00:00:00.620 so let us first define a petrochemical 00:00:03.26000:00:03.270 probably you're wondering what's the 00:00:05.15000:00:05.160 difference between a petroleum derived 00:00:08.56000:00:08.570 product or a petrochemical or a 00:00:11.81000:00:11.820 petroleum refinery products and so on so 00:00:14.78000:00:14.790 here we go if a true chemical refers to 00:00:17.48000:00:17.490 all those components or compounds that 00:00:21.01900:00:21.029 can be derived from petroleum refinery 00:00:23.63000:00:23.640 products so in order to be able to 00:00:26.42000:00:26.430 chemical you must obtain it via the 00:00:29.06000:00:29.070 petroleum refining and not only that it 00:00:33.13900:00:33.149 must be stated that these are simple 00:00:35.93000:00:35.940 compounds such as methane and Lane as 00:00:38.42000:00:38.430 its Lane and so on but they are not 00:00:40.94000:00:40.950 multi-component products such as naphtha 00:00:43.43000:00:43.440 gas oil etc so what are we saying here 00:00:46.97000:00:46.980 that a petrochemical is a single 00:00:49.72900:00:49.739 component whereas the petroleum refining 00:00:53.20000:00:53.210 products are not a single component so 00:00:56.60000:00:56.610 for instance natural gas is not a 00:01:01.16000:01:01.170 petrochemical because it has methane 00:01:03.75900:01:03.769 ethane and many other materials no 00:01:09.05000:01:09.060 capitain and so on for instance methane 00:01:11.35900:01:11.369 can be considered a petrochemical yes 00:01:13.64000:01:13.650 even though it's not that common to use 00:01:15.71000:01:15.720 it at the Sabbath chemical but it is 00:01:18.34000:01:18.350 ethylene for sure because ethylene is a 00:01:21.32000:01:21.330 single material which is let me throw it 00:01:25.37000:01:25.380 for you which is then used for plastics 00:01:27.67900:01:27.689 so it's a petrochemical because it's 00:01:30.10900:01:30.119 only one chemical that is converted into 00:01:32.14900:01:32.159 another material he is gasoline or 00:01:35.10900:01:35.119 otherwise known as petrol a 00:01:37.70000:01:37.710 petrochemical nope 00:01:39.26000:01:39.270 by definition it has multi components so 00:01:42.28900:01:42.299 you have obtained obtained is obtains 00:01:45.56000:01:45.570 and many other materials which are all 00:01:49.06900:01:49.079 pooled in the appropriate 00:01:50.96000:01:50.970 petroleum refinery so all the materials 00:01:53.56900:01:53.579 go into this pool they blend the 00:01:56.27000:01:56.280 materials here and you will have a 00:01:58.52000:01:58.530 gasoline product which is not a 00:02:01.13000:02:01.140 petrochemical but gas if you were to 00:02:04.35900:02:04.369 separate ESO obtained that will be by 00:02:09.22900:02:09.239 definition a petrochemical or for 00:02:11.72000:02:11.730 instance 00:02:12.23000:02:12.240 you have a certain amount of aromatics 00:02:14.21000:02:14.220 and you remove them you got I don't know 00:02:17.00000:02:17.010 maybe benzene and toluene and then you 00:02:18.92000:02:18.930 separate these in to benzene and toluene 00:02:20.99000:02:21.000 yes 00:02:22.04000:02:22.050 the scene will be a petrochemical 00:02:23.17000:02:23.180 Angeline will be a petrochemical so 00:02:26.24000:02:26.250 that's very important guys please ensure 00:02:28.82000:02:28.830 that when are we talking about 00:02:30.73000:02:30.740 petrochemicals it's a one component 00:02:33.23000:02:33.240 material which typically comes from a 00:02:36.08000:02:36.090 petroleum refining profit so NAFTA we're 00:02:39.17000:02:39.180 going to see later on will be our raw 00:02:42.11000:02:42.120 material for several petrochemicals okay 00:02:46.52000:02:46.530 