quite Hooten that you know off 00:51:56.24000:51:56.250 especially Fonterra plants or plants 00:51:58.25000:51:58.260 that have a seasonal operational type 00:51:59.99000:52:00.000 mode where they might be shut down for a 00:52:01.43000:52:01.440 few months so what we get is loyalist 00:52:03.68000:52:03.690 and by corrosion where we get unwanted 00:52:05.54000:52:05.550 formation of non particular iron oxides 00:52:07.40000:52:07.410 which is rust so here we have a boiler 00:52:10.09900:52:10.109 heat recovery steam generator steam drum 00:52:12.17000:52:12.180 and Australia it's been shut down for an 00:52:13.67000:52:13.680 outage and they didn't get all the water 00:52:15.17000:52:15.180 out and you can see here is a water 00:52:17.03000:52:17.040 sitting here on the vessel and 00:52:18.50000:52:18.510 straightaway you can see it's rusting 00:52:20.42000:52:20.430 away and it's actually has in a way 00:52:21.92000:52:21.930 under there because water is now a 00:52:23.96000:52:23.970 hundred percent oxygen saturated and 00:52:26.75000:52:26.760 over time you know the pH goes down and 00:52:29.54000:52:29.550 away you go and this is me doing a 00:52:31.25000:52:31.260 boiler inspection and we're marking out 00:52:33.02000:52:33.030 things that we're finding and there 00:52:34.70000:52:34.710 further for the plan owner taking photos 00:52:37.16000:52:37.170 and going back to them and telling them 00:52:38.75000:52:38.760 that it's it's not right and basically 00:52:40.94000:52:40.950 if you've got an environment which is 00:52:42.80000:52:42.810 you've got higher than thirty percent 00:52:44.12000:52:44.130 relative humidity then you're going to 00:52:46.79000:52:46.800 have offline corrosion and it's often 00:52:48.95000:52:48.960 ignored in the gleek people just shut 00:52:50.59900:52:50.609 their plants down and just turn it off 00:52:51.98000:52:51.990 and say alright we're not running it for 00:52:53.48000:52:53.490 a month we'll just walk away and and if 00:52:56.33000:52:56.340 you in reserve all you're the backup 00:52:58.60900:52:58.619 boiler or you're starting and shutting 00:53:00.80000:53:00.810 down 00:53:01.12000:53:01.130 a lot this is this is really where you 00:53:02.95000:53:02.960 get a lot of problems and it's 00:53:04.05900:53:04.069 absolutely critical for steam turbines 00:53:05.95000:53:05.960 as well especially if you've got 00:53:07.32900:53:07.339 seasonal operation on a little steam 00:53:09.03900:53:09.049 turbine sit there the rest of the time 00:53:11.71000:53:11.720 so we see problems like this and you can 00:53:14.01900:53:14.029 see here where there was a puddle of 00:53:15.54900:53:15.559 water and it's caused some corrosion and 00:53:17.58900:53:17.599 then it's finally all evaporated away 00:53:19.12000:53:19.130 but what happens is when that plant 00:53:20.79900:53:20.809 starts up it oxide is NaN particular and 00:53:23.25900:53:23.269 it just washes off and then it 00:53:24.88000:53:24.890 transports through and will cause some 00:53:26.79900:53:26.809 problems elsewhere in the plant so why 00:53:30.22000:53:30.230 we wonder what are we interested in here 00:53:31.90000:53:31.910 is his thing called the Vern on curve 00:53:33.75900:53:33.769 it's from mr. Vernon back in 1935 and 00:53:36.60900:53:36.619 this explains why things rust and the 00:53:38.65000:53:38.660 jungle and is it so corrosion rate here 00:53:41.95000:53:41.960 humidity B is for carbon steel where 00:53:44.04900:53:44.059 100% humidity and the oxygen saturated 00:53:47.17000:53:47.180 conditions we have very high corrosion 00:53:48.75900:53:48.769 rates as we get drier and drier and 00:53:50.79900:53:50.809 drier basically when we get down to less 00:53:53.25900:53:53.269 than 30% the corrosion rate goes to zero 00:53:55.63000:53:55.640 so if you've got a boiler