00:00:02.206 --> 00:00:08.976 In this video, we are going to discover what an industrial boiler is, and how it works. 00:00:09.001 --> 00:00:13.418 But first, let us consider the term heat. 00:00:14.903 --> 00:00:17.870 Heat is vital in everyone’s day to day lives. 00:00:17.895 --> 00:00:20.499 Whether it be heat to warm up our surroundings, 00:00:20.524 --> 00:00:27.404 or heat to be able to cook food, we all use it to some extent in our day to day activities. 00:00:29.165 --> 00:00:34.966 Water and steam are great heat carriers and are not damaging to our environment. 00:00:35.040 --> 00:00:43.054 The boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure is 100°C or 212°F. 00:00:43.386 --> 00:00:47.767 By pressurizing the boiling system by giving it an airtight seal, 00:00:47.792 --> 00:00:50.611 we can actually increase the boiling point. 00:00:50.636 --> 00:00:53.562 This is how pressure cookers work. 00:00:53.656 --> 00:00:59.150 An airtight vessel to increase the pressure to increase the boiling point. 00:00:59.326 --> 00:01:06.463 This makes the food cook in a much shorter time than if an open saucepan were to be used. 00:01:07.599 --> 00:01:11.205 So how does this compare with an industrial boiler? 00:01:11.267 --> 00:01:17.611 Well, for a start, industrial boilers can cope with pressures much higher than a pressure cooker. 00:01:17.704 --> 00:01:21.978 Industrial boilers are often made by welding together thick steel plates, 00:01:22.003 --> 00:01:25.027 allowing extremely high pressures to be made. 00:01:25.052 --> 00:01:28.754 It has to be made incredibly strong to cope with the high pressure, 00:01:28.779 --> 00:01:36.899 as failure to do so will result in forces close to an exploding bomb! 00:01:50.007 --> 00:01:52.604 before we get started on today's video 00:01:52.629 --> 00:01:56.939 if you love our videos, be sure to click the like button below. 00:01:56.964 --> 00:01:59.019 then make sure to click subscribe 00:01:59.044 --> 00:02:03.763 and the little bell to receive notifications of new RealPars videos. 00:02:03.788 --> 00:02:06.800 This way you never miss another one! 00:02:08.833 --> 00:02:14.251 The function of a boiler is to either produce hot water or steam. 00:02:14.332 --> 00:02:17.602 Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose of domestic 00:02:17.627 --> 00:02:21.625 or commercial heating and hot water supply. 00:02:22.972 --> 00:02:28.270 Steam boilers generate steam in order to power turbines for power generation 00:02:28.295 --> 00:02:31.776 and various other industrial heating applications. 00:02:31.866 --> 00:02:35.583 To visualize the effects of steam generation using a boiler, 00:02:35.608 --> 00:02:39.096 think of the steam powering a turbine. 00:02:39.170 --> 00:02:42.120 When the steam passes through the blades of a turbine, 00:02:42.145 --> 00:02:46.331 the force turns the blades and accelerates the turbine. 00:02:46.417 --> 00:02:49.337 Steam contains an enormous amount of energy, 00:02:49.362 --> 00:02:51.846 so it makes the turbine quite efficient 00:02:51.871 --> 00:02:58.417 and, depending on the fuel used to boil the water, quite energy efficient too. 00:03:00.471 --> 00:03:04.767 There are different types of boilers for all sorts of different applications. 00:03:04.792 --> 00:03:07.517 We are going to cover a couple of the different types, 00:03:07.542 --> 00:03:11.040 including how each of the methods is able to generate heat, 00:03:11.065 --> 00:03:16.487 so you can familiarise yourself, and be able to correctly identify them. 00:03:17.948 --> 00:03:21.035 Firstly, fire-tube boilers. 00:03:21.060 --> 00:03:24.945 The typical make up of this type of boiler is a furnace, 00:03:24.970 --> 00:03:29.325 a water tank acting as a boiler and a smokestack. 00:03:29.411 --> 00:03:33.765 There are tubes running through the water tank carrying the heat from the furnace, 00:03:33.790 --> 00:03:38.116 and the smokestack vents the heat and gases caused by the heating effect 00:03:38.141 --> 00:03:44.100 so that the pressure does not continue to rise above the intended level. 00:03:44.912 --> 00:03:48.075 So, the fuel is burned inside the furnace. 00:03:48.100 --> 00:03:52.600 The tubes transfer the heat of the furnace through the water in the tank. 00:03:52.694 --> 00:03:58.217 Once it is heated, the steam generated is moved along downstream. 00:03:58.295 --> 00:04:02.486 Fire-tube boilers tend to be the cheapest type of boiler to produce, 00:04:02.497 --> 00:04:04.979 as they have a fairly simple construction 00:04:04.998 --> 00:04:08.951 but are typically limited for low to medium pressure applications 00:04:08.976 --> 00:04:13.237 due to the thickness of the outer shell containing the water. 00:04:15.537 --> 00:04:21.595 Now that we have covered the fire-tube boiler, let’s have a look at a water-tube boiler. 