I said before these are from petroleum 00:02:48.71000:02:48.720 but they can also come from natural gas 00:02:50.57000:02:50.580 probably wondering which one well if you 00:02:53.72000:02:53.730 take a thing and you take out the 00:02:57.92000:02:57.930 hydrogen you will get ethylene and 00:03:00.38000:03:00.390 ethylene is steady before it's used or 00:03:03.55000:03:03.560 polyethylene which is a very common 00:03:06.02000:03:06.030 polymer used in plastics now this is 00:03:10.73000:03:10.740 obvious but surely my natural gases are 00:03:12.59000:03:12.600 both made from hydrocarbon molecules 00:03:14.93000:03:14.940 other hydrocarbons CH continuing 00:03:18.08000:03:18.090 material which comprises of at least one 00:03:22.25000:03:22.260 or more cards now this is one of the 00:03:26.81000:03:26.820 best things you will hear probably 00:03:29.48000:03:29.490 wondering why do we focus on 00:03:31.31000:03:31.320 petrochemical well I want to stop you or 00:03:36.41000:03:36.420 warn you but actually only 5% of oil and 00:03:40.01000:03:40.020 gas is used or consumed for 00:03:43.04000:03:43.050 petrochemicals the remaining 95% is try 00:03:47.87000:03:47.880 to guess it yeah it's burned for energy 00:03:52.24000:03:52.250 so only 5% is our demand actually the 00:03:56.60000:03:56.610 petrochemicals have a much higher price 00:03:59.18000:03:59.190 but of course it's kind of hard to get a 00:04:01.70000:04:01.710 high demand so probably try to imagine 00:04:04.13000:04:04.140 yourself you are at home and try to see 00:04:08.15000:04:08.160 all the plastic materials all the 00:04:10.22000:04:10.230 petroleum the right materials and maybe 00:04:12.47000:04:12.480 you will say I don't know I have one ton 00:04:15.02000:04:15.030 a material which maybe last three years 00:04:18.59000:04:18.600 so your consumption of chemical might be 00:04:20.99000:04:21.000 one ton per three years but guys 00:04:24.52000:04:24.530 remember 00:04:25.79000:04:25.800 electricity comes from burning fuels 00:04:28.79000:04:28.800 fossil fuels your gasoline or the 00:04:32.96000:04:32.970 gasoline you use of your car is also 00:04:35.68900:04:35.699 very high and also if you use natural 00:04:38.33000:04:38.340 gas or any gas material maybe liquefied 00:04:41.89900:04:41.909 petroleum gases for your cooking you're 00:04:44.48000:04:44.490 also poor in bed try to imagine the 00:04:46.67000:04:46.680 ratio I'm pretty sure it's more than one 00:04:49.12900:04:49.139 ton per year 00:04:51.02000:04:51.030 maybe even more so try let me give a 00:04:54.14000:04:54.150 quick guess I used a sixty litre tank I 00:05:00.37000:05:00.380 refill it three times so that's about 00:05:02.93000:05:02.940 180 liters of gasoline that's 00:05:05.42000:05:05.430 approximate let's say 150 kills per 00:05:08.99000:05:09.000 month so that's gasoline being burnt so 00:05:12.80000:05:12.810 if you compare it I actually use more 00:05:15.52900:05:15.539 petrol materials for energy rather than 00:05:18.49900:05:18.509 for petrochemicals so please try to 00:05:22.04000:05:22.050 remember this number only 5% will be 00:05:25.15900:05:25.169 used for petrochemicals still chemicals 00:05:28.79000:05:28.800 are very important for our food clothing 00:05:31.30900:05:31.319 shelter leisure and whatever mmm let's 00:05:35.42000:05:35.430 say test we can imagine I'm pretty 00:05:37.24900:05:37.259 confident that petrochemicals are 00:05:39.17000:05:39.180 present there so maybe you are a painter 00:05:42.43900:05:42.449 you will be using a lot of materials 00:05:45.11000:05:45.120 that come from the throw chemicals even 00:05:48.11000:05:48.120 those that maybe you say