and you say I 00:53:58.63000:53:58.640 don't need to run it for six months or 00:54:00.46000:54:00.470 I'm shutting it down we would recommend 00:54:02.34900:54:02.359 that you you blow it on hot you get all 00:54:04.83900:54:04.849 that water out and then you either use 00:54:06.78900:54:06.799 something like instrument air or you get 00:54:08.74000:54:08.750 a tuba or you get a dehumidification 00:54:10.80900:54:10.819 system in there and you dry it out and 00:54:13.26900:54:13.279 you try and get the internal environment 00:54:15.06900:54:15.079 of all the water touch surfaces down 00:54:17.10900:54:17.119 below 30 percent relative humidity and 00:54:19.53900:54:19.549 basically you can say that boiler is now 00:54:21.60900:54:21.619 in suspended animation then there should 00:54:23.34900:54:23.359 be no corrosion occurring okay and a 00:54:26.09900:54:26.109 dehumidifier is normally months as 00:54:29.47000:54:29.480 dryers but they look like on the inside 00:54:31.26900:54:31.279 you have a self-regenerating discont 00:54:33.73000:54:33.740 wheel okay so we're we bring in you know 00:54:38.13000:54:38.140 humid air comes in gets dried through 00:54:41.28900:54:41.299 that desiccant comes out goes into the 00:54:43.35900:54:43.369 process and then there's DISA can't we 00:54:45.40000:54:45.410 or turns it's got an air heater it's 00:54:47.89000:54:47.900 it's it's driving the moisture out of 00:54:49.96000:54:49.970 the desiccant which has been ejected and 00:54:51.67000:54:51.680 then it's been continuously regenerated 00:54:53.20000:54:53.210 and continues to be dry and in a 00:54:56.04900:54:56.059 properly sized unit will produce five 00:54:58.72000:54:58.730 percent relative humidity and it's one 00:55:01.08900:55:01.099 of these things that you you hook it up 00:55:02.74000:55:02.750 to your boiler you know you drain the 00:55:05.31900:55:05.329 boiler down you hook this up and you 00:55:06.78900:55:06.799 know you're putting five percent 00:55:07.90000:55:07.910 relative humidity at one end and you 00:55:09.78900:55:09.799 boil through the boiler you have a flow 00:55:11.28900:55:11.299 path set up and you measure the humidity 00:55:12.88000:55:12.890 coming out the other end and if 00:55:15.01000:55:15.020 it might be like 60% on day one and you 00:55:17.29000:55:17.300 blow that here through and it might be 00:55:18.70000:55:18.710 30% on day two and then it might be 2% 00:55:21.58000:55:21.590 on day three and then you hand on your 00:55:23.86000:55:23.870 heart and say you know it's weathers now 00:55:26.08000:55:26.090 dry and it's in a particular state so 00:55:28.54000:55:28.550 this is really a lot of problems I see 00:55:31.75000:55:31.760 around the world is due to poor layup 00:55:34.12000:55:34.130 and storage you know where people have 00:55:37.21000:55:37.220 have initiated a whole bunch of 00:55:39.34000:55:39.350 corrosion problems because of the way 00:55:41.02000:55:41.030 they've stored the plant and things like 00:55:43.06000:55:43.070 if you get pets in certain locations 00:55:45.73000:55:45.740 they put you know eventually it'll cause 00:55:47.62000:55:47.630 a through wall failure on its own and 00:55:50.02000:55:50.030 it's a problem but the problem is is 00:55:51.55000:55:51.560 you've created an irregularity in the 00:55:53.23000:55:53.240 surface and there's a whole secondary 00:55:56.20000:55:56.210 bunch of corrosion problems that occur 00:55:58.03000:55:58.040 because you get cracks and been formed 00:56:00.82000:56:00.830 from the pit when you put the plant in 00:56:02.53000:56:02.540 service when you come up the temperature 00:56:04.60000:56:04.610 and pressure their stress is applied to 00:56:06.19000:56:06.200 the plant you can get these things with 00:56:08.17000:56:08.180 stress corrosion cracking and in 00:56:11.11000:56:11.120 