Which Capacitor Tester Should I Buy

WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en

00:00:04.850
hi there and welcome to another episode
00:00:07.070 00:00:07.080 of mr. Carlson's lab this video we're
00:00:09.860 00:00:09.870 going to take a look at a whole bunch of
00:00:11.240 00:00:11.250 different capacitor testers that will
00:00:13.280 00:00:13.290 help you determine which particular
00:00:14.930 00:00:14.940 capacitor tester or capacitor testers
00:00:17.300 00:00:17.310 would be the best for what you're
00:00:18.800 00:00:18.810 servicing there's many different tests
00:00:21.439 00:00:21.449 that can be performed on capacitors and
00:00:23.599 00:00:23.609 all of these testers test capacitors a
00:00:26.390 00:00:26.400 little bit differently and I'll get into
00:00:28.250 00:00:28.260 that in this video so let's get started
00:00:31.720 00:00:31.730 the first capacitor tester that we're
00:00:34.100 00:00:34.110 going to take a look at today is this
00:00:35.270 00:00:35.280 Pako model C 25 and this is classified
00:00:38.630 00:00:38.640 as an insurgent capacitor tester and it
00:00:41.329 00:00:41.339 truly is an in circuit capacitor tester
00:00:43.850 00:00:43.860 due to the ingenious little circuit that
00:00:46.009 00:00:46.019 they've designed inside this box really
00:00:48.710 00:00:48.720 is quite bizarre so there are two tubes
00:00:51.560 00:00:51.570 inside this unit first is the indicator
00:00:53.990 00:00:54.000 tube here and then there's a little
00:00:55.340 00:00:55.350 oscillator tube that's located inside
00:00:58.149 00:00:58.159 the power supply inside this box has no
00:01:02.270 00:01:02.280 filter capacitor so both of these tubes
00:01:04.460 00:01:04.470 are running off of AC there's no
00:01:07.100 00:01:07.110 filtering at all very interesting design
00:01:09.800 00:01:09.810 so it almost makes one of these
00:01:12.530 00:01:12.540 capacitor testers pretty much ready just
00:01:14.930 00:01:14.940 to plug right in and try out there's no
00:01:16.850 00:01:16.860 filter capacitors to really go bad and
00:01:18.830 00:01:18.840 damage anything inside the device very
00:01:21.860 00:01:21.870 interesting now these particular
00:01:24.650 00:01:24.660 capacitor testers can be had at you know
00:01:27.110 00:01:27.120 ham radio swap meets or online for
00:01:29.180 00:01:29.190 relatively cheap and when you get them
00:01:32.720 00:01:32.730 it's always a good idea just to go
00:01:33.830 00:01:33.840 through the many ways and you know check
00:01:35.390 00:01:35.400 everything out make sure everything is
00:01:36.740 00:01:36.750 good now inside this unit is a 40
00:01:41.450 00:01:41.460 megahertz oscillator and that 40
00:01:44.570 00:01:44.580 megahertz oscillator is basically
00:01:47.420 00:01:47.430 feeding a signal through this piece of
00:01:50.030 00:01:50.040 coax which is cut to exactly one quarter
00:01:53.180 00:01:53.190 wavelength now there's a trimmer
00:01:55.610 00:01:55.620 capacitor inside this that you can
00:01:57.410 00:01:57.420 adjust so you know if it's trimmed a
00:01:59.030 00:01:59.040 little shorter a little longer you can
00:02:00.380 00:02:00.390 adjust that frequency in there the
00:02:02.719 00:02:02.729 person that added these ends on to the
00:02:06.050 00:02:06.060 end of the coax here obviously did not
00:02:07.610 00:02:07.620 understand how this works because these
00:02:09.589 00:02:09.599 are way too long and this is going to
00:02:11.449 00:02:11.459 cause erroneous readings so these need
00:02:14.030 00:02:14.040 to be very short little leads with
00:02:15.590 00:02:15.600 little alligator clips on the
00:02:17.300 00:02:17.310 in order for this thing to work
00:02:18.710 00:02:18.720 correctly and I plan on doing a
