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What is LIQUID AIR What does LIQUID AIR mean LIQUID AIR meaning, definition & explanation
WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en
00:00:05.910 [Music] 00:00:10.91000:00:10.920 [Laughter] 00:00:17.62000:00:17.630 liquid air is air that has been cooled 00:00:20.09000:00:20.100 to very low temperatures cryogenic 00:00:22.60900:00:22.619 temperatures so that it has condensed 00:00:24.95000:00:24.960 into a pale blue mobile liquid to 00:00:27.52900:00:27.539 protect it from room temperature it must 00:00:29.83900:00:29.849 be kept in a vacuum insulated flask 00:00:32.31900:00:32.329 liquid air can absorb heat rapidly and 00:00:35.12000:00:35.130 revert to its gaseous state it is often 00:00:38.06000:00:38.070 used for condensing other substances 00:00:40.43000:00:40.440 into liquid and/or solidifying them and 00:00:42.97900:00:42.989 as an industrial source of nitrogen 00:00:45.17000:00:45.180 oxygen argon and other inert gases 00:00:48.77000:00:48.780 through a process called air separation 00:00:50.95000:00:50.960 liquid air is also replacing liquid 00:00:53.77900:00:53.789 nitrogen for theatrical smoke and fog 00:00:56.00000:00:56.010 effects liquid air has a density of 00:00:58.79000:00:58.800 approximately 870 kilogram / m3 0.87 00:01:03.97900:01:03.989 grams / centimeters 3 though the density 00:01:07.13000:01:07.140 may vary depending on the elemental 00:01:09.08000:01:09.090 composition of the air since dry gaseous 00:01:12.14000:01:12.150 air contains approximately 78% nitrogen 00:01:15.10900:01:15.119 21% oxygen and 1% argon the density of 00:01:20.45000:01:20.460 liquid air at standard composition is 00:01:22.76000:01:22.770 calculated by the percentage of the 00:01:24.77000:01:24.780 components and their respective liquid 00:01:27.05000:01:27.060 densities see liquid nitrogen and liquid 00:01:29.71900:01:29.729 oxygen although air contains trace 00:01:32.48000:01:32.490 amounts of carbon dioxide about 0.04 0% 00:01:37.10000:01:37.110 this gas supplements transfers directly 00:01:40.13000:01:40.140 between gas and solid and therefore does 00:01:42.83000:01:42.840 not exist as a liquid at pressures less 00:01:45.35000:01:45.360 than 5.1 atmospheres the boiling point 00:01:48.92000:01:48.930 of liquid air is minus 190 four point 00:01:52.03900:01:52.049 three five degrees Celsius intermediate 00:01:54.92000:01:54.930 between the boiling points of liquid 00:01:56.81000:01:56.820 nitrogen and liquid oxygen however it 00:02:00.08000:02:00.090 can be hard to keep at a stable 00:02:01.70000:02:01.710 temperature as the liquid boils since 00:02:04.34000:02:04.350 the nitrogen will boil off first 00:02:06.35000:02:06.360 leaving the mixture oxygen rich and 00:02:08.60000:02:08.610 changing the boiling point this may also 00:02:11.27000:02:11.280 occur in some sir 00:02:12.60000:02:12.610 stances due to the liquid air condensing 00:02:15.00000:02:15.010 oxygen out of the atmosphere liquid air 00:02:17.91000:02:17.920 freezes at approximately 58 K - 215 00:02:22.11000:02:22.120 degrees Celsius 00:02:23.31000:02:23.320 - 355 F also at standard atmospheric 00:02:27.54000:02:27.550 pressure the constituents of air were 00:02:30.18000:02:30.190 once known as permanent gases as they 00:02:32.85000:02:32.860 could not be liquefied solely by 00:02:34.74000:02:34.750 compression at room temperature a 00:02:36.66000:02:36.670 compression process will raise the 00:02:39.15000:02:39.160 temperature of the gas this heat is 00:02:41.73000:02:41.740 removed by cooling to the ambient 00:02:43.68000:02:43.690 temperature in a heat exchanger and then 00:02:46.08000:02:46.090 expanding by venting into a chamber the 00:02:48.99000:02:49.000 expansion causes a lowering of the 00:02:51.03000:02:51.040 temperature and by counter flow heat 00:02:53.13000:02:53.140 exchange of the expanded air the 00:02:55.62000:02:55.630 pressurized air entering the expander is 00:02:57.99000:02:58.000 further cold with sufficient compression 00:03:00.84000:03:00.850 flow and heat removal eventually 00:03:03.90000:03:03.910 droplets of liquid air will form which 00:03:06.30000:03:06.310 may then be employed directly for low 00:03:08.55000:03:08.560 temperature demonstrations the main 00:03:11.25000:03:11.260 constituents of air were liquefied for 00:03:13.62000:03:13.630 the first time by Polish scientists 00:03:15.78000:03:15.790 Seidman floor and Arab Leske and Carol L 00:03:18.36000:03:18.370 chefs key in 1883 devices for the 00:03:21.87000:03:21.880 production of liquid air are simple 00:03:23.72900:03:23.739 enough to be fabricated by the 00:03:25.41000:03:25.420 experimenter using commonly available 00:03:27.41000:03:27.420 materials in manufacturing processes the 00:03:31.50000:03:31.510 liquid their product is fractionated 00:03:33.27000:03:33.280 into its constituent asses in either 00:03:35.43000:03:35.440 liquid or gaseous form as the oxygen is 00:03:38.55000:03:38.560 especially useful for fuel gas welding 00:03:40.94900:03:40.959 and cutting and the argon is useful as 00:03:43.50000:03:43.510 an oxygen excluding shielding gas and 00:03:45.87000:03:45.880 gas tungsten arc welding liquid nitrogen 00:03:48.90000:03:48.910 is useful in various low temperature 00:03:51.15000:03:51.160 applications being nonreactive at normal 00:03:54.09000:03:54.100 temperatures I'd like oxygen and boiling 00:03:57.00000:03:57.010 at 77 K - 196 degrees Celsius minus 321 00:04:03.60000:04:03.610 degrees Fahrenheit during World War two 00:04:06.66000:04:06.670 Nazi Germany's nuclear scientists 00:04:09.36000:04:09.370 reportedly experimented with a bomb made 00:04:11.69900:04:11.709 from liquid air and coal dust 00:04:14.61000:04:14.620
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