corrosion fatigue particularly in 00:56:12.88000:56:12.890 turbines and super heaters and you know 00:56:15.93000:56:15.940 heat exchangers they've got some kind of 00:56:18.40000:56:18.410 tensile stress on them so something need 00:56:21.43000:56:21.440 to watch out for all right and no so 00:56:24.34000:56:24.350 we've got to the we've pretty much got 00:56:26.14000:56:26.150 to the end and I know there's been a bit 00:56:27.73000:56:27.740 of a roller coaster ride and and we're 00:56:31.57000:56:31.580 going to do some more on the corrosion 00:56:33.25000:56:33.260 mechanisms and the next one but 00:56:34.90000:56:34.910 basically the in summary the cycle 00:56:37.72000:56:37.730 chemistry goal was minimize corrosion 00:56:39.40000:56:39.410 and deep position and it's a very 00:56:41.02000:56:41.030 complex area science and no I don't say 00:56:43.33000:56:43.340 eliminate as we can never quite fully 00:56:45.49000:56:45.500 eliminate it so we always try and 00:56:47.01000:56:47.020 control it and bring it to a minimum 00:56:49.29000:56:49.300 there's a lot of misinformation and 00:56:52.12000:56:52.130 confusion out there and I blame the 00:56:53.71000:56:53.720 steam train for there and also some of 00:56:55.39000:56:55.400 it comes into what's right for one 00:56:58.42000:56:58.430 design and pressure of oiler is not 00:57:00.49000:57:00.500 necessarily right for another you know 00:57:03.16000:57:03.170 so you've got to understand the cycle 00:57:04.60000:57:04.610 and I recommend use a guideline and best 00:57:07.69000:57:07.700 practice current you know take a free 00:57:09.73000:57:09.740 one from my app so you can look at 00:57:11.32000:57:11.330 purchasing here's me one and things like 00:57:12.97000:57:12.980 that and and you need to consider the 00:57:15.19000:57:15.200 whole cycle by doing one thing in one 00:57:17.29000:57:17.300 location are you creating another 00:57:19.24000:57:19.250 problem through the down the path you 00:57:20.98000:57:20.990 know you might say hey I'm gonna dose 00:57:22.93000:57:22.940 ammonia because I heard that's really 00:57:24.76000:57:24.770 good for my feed water and it goes off 00:57:27.25000:57:27.260 and you realize you've now contaminate 00:57:28.96000:57:28.970 your your very expensive product you're 00:57:31.45000:57:31.460 making and now you can't export that so 00:57:33.55000:57:33.560 you've got any changes to your chemistry 00:57:36.19000:57:36.200 especially for any plant that's 00:57:37.75000:57:37.760 producing food or pharmaceuticals or 00:57:40.12000:57:40.130 something like that you go through that 00:57:42.07000:57:42.080 risk type analysis process through a 00:57:44.32000:57:44.330 heads up and say am i by creating a 00:57:46.48000:57:46.490 bigger problem by doing this or a zero 00:57:48.09900:57:48.109 is there a better way of things like 00:57:50.17000:57:50.180 that so there's a some additional 00:57:52.63000:57:52.640 information I've pointed this one out 00:57:54.25000:57:54.260 the IEPs - guidance document there is 00:57:56.68000:57:56.690 actually a journal for power plant 00:57:58.69000:57:58.700 chemistry which covers a lot of stuff 00:58:00.91000:58:00.920 around industrial boilers so you know 00:58:02.89000:58:02.900 that's got a chem net a cup an 00:58:06.46000:58:06.470 electronic subscription and they have a 00:58:07.96000:58:07.970 few papers and and things like that 00:58:09.88000:58:09.890 available you can drop me a line as well 00:58:12.84900:58:12.859 and I can probably send you a few bits 00:58:14.56000:58:14.570 and pieces and then just James want to 00:58:18.04000:58:18.050 do the last but here for what's coming 00:58:20.53000:58:20.540 up next 00:58:21.13000:58:21.140 okay so thanks very much Dave now just 00:58:24.76000:58:24.770 before I get into this just a quick