00:02:21.170 00:02:21.180 restoration on this little capacity
00:02:23.540 00:02:23.550 tester here in the future so if you're
00:02:25.190 00:02:25.200 interested in seeing that leave your
00:02:27.350 00:02:27.360 comments below and I'll revisit this in
00:02:30.530 00:02:30.540 the future so at any rate a very
00:02:33.410 00:02:33.420 ingenious design so the whole idea is to
00:02:35.780 00:02:35.790 complete a 40 megahertz signal through
00:02:38.000 00:02:38.010 this piece of coax here and then what
00:02:40.430 00:02:40.440 you do is you clip this into the circuit
00:02:42.170 00:02:42.180 across the capacitor inside the circuit
00:02:44.839 00:02:44.849 and whatever is hooked in line or you
00:02:47.330 00:02:47.340 know if there's any resistors that are
00:02:49.100 00:02:49.110 hooked to this inside the unit because
00:02:51.289 00:02:51.299 this is oscillating at such a high
00:02:53.180 00:02:53.190 frequency it's going to basically ignore
00:02:55.250 00:02:55.260 the rest of the circuitry so when I get
00:02:58.490 00:02:58.500 into the restoration of this particular
00:03:00.229 00:03:00.239 device I'll explain a little bit more
00:03:02.150 00:03:02.160 about that at that point now one of the
00:03:05.720 00:03:05.730 the cons to this particular device is a
00:03:09.080 00:03:09.090 lot of the capacitors that you're going
00:03:11.240 00:03:11.250 to be looking at in say a radio and
00:03:13.430 00:03:13.440 amplifier or say even an older
00:03:15.289 00:03:15.299 television nowadays have developed
00:03:17.870 00:03:17.880 leakage this particular capacitor tester
00:03:20.660 00:03:20.670 is a go or no-go kind of test it's
00:03:23.360 00:03:23.370 basically looking at extremes it's
00:03:25.430 00:03:25.440 either a short or an open capacitor and
00:03:28.340 00:03:28.350 that's basically all it's looking for
00:03:30.430 00:03:30.440 it's a relatively easy tester to read
00:03:33.860 00:03:33.870 because a closed eye indicates a
00:03:35.809 00:03:35.819 defective capacitor in these modes here
00:03:38.800 00:03:38.810 so this really is not going to indicate
00:03:42.620 00:03:42.630 leakage and that's a very important
00:03:45.229 00:03:45.239 thing to be looking for nowadays because
00:03:47.300 00:03:47.310 the capacitors in these older amplifiers
00:03:49.520 00:03:49.530 and you know radios and televisions are
00:03:51.770 00:03:51.780 developing leakage by now because
00:03:53.660 00:03:53.670 they're breaking down inside again this
00:03:56.270 00:03:56.280 is looking for extremes this is either
00:03:58.789 00:03:58.799 looking for a short or for an opening
00:04:01.190 00:04:01.200 the capacitor so you're not going to be
00:04:03.170 00:04:03.180 able to test that leakage that is the
00:04:05.030 00:04:05.040 con to this particular capacitor tester
00:04:08.559 00:04:08.569 this ICO 955 is very similar to the last
00:04:12.319 00:04:12.329 capacitor tester that we looked at the
00:04:14.360 00:04:14.370 difference being is this capacitor
00:04:16.039 00:04:16.049 tester has a much reduced range if you
00:04:18.650 00:04:18.660 recall the Pako went to 400 micro farad
00:04:21.409 00:04:21.419 for testing electrolitic s-- this one
00:04:23.480 00:04:23.490 tops out at only 50 micro farad now
00:04:28.040 00:04:28.050 again this is an in circuit tester
00:04:31.040 00:04:31.050 and it's not really looking at an
00:04:33.140 00:04:33.150 in-between state it really is a go/no-go
00:04:35.570 00:04:35.580 kind of test so we have a short test and
00:04:38.210 00:04:38.220 we have an open test and then we have
00:04:40.190 00:04:40.200 our capacity test here which we would
00:04:41.930 00:04:41.940 use this for now in my own opinion if
00:04:46.190 00:04:46.200 you saw something like this on a table
00:04:47.570 00:04:47.580 unless you're an eco collector I