00:04:21.889 --> 00:04:25.418 The design is fairly similar to a fire-tube boiler, 00:04:25.443 --> 00:04:29.451 but instead of the furnace heating fire tubes to heat water in a tank, 00:04:29.476 --> 00:04:33.435 the furnace heats water tubes inside the furnace. 00:04:34.373 --> 00:04:38.219 In the same way, a fuel source is burned in the furnace, 00:04:38.244 --> 00:04:42.146 causing the water tubes inside to heat up. 00:04:42.231 --> 00:04:49.104 Once again, when the water is boiled, steam is generated and moved downstream. 00:04:49.287 --> 00:04:53.727 A water-tube boiler is more thermally efficient than a fire-tube boiler, 00:04:53.752 --> 00:04:55.963 but they are more complex to construct 00:04:55.988 --> 00:04:59.310 and the quality of the water can be a limiting factor. 00:04:59.373 --> 00:05:04.764 The water may need filtering to operate most effectively. 00:05:06.139 --> 00:05:09.694 Combustion is the process of burning a fuel source. 00:05:09.748 --> 00:05:16.655 To create a reaction, there must be a fuel source, heat, and an oxidizing agent. 00:05:16.725 --> 00:05:22.541 Boilers can be designed to burn a specific fuel, using any number of different technologies, 00:05:22.545 --> 00:05:29.732 but the main component to consider here is the heat source,or otherwise known as the fuel. 00:05:29.818 --> 00:05:33.269 The fuel is one of the most important aspects of a boiler 00:05:33.294 --> 00:05:37.087 and is what burns inside the boiler to generate the heat. 00:05:37.181 --> 00:05:41.282 There are many different sources that can be used. 00:05:41.368 --> 00:05:43.632 Coal is a standard fuel source. 00:05:43.657 --> 00:05:48.620 In industrial boiler applications, the coal tends to be ground to a fine powder 00:05:48.645 --> 00:05:52.932 as it burns more completely than traditional bricks. 00:05:54.456 --> 00:06:01.116 Electric can be used as a heat source, either by resistance heating coils or electrode units. 00:06:01.141 --> 00:06:06.454 Electric would normally only be used for smaller commercial or domestic use. 00:06:07.259 --> 00:06:13.699 Electrode type applications require very high water quality and conductivity to work effectively. 00:06:13.724 --> 00:06:17.165 Maintenance is key to electrode type applications too, 00:06:17.190 --> 00:06:22.897 as cleaning the insulators is required to prevent arcing between the electrodes. 00:06:24.443 --> 00:06:29.217 Gas fired boilers work by using either propane or natural gas, 00:06:29.295 --> 00:06:35.554 whereas oil-fired boilers work using gasoline or petroleum-based fluid. 00:06:35.732 --> 00:06:39.709 So let’s now recap a few of the things learned today. 00:06:39.803 --> 00:06:44.426 Boilers are an extremely versatile and important piece of engineering equipment, 00:06:44.451 --> 00:06:50.100 that only for us on a domestic level, but at a commercial and industrial level too. 00:06:50.186 --> 00:06:54.145 There are so many different applications that boilers are used for. 00:06:54.170 --> 00:06:56.364 They are used in the food industry. 00:06:56.389 --> 00:07:03.311 Food, at various stages of production, needs to be heated or boiled as it is processed. 00:07:03.959 --> 00:07:08.078 Another interesting use of boilers is in the brewing of beer! 00:07:08.103 --> 00:07:12.967 During the beer brewing process, the malt needs to be ground and mixed with water, 00:07:12.992 --> 00:07:15.113 a process called mashing. 00:07:15.138 --> 00:07:18.504 This ‘mash’ is then heated, using steam, 00:07:18.529 --> 00:07:25.404 for several hours before the yeast is introduced to trigger the fermentation. 00:07:26.732 --> 00:07:29.910 To generate heat, we need a fuel source. 00:07:29.935 --> 00:07:34.482 The reaction of having a fuel source, heat and an oxidizing agent 00:07:34.507 --> 00:07:37.904 allows for a reaction to take place. 00:07:37.990 --> 00:07:40.324 This keeps the heat source going. 00:07:40.349 --> 00:07:44.523 By heating tubes of water, and using fire tubes to heat a tank, 00:07:44.548 --> 00:07:52.716 steam is produced at extremely high pressures to produce enormous amounts of energy! 00:07:53.061 --> 00:07:55.468 Ok, that’s all for today’s video. 00:07:55.493 --> 00:07:57.794 If you have learned something new from this video, 00:07:57.819 --> 00:08:00.786 it would mean the world to us to like this video. 00:08:01.115 --> 00:08:03.710 And if you can think of anything you’d like us to cover, 00:08:03.735 --> 00:08:09.435 let us know in the comments and we’ll see if we can put together a video on your topic too! 00:08:09.513 --> 00:08:16.630 Catch us next time for another informative video, that’s it for now! 00:08:18.556 --> 00:08:23.061 Want to learn PLC programming in an easy to understand format 00:08:23.086 --> 00:08:25.990 and take your career to the next level? 00:08:26.928 --> 00:08:35.284 Head on over to realpars.com
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