note 00:58:26.56000:58:26.570 sort of that sort of concludes Dave's 00:58:28.27000:58:28.280 presentation today and on behalf of 00:58:30.04000:58:30.050 everyone thanks very much today was very 00:58:31.51000:58:31.520 informative and obviously if you've got 00:58:34.63000:58:34.640 the issues feel free to or questions you 00:58:36.40000:58:36.410 can email them through we will stay on 00:58:38.44000:58:38.450 the line for a few minutes now if anyone 00:58:40.75000:58:40.760 wants to fire through questions through 00:58:42.43000:58:42.440 the question portal you can just punch 00:58:45.46000:58:45.470 in your question and if you have miked 00:58:47.10900:58:47.119 up we'll we'll try and get you on line 00:58:50.71000:58:50.720 otherwise we'll try and address your 00:58:52.21000:58:52.220 question either way just as any of you 00:58:55.15000:58:55.160 might be thinking about putting a 00:58:56.32000:58:56.330 question in just a reminder here that 00:58:58.12000:58:58.130 we've got some webinars coming up I do 00:59:01.00000:59:01.010 apologize this seems to be a bit of 00:59:03.13000:59:03.140 confusion but the next webinar actually 00:59:05.50000:59:05.510 until which time is going to be on vs DS 00:59:07.21000:59:07.220 it's with myself the week of the 30th of 00:59:10.45000:59:10.460 March were actually having a break 00:59:12.82000:59:12.830 around the Easter holiday period just in 00:59:16.30000:59:16.310 recognition there's lots of people going 00:59:18.82000:59:18.830 to and to-and-fro bit of time off etc so 00:59:21.97000:59:21.980 there won't be a web another week of the 00:59:24.07000:59:24.080 30th so the following webinar will be 00:59:25.93000:59:25.940 the April the 6th on refrigeration 00:59:28.45000:59:28.460 process calling and then April 20th on 00:59:32.71000:59:32.720 mass and energy mapping for process heat 00:59:34.51000:59:34.520 systems so getting into the meat and in 00:59:38.07900:59:38.089 terms of how we need to address 00:59:41.50000:59:41.510 getting optimization in our process 00:59:43.75000:59:43.760 heating and cooling systems so yeah so 00:59:46.66000:59:46.670 on that note really I guess that's the 00:59:49.63000:59:49.640 webinars coming up and there's been a 00:59:51.37000:59:51.380 couple of people commenting today are 00:59:54.52000:59:54.530 asking questions and just to reaffirm 00:59:55.93000:59:55.940 that the presentation today the audio in 00:59:58.96000:59:58.970 slides will be available as per the 01:00:01.41001:00:01.420 YouTube channel that Iike has set up 01:00:04.33001:00:04.340 that can be accessed from their website 01:00:06.01001:00:06.020 now for those that can't access YouTube 01:00:09.42001:00:09.430 Iike has set up a Dropbox we're just 01:00:12.94001:00:12.950 sort of working through the font of 01:00:13.99001:00:14.000 details of that but if you're looking 01:00:16.06001:00:16.070 for that information you can email me at 01:00:19.02001:00:19.030 James in Waikato today cidade in Zedd 01:00:22.62001:00:22.630 for more details if you need that so say 01:00:26.50001:00:26.510 yes so just a reminder yes the slides 01:00:28.12001:00:28.130 are available along with the slides and 01:00:31.54001:00:31.550 presentations from the previous webinars 01:00:33.19001:00:33.200 for review for yourselves or to be able 01:00:36.88001:00:36.890 to share with your team or your boss to 01:00:38.65001:00:38.660 say hey look we need to look at this you 01:00:41.37001:00:41.380 know you might just be able to go to a 01:00:43.63001:00:43.640 certain part and you can you can show 01:00:45.70001:00:45.710 that so so yes so on that note we're 01:00:49.68001:00:49.690 happy to carry on we've just had a 01:00:54.40001:00:54.410 question Dave let's come through from / 01:00:57.49001:00:57.500 mesh how common is online dissolved 01:01:00.76001:01:00.770 