00:04:49.640 00:04:49.650 wouldn't really be too interested in
00:04:51.320 00:04:51.330 something like this now if you're
00:04:54.410 00:04:54.420 interested in you know say that price
00:04:56.060 00:04:56.070 was right say this was you know five
00:04:57.680 00:04:57.690 bucks or something like that and the I
00:04:59.210 00:04:59.220 tube and this was still good
00:05:00.740 00:05:00.750 might be worth picking up for the I tube
00:05:02.390 00:05:02.400 or if you want something just as a shelf
00:05:04.520 00:05:04.530 queen or something like that you know
00:05:06.200 00:05:06.210 that'd be fine as well so if you're
00:05:09.140 00:05:09.150 interested in seeing the inside of this
00:05:11.240 00:05:11.250 and going over the circuitry and seeing
00:05:13.430 00:05:13.440 the way this particular device works you
00:05:15.080 00:05:15.090 may also want to leave that below in the
00:05:16.490 00:05:16.500 comments as well this unit oscillates at
00:05:19.520 00:05:19.530 around 22 mega cycles whereas the Pako
00:05:23.270 00:05:23.280 oscillates around 40 mega cycles so the
00:05:26.540 00:05:26.550 design is similar frequencies are a
00:05:28.310 00:05:28.320 little bit different things like that
00:05:30.520 00:05:30.530 again you know this is really just the
00:05:32.810 00:05:32.820 reduced range version of that other
00:05:35.510 00:05:35.520 tester so in my own opinion you see one
00:05:38.690 00:05:38.700 of these things and you're looking for a
00:05:40.100 00:05:40.110 usable capacitor tester keep on walking
00:05:43.960 00:05:43.970 Heathkit capacitor tester model Ct one
00:05:47.090 00:05:47.100 similar to the last design yet even a
00:05:50.060 00:05:50.070 further reduced range lower oscillating
00:05:53.630 00:05:53.640 frequency about nineteen megacycles so
00:05:57.530 00:05:57.540 again unless you're looking for a nice
00:05:59.840 00:05:59.850 eye tube for an older radio or something
00:06:02.120 00:06:02.130 like that my suggestion is to keep on
00:06:05.510 00:06:05.520 walking this is one of my favorite
00:06:09.380 00:06:09.390 capacitor checkers this is the heat camp
00:06:11.660 00:06:11.670 model i t11 I have another favorite
00:06:14.570 00:06:14.580 which is my Jackson model 591 but I
00:06:17.240 00:06:17.250 won't talk about that today just because
00:06:18.560 00:06:18.570 it pretty much does the same thing that
00:06:20.360 00:06:20.370 this capacitor tester does is just a
00:06:22.160 00:06:22.170 different name and in fact the Jackson
00:06:24.710 00:06:24.720 is a little safer than this particular
00:06:26.540 00:06:26.550 tester as well but that safety thing can
00:06:29.480 00:06:29.490 be a catch-22 because the safety thing
00:06:31.820 00:06:31.830 on the Jackson tester eliminates one of
00:06:34.460 00:06:34.470 the functions that this particular
00:06:35.780 00:06:35.790 tester is capable of and I'll explain
00:06:37.850 00:06:37.860 that here in just a little bit so this
00:06:41.930 00:06:41.940 is still a very valid piece of test gear
00:06:43.910 00:06:43.920 today on
00:06:44.690 00:06:44.700 any test bench this does a whole host of
00:06:47.090 00:06:47.100 different functions and it does so many
00:06:50.270 00:06:50.280 functions that it's really beyond the
00:06:52.010 00:06:52.020 scope of this video here so explaining
00:06:54.980 00:06:54.990 exactly everything that this tester does
00:06:57.410 00:06:57.420 could be a video within itself now I
00:07:00.650 00:07:00.660 really only use this particular
00:07:02.990 00:07:03.000 capacitor tester for its leakage
00:07:05.120 00:07:05.130 function you can see leakage here this
00:07:07.370 00:07:07.380 is the test that all of those other
00:07:09.230 00:07:09.240 capacitor testers didn't do those were