now this cannot 00:05:50.26900:05:50.279 be for instance acetone which is used to 00:05:52.90900:05:52.919 remove or to a thinner to the thinner 00:05:56.71900:05:56.729 the paint that's also many times derived 00:05:59.65900:05:59.669 from a petrochemical maybe even a from 00:06:02.51000:06:02.520 which you use to clean your materials 00:06:05.18000:06:05.190 that might have also been produced as a 00:06:07.96900:06:07.979 petrochemical we're going to see that 00:06:09.58900:06:09.599 later on and why do we use 00:06:12.20000:06:12.210 petrochemicals because we have a lot of 00:06:14.46900:06:14.479 raw materials they are low in cost so 00:06:17.89900:06:17.909 try to imagine a PET bottle versus a 00:06:21.93900:06:21.949 glass bottle so they are pretty similar 00:06:24.76900:06:24.779 actually this is much lighter just 00:06:27.76900:06:27.779 because the material is less it's going 00:06:29.30000:06:29.310 to be lowering price but this one right 00:06:32.54000:06:32.550 here the glasses requires high 00:06:35.20900:06:35.219 temperatures materials they can be 00:06:37.63900:06:37.649 broken down the 00:06:39.29000:06:39.300 destroy a broken so the plastic PET 00:06:41.92000:06:41.930 bottle will be much more lowering cost 00:06:44.71900:06:44.729 much more convenient lighter it's it 00:06:48.49900:06:48.509 there's more physical damage and so on 00:06:50.74900:06:50.759 so that's why we change typically all 00:06:52.79000:06:52.800 the applications towards petrochemicals 00:06:55.24000:06:55.250 you're talking about clothing before we 00:06:57.98000:06:57.990 used to use you have here you have 00:07:02.64900:07:02.659 cotton or cheese or wool and now we're 00:07:06.40900:07:06.419 using polyester why are we using or now 00:07:09.80000:07:09.810 why do we use that because it's it's 00:07:12.52900:07:12.539 much cheaper each month it's much 00:07:14.68900:07:14.699 convenient even though this is 00:07:16.52000:07:16.530 technically speaking much better for 00:07:18.58900:07:18.599 your skin and so on but still we have 00:07:21.83000:07:21.840 plenty applications nowadays you can 00:07:23.80900:07:23.819 find pretty advanced textile materials 00:07:26.68900:07:26.699 which can even be better than the 00:07:29.11900:07:29.129 natural ones and let's yeah let's finish 00:07:33.98000:07:33.990 this little lecture I just want to 00:07:35.93000:07:35.940 remember you guys but chemicals are very 00:07:37.90900:07:37.919 important please ensure that whenever we 00:07:40.30900:07:40.319 are to get up throw chemicals we are 00:07:43.61000:07:43.620 using a one-component material so for 00:07:46.67000:07:46.680 instance MTBE which is very common or 00:07:50.26900:07:50.279 maybe when sulfur can technically be 00:07:52.58000:07:52.590 assumed to be petrochemical these are 00:07:55.71900:07:55.729 present in gasoline 00:07:57.52900:07:57.539 this is MTBE which is used for anti 00:08:00.80000:08:00.810 knocking for the ant knocking of 00:08:03.26000:08:03.270 gasoline and software is can expensive 00:08:05.93000:08:05.940 to remove it so we are going to have 00:08:07.73000:08:07.740 several parts per million present there 00:08:10.51900:08:10.529 so those are separate petrochemicals 00:08:13.21900:08:13.229 that are blended into let's say also 00:08:16.55000:08:16.560 obtained is obtained they are all 00:08:19.79000:08:19.800 blended to make a petroleum refining 00:08:23.61900:08:23.629 product which is the gas okay so just 00:08:26.86900:08:26.879 ensure you don't confuse petrochemicals 00:08:29.95900:08:29.969 with petroleum refining products 00:08:34.25000:08:34.260 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