oxygen monitoring and blowdown control 01:01:02.83001:01:02.840 in the industry you mentioned it's 01:01:05.29001:01:05.300 obviously useful automatic like 01:01:08.14001:01:08.150 automatic blowdown control is extremely 01:01:09.58001:01:09.590 common in fact I'm struggling to think 01:01:12.55001:01:12.560 of any industrial boilers I've seen in 01:01:14.71001:01:14.720 the last few years it didn't have an 01:01:17.38001:01:17.390 automatic tds type controller on them 01:01:20.05001:01:20.060 normally the reason for that is is that 01:01:22.47001:01:22.480 when you buy an automatic blowdown 01:01:25.35901:01:25.369 valves like say a spyrix psycho type 01:01:27.82001:01:27.830 unit that comes with the conductivity 01:01:30.43001:01:30.440 unit built into it right it's it's like 01:01:32.85901:01:32.869 that's the module when the most of them 01:01:34.51001:01:34.520 are supplied by a CR and things like 01:01:38.08001:01:38.090 there there's other options and is less 01:01:40.78001:01:40.790 common but it is still pretty common 01:01:44.58001:01:44.590 either via a permanently installed 01:01:47.77001:01:47.780 online meter or some sites might say 01:01:50.32001:01:50.330 have multiple boilers they'll purchase a 01:01:52.21001:01:52.220 portable unit that can be connected up 01:01:54.84901:01:54.859 for 01:01:55.39001:01:55.400 Yatta testing often you find that if 01:01:58.29901:01:58.309 you're using a chemical vendor to 01:02:00.78901:02:00.799 provide your boiler chemistry services 01:02:02.95001:02:02.960 they will have them as well and if you 01:02:05.14001:02:05.150 ask for some dissolved oxygen testing to 01:02:07.69001:02:07.700 be carried out 01:02:08.62001:02:08.630 I know Nalco and GE and things like that 01:02:11.10901:02:11.119 have the equipment and they can come 01:02:13.08901:02:13.099 into it all you gotta do is just connect 01:02:14.65001:02:14.660 up like a three-quarter inch Swagelok 01:02:17.67001:02:17.680 port and and you can run the instrument 01:02:21.30901:02:21.319 and away you go I actually have one 01:02:23.26001:02:23.270 myself as well for doing R&D work and 01:02:25.87001:02:25.880 investigation work at client sites and 01:02:27.88001:02:27.890 there may be $7,000 new zealand's for a 01:02:32.44001:02:32.450 portable unit that lists for a 01:02:34.00001:02:34.010 permanently installed one and they work 01:02:36.22001:02:36.230 quite nicely yeah actually that answers 01:02:39.76001:02:39.770 that question 01:02:40.89001:02:40.900 premier sure you miked up no no it's 01:02:47.26001:02:47.270 alright thank you from ish so well we'll 01:02:51.01001:02:51.020 hang around for a minute or two more if 01:02:52.53901:02:52.549 anyone else has got a question but 01:02:54.46001:02:54.470 otherwise if there's no more questions 01:02:57.13001:02:57.140 they feel free to carry on with your day 01:03:00.06901:03:00.079 and just a reminder that the slides and 01:03:01.99001:03:02.000 everything will be available and and 01:03:04.99001:03:05.000 stay tuned for the invite that we sent 01:03:06.73001:03:06.740 out for the the webinars coming up in 01:03:09.30901:03:09.319 the future okay 01:03:30.58001:03:30.590 okay hey yeah thanks very much to 01:03:33.26001:03:33.270 everyone who's passing on their 01:03:35.30001:03:35.310 appreciation but on that note in the 01:03:37.43001:03:37.440 absence of any more fest questions we'll 01:03:39.62001:03:39.630 will tidy up today and if you still have 01:03:43.34001:03:43.350 questions that come to you by all means 01:03:45.44001:03:45.450 feel free to send them through by email 01:03:47.06001:03:47.070 and we'll do our best to assist where we 01:03:49.79001:03:49.800 can so thank you very much and we'll see 01:03:52.61001:03:52.620 you all in two weeks
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