00:07:12.020 00:07:12.030 all just pretty much go and no-go kind
00:07:14.600 00:07:14.610 of tests this will test that in between
00:07:16.880 00:07:16.890 state this will indicate when a
00:07:19.490 00:07:19.500 capacitor is breaking down inside so on
00:07:22.160 00:07:22.170 the paper is going back essentially the
00:07:25.070 00:07:25.080 capacitor is turning into a resistor now
00:07:29.180 00:07:29.190 this doesn't supply any RF into the
00:07:31.550 00:07:31.560 circuit like the other capacitor testers
00:07:33.680 00:07:33.690 do so this requires you to disconnect
00:07:36.410 00:07:36.420 one end of the capacitor in order to
00:07:38.810 00:07:38.820 make that test within the circuit what
00:07:41.930 00:07:41.940 this does is this applies DC across the
00:07:44.990 00:07:45.000 capacitor and reads the leakage current
00:07:47.050 00:07:47.060 that the capacitor has itself so it'll
00:07:50.450 00:07:50.460 measure the amount of leakage and it
00:07:52.250 00:07:52.260 will display that on the eye here so if
00:07:54.890 00:07:54.900 the eye closes that tells you that the
00:07:57.530 00:07:57.540 capacitor is bad in that of course is
00:08:00.320 00:08:00.330 when this is in the leakage position so
00:08:03.530 00:08:03.540 this brings me to this safety talk about
00:08:06.110 00:08:06.120 this particular capacitor tester this is
00:08:08.270 00:08:08.280 a very dangerous capacitor tester if you
00:08:10.790 00:08:10.800 don't know what you're doing just
00:08:12.260 00:08:12.270 because of this switch right here now as
00:08:16.880 00:08:16.890 you can see we have a voltage control
00:08:18.380 00:08:18.390 here that goes from 3 volts in steps all
00:08:21.380 00:08:21.390 the way up to 600 volts so if this is in
00:08:26.450 00:08:26.460 the leakage position like it is now and
00:08:28.670 00:08:28.680 this is up at 600 volts there is 600
00:08:31.370 00:08:31.380 volts across these two terminals at all
00:08:33.620 00:08:33.630 times until you click this to discharge
00:08:37.300 00:08:37.310 now you'll notice that this is
00:08:39.080 00:08:39.090 spring-loaded in the jackson tester this
00:08:41.900 00:08:41.910 is spring-loaded and it'll spring back
00:08:44.240 00:08:44.250 to the discharge position this you can
00:08:47.450 00:08:47.460 leave in leakage and forget about it and
00:08:49.790 00:08:49.800 that makes this very dangerous now
00:08:52.070 00:08:52.080 here's the thing many people want this
00:08:55.070 00:08:55.080 non spring-loaded switch because they
00:08:57.710 00:08:57.720 like to use
00:08:58.580 00:08:58.590 to try to reform capacitors so there's
00:09:02.180 00:09:02.190 that catch-22 thing so you need to be
00:09:04.820 00:09:04.830 very careful with this capacitor tester
00:09:07.490 00:09:07.500 if you forget about this and try to
00:09:09.230 00:09:09.240 remove a capacitor you're in for a nasty
00:09:11.780 00:09:11.790 shock if you have an electrolytic
00:09:14.720 00:09:14.730 capacitor across these terminals it
00:09:16.790 00:09:16.800 could be deadly
00:09:18.130 00:09:18.140 so you always need to remember to click
00:09:21.530 00:09:21.540 this to discharge watch the tube up here
00:09:24.200 00:09:24.210 the tube will indicate when the
00:09:25.850 00:09:25.860 capacitor is discharged
00:09:28.160 00:09:28.170 once this indicates the cap is
00:09:30.950 00:09:30.960 discharged you never take a chance you
00:09:33.200 00:09:33.210 always take a screwdriver and short it
00:09:35.210 00:09:35.220 across the capacitor before you remove
00:09:37.430 00:09:37.440 it you can imagine what would happen if
00:09:40.850 00:09:40.860 you have this in the electrolytic
00:09:42.140 00:09:42.150 position and say you had a 100
00:09:44.650 00:09:44.660 microfarad electrolytic capacitor
00:09:47.450 00:09:47.460 charged up to 400 volts and it wasn't
00:09:50.840 00:09:50.850 you know properly discharged so say it
00:09:53.060 00:09:53.070 was still again sitting at that 400
00:09:55.010 00:09:55.020 volts that would be a very very
00:09:57.290 00:09:57.300 dangerous situation so if you're going
00:09:59.420 00:09:59.430 to use a capacitor tester like this I
00:10:01.280 00:10:01.290 strongly suggest that you read the
00:10:03.170 00:10:03.180 instruction manual become very familiar
00:10:05.750 00:10:05.760 with this device what I always do I
00:10:08.510 00:10:08.520 always make a note to make sure this
00:10:11.120 00:10:11.130 isn't discharge and turn that rate back
00:10:13.790 00:10:13.800 down to three before I use it again for
00:10:16.730 00:10:16.740 the next capacitor it's kind of like one
00:10:19.820 00:10:19.830 of those things that you just do
00:10:20.950 00:10:20.960 automatically if you were to forget and
00:10:24.140 00:10:24.150 you left this at 150 volts and say you
00:10:26.630 00:10:26.640 took a 25 volt capacitor and put it
00:10:28.640 00:10:28.650 across these terminals and accidentally
00:10:30.170 00:10:30.180 hit leakage the things going to explode
00:10:32.600 00:10:32.610 so it can be very dangerous so you need
00:10:35.630 00:10:35.640 to be very very careful with this
00:10:36.980 00:10:36.990 capacitor tester so other than that this
00:10:41.390 00:10:41.400 thing is a great device to use this has
00:10:44.449 00:10:44.459 so many different features you can even
00:10:45.890 00:10:45.900 look at turns ratios or workout turns
00:10:47.930 00:10:47.940 ratios of transformers with this thing
00:10:49.790 00:10:49.800 again this goes well beyond the scope of
00:10:51.980 00:10:51.990 this video here again I only use this
00:10:54.920 00:10:54.930 device for its leakage test I use
00:10:57.199 00:10:57.209 digital meters for everything else and
00:10:59.510 00:10:59.520 in a moment we'll take a look at those
00:11:01.699 00:11:01.709 digital meters as well
00:11:04.300 00:11:04.310 the next meter we're going to take a
00:11:06.110 00:11:06.120 look at is known as an LCR meter so L
00:11:09.470 00:11:09.480 for inductance C for capacitance and all
00:11:12.290 00:11:12.300 are for resistance this particular meter
00:11:14.570 00:11:14.580 has the added bonus of being able to
00:11:16.610 00:11:16.620 test microwave diodes and Zener diodes
00:11:18.710 00:11:18.720 at the six point eight volts the reason
00:11:20.690 00:11:20.700 it will test the six point eight volts
00:11:21.980 00:11:21.990 entered out is because the unit itself
00:11:23.810 00:11:23.820 is powered by an internal 9-volt battery
00:11:26.860 00:11:26.870 now the reason that I'm talking about
00:11:29.030 00:11:29.040 LCR and not just see in this particular
00:11:31.610 00:11:31.620 meter here is because if you're going to
00:11:33.800 00:11:33.810 have any type of electronic service
00:11:35.600 00:11:35.610 bench or if you need to do any type of
00:11:37.460 00:11:37.470 electronic servicing there's going to be
00:11:39.590 00:11:39.600 a point in time when you're going to
00:11:41.030 00:11:41.040 need to test some form of inductor and
00:11:43.300 00:11:43.310 this will do it the price of an LCR
00:11:46.670 00:11:46.680 meter an LCR meter like this really
00:11:49.220 00:11:49.230 isn't that much more than a dedicated
00:11:51.290 00:11:51.300 capacitance meter and by having this you
00:11:54.200 00:11:54.210 know you get all of this and basically
00:11:55.790 00:11:55.800 one meter so very handy thing to have on
00:11:59.090 00:11:59.100 the bench now the thing that really made
00:12:01.730 00:12:01.740 this particular meter shine for me the
00:12:04.310 00:12:04.320 dalm 240 this is made by circuit test is
00:12:06.670 00:12:06.680 the inductance range this goes to 200
00:12:10.040 00:12:10.050 Henry's now on dealing a lot with
00:12:12.410 00:12:12.420 modified heisting modulation and
00:12:14.540 00:12:14.550 modulation reactors and a lot of the
00:12:16.940 00:12:16.950 times those reactors are up around 60 to
00:12:20.150 00:12:20.160 80 Henry's and that exceeds the range of
00:12:22.940 00:12:22.950 a lot of these particular types of
00:12:24.470 00:12:24.480 meters this one here will test up to 200
00:12:27.410 00:12:27.420 Henry's so this is comfortably within
00:12:29.300 00:12:29.310 their range that's what really made this
00:12:31.400 00:12:31.410 particular meter stand out to me so you
00:12:34.760 00:12:34.770 can test things with the alligator clips
00:12:36.620 00:12:36.630 or you can plug capacitors directly into
00:12:38.900 00:12:38.910 the unit itself to do the test so it is
00:12:41.030 00:12:41.040 very versatile so this particular meter
00:12:44.630 00:12:44.640 or some variant of a meter like this is
00:12:47.690 00:12:47.700 an absolute must for any electronic
00:12:50.510 00:12:50.520 service vention a letís if you plan on
00:12:54.140 00:12:54.150 working on switch mode power supplies
00:12:56.000 00:12:56.010 owning an ESR meter is an absolute must
00:12:58.640 00:12:58.650 is our stands for equivalent series
00:13:00.980 00:13:00.990 resistance so you can picture an
00:13:03.320 00:13:03.330 electrolytic capacitor with a resistor
00:13:05.360 00:13:05.370 in series with one of the legs now the
00:13:08.840 00:13:08.850 nice thing about these particular meters
00:13:10.340 00:13:10.350 is they will test a lot of the
00:13:11.930 00:13:11.940 capacitors right in circuits so you
00:13:13.460 00:13:13.470 don't even need to remove them again
00:13:15.230 00:13:15.240 this is dealing with our RF so we're
00:13:17.630 00:13:17.640 dealing with a signal at the jacks here
00:13:19.550 00:13:19.560 which a lot of the times not all the
00:13:22.400 00:13:22.410 times but a lot of the times pretty much
00:13:23.990 00:13:24.000 avoids all the rest of the circuitry and
00:13:26.180 00:13:26.190 there's
00:13:26.630 00:13:26.640 you're pretty much just testing the cap
00:13:28.690 00:13:28.700 now ESR you can look at it like this
00:13:32.440 00:13:32.450 switch mode power supplies first of all
00:13:34.610 00:13:34.620 are very hard on electrolytic capacitors
00:13:36.950 00:13:36.960 a lot of the times electrolytic
00:13:38.630 00:13:38.640 capacitors leak and I'll end up drying
00:13:40.820 00:13:40.830 up when they dry up they develop ESR and
00:13:44.290 00:13:44.300 ESR can be looked at like a resistor in
00:13:47.450 00:13:47.460 line with one of the leads climbing in
00:13:49.760 00:13:49.770 resistance over time as this is drying
00:13:52.310 00:13:52.320 up well if we have a resistor say in
00:13:55.610 00:13:55.620 line with a 1000 micro farad capacitor
00:13:57.740 00:13:57.750 here and say it's up to 5 ohms and it's
00:14:01.430 00:14:01.440 going up to 10 ohms and then up to 15
00:14:03.800 00:14:03.810 ohms well what's going to happen to that
00:14:05.990 00:14:06.000 resistor if it's in series with that
00:14:07.970 00:14:07.980 capacitor and the capacitor is working
00:14:10.070 00:14:10.080 in the circuit that resistor is going to
00:14:11.630 00:14:11.640 get hot and that's effectively what the
00:14:14.510 00:14:14.520 capacitor is now doing it's becoming
00:14:16.910 00:14:16.920 resistive and it's getting hot inside
00:14:18.770 00:14:18.780 and it's kind of like a runaway
00:14:20.090 00:14:20.100 situation the capacitor itself will keep
00:14:22.790 00:14:22.800 getting hot and hot hot and really start
00:14:24.590 00:14:24.600 to boil
00:14:25.280 00:14:25.290 sometimes they burst out of the top and
00:14:27.260 00:14:27.270 if you've worked on any kind of a
00:14:28.850 00:14:28.860 computer power supply or motherboards
00:14:30.440 00:14:30.450 you've seen that they actually kind of
00:14:33.140 00:14:33.150 explode on the top and they let the
00:14:34.820 00:14:34.830 pressure because they boil inside and
00:14:36.920 00:14:36.930 that is because of developed ESR and
00:14:39.680 00:14:39.690 that's what this particular meteor tests
00:14:42.050 00:14:42.060 Tandi it has its own little chart right
00:14:44.180 00:14:44.190 on the face right here so you can look
00:14:46.520 00:14:46.530 up the rating of the capacitor and
00:14:48.020 00:14:48.030 compare your ESR reading to what's on
00:14:50.090 00:14:50.100 the chart here and you'll know if the
00:14:51.980 00:14:51.990 capacitor is faulty or not again if
00:14:55.220 00:14:55.230 you're working on any type of a switch
00:14:56.960 00:14:56.970 mode power supply owning some form of an
00:15:00.230 00:15:00.240 ESR meter is an absolute must to find
00:15:03.980 00:15:03.990 these capacitors a lot of the times
00:15:05.840 00:15:05.850 you'll test the capacitor in a normal
00:15:07.850 00:15:07.860 capacitor tester just looking at its
00:15:09.680 00:15:09.690 capacitance it'll test fine but when you
00:15:12.800 00:15:12.810 test it with an ESR meter it grossly
00:15:14.900 00:15:14.910 fails here's an example of using two
00:15:18.440 00:15:18.450 different capacitor testers to help us
00:15:20.270 00:15:20.280 identify whether a capacitor is good or
00:15:22.850 00:15:22.860 bad
00:15:23.150 00:15:23.160 the first test will be a capacitance
00:15:25.670 00:15:25.680 test the second test will be a leakage
00:15:27.890 00:15:27.900 test the capacitor we're going to test
00:15:30.380 00:15:30.390 today is a brand new wax capacitor point
00:15:34.040 00:15:34.050 one micro farad at 200 volts DC so as a
00:15:37.190 00:15:37.200 wax on the leads here had to warm up the
00:15:39.980 00:15:39.990 time machine
00:15:40.580 00:15:40.590 this one so the capacitor tester here is
00:15:44.150 00:15:44.160 set to 2 micro farad that's the scale
00:15:46.850 00:15:46.860 it's set to because this capacitor is
00:15:48.770 00:15:48.780 rated at point 1 micro farad so what
00:15:51.650 00:15:51.660 I'll do is I'll just put the test leads
00:15:54.320 00:15:54.330 onto the capacitor here and as you can
00:15:58.880 00:15:58.890 see it's reading 0.14 so one might think
00:16:03.590 00:16:03.600 that this capacitor is actually a little
00:16:05.930 00:16:05.940 bit of an overachiever so it looks good
00:16:08.600 00:16:08.610 on this tester now what I'm going to do
00:16:11.870 00:16:11.880 is remove the two leads from this tester
00:16:14.420 00:16:14.430 here and make sure the voltage is
00:16:16.520 00:16:16.530 sitting at 3 volts and the switch here
00:16:19.310 00:16:19.320 is on discharge I'm going to plug the
00:16:22.400 00:16:22.410 leads in to the leakage test now I'll
00:16:25.640 00:16:25.650 just set this off to the side so that I
00:16:27.770 00:16:27.780 don't have to hold the capacitor when
00:16:30.020 00:16:30.030 I'm putting voltage across this so now
00:16:34.100 00:16:34.110 what I'm going to do is click the switch
00:16:36.170 00:16:36.180 to leakage and slowly advance the
00:16:38.450 00:16:38.460 voltage control here you keep an eye on
00:16:41.180 00:16:41.190 the I tube you'll see that the I will
00:16:43.400 00:16:43.410 close when I click this to leakage
00:16:45.650 00:16:45.660 that's indicating that it's charging
00:16:47.330 00:16:47.340 this capacitor when the capacitor is
00:16:50.420 00:16:50.430 charged the I will open so here we go so
00:16:55.760 00:16:55.770 there's 3 volts across this capacitor
00:16:58.190 00:16:58.200 now the eye is open indicating that
00:17:00.140 00:17:00.150 there is not excessive leakage current
00:17:02.650 00:17:02.660 so we have 6 volts 10 volts 15 volts you
00:17:09.880 00:17:09.890 can see it's slowing down 25 volts the
00:17:15.470 00:17:15.480 eye is an opening anymore indicating
00:17:17.930 00:17:17.940 that this capacitor is excessively leaky
00:17:21.170 00:17:21.180 at 25 volts now if we look at the
00:17:27.080 00:17:27.090 capacitor here again you can see that
00:17:33.320 00:17:33.330 it's rated for 200 volts being a wax
00:17:37.610 00:17:37.620 capacitor like this we know that this is
00:17:39.650 00:17:39.660 going to be in some form of vacuum tube
00:17:41.480 00:17:41.490 circuitry and chances are it's going to
00:17:44.120 00:17:44.130 be close to 200 volts if this is leaking
00:17:47.720 00:17:47.730 at 25 volts we're going to have a big
00:17:50.330 00:17:50.340 problem with the equipment that this
00:17:52.610 00:17:52.620 particular capacitor
00:17:53.960 00:17:53.970 is in so this capacitor is very faulty
00:17:57.820 00:17:57.830 so this did not indicate the fault where
00:18:01.910 00:18:01.920 this did that's why it's so important to
00:18:04.670 00:18:04.680 have a leakage tester let's test a small
00:18:08.740 00:18:08.750 electrolytic capacitor so the capacitor
00:18:12.050 00:18:12.060 we're going to test is rated 100 micro
00:18:15.080 00:18:15.090 farad at 25 volts and as you can see it
00:18:17.630 00:18:17.640 looks like it's in nice condition
00:18:19.190 00:18:19.200 the vent hasn't popped or anything like
00:18:20.810 00:18:20.820 that so the first test we're going to
00:18:24.080 00:18:24.090 perform is a capacitance test so I'll
00:18:26.960 00:18:26.970 take this capacitor and plug it into
00:18:28.460 00:18:28.470 these slots right here and we have 104
00:18:33.290 00:18:33.300 micro farad capacitors rated at 100
00:18:36.740 00:18:36.750 micro farad looks pretty good
00:18:38.800 00:18:38.810 now let's perform an ESR test so in
00:18:43.010 00:18:43.020 order to use this little meter here what
00:18:45.740 00:18:45.750 we need to do first is turn the meter on
00:18:48.190 00:18:48.200 since this is a low ohms meter it wants
00:18:51.080 00:18:51.090 to read its own lead resistance so we
00:18:53.450 00:18:53.460 have to zero that out clip the leads
00:18:55.370 00:18:55.380 together first and then hit the button
00:18:57.680 00:18:57.690 one more time and it zeros that out so
00:19:02.360 00:19:02.370 now we'll take this 100 micro farad 25
00:19:05.900 00:19:05.910 volt capacitor and test its ESR and as
00:19:11.810 00:19:11.820 you can see we have 0.54 of an ohm so
00:19:16.280 00:19:16.290 remember that point 5 4 if we take a
00:19:20.660 00:19:20.670 look at the chart here we can see 100
00:19:23.540 00:19:23.550 micro farad at 25 volts the approximate
00:19:26.870 00:19:26.880 worst ESR value is 0.32 this capacitor
00:19:32.720 00:19:32.730 is reading point 5 4 which means that
00:19:35.960 00:19:35.970 this capacitor has excessive ESR and
00:19:38.660 00:19:38.670 needs to be replaced so you can see how
00:19:42.770 00:19:42.780 important it is to perform multiple
00:19:44.720 00:19:44.730 tests on many capacitors just doing a
00:19:48.170 00:19:48.180 simple capacitance test much of the time
00:19:50.600 00:19:50.610 is not enough thanks for stopping by the
00:19:54.500 00:19:54.510 lab today hope you enjoyed this episode
00:19:56.240 00:19:56.250 involving all of these capacitor testers
00:19:58.490 00:19:58.500 if you did you can let me know by giving
00:20:00.620 00:20:00.630 me a big thumbs up and hang around will
00:20:03.050 00:20:03.060 be many more episodes coming like this
00:20:04.700 00:20:04.710 in the near future if you haven't
00:20:06.710 00:20:06.720 subscribed
00:20:07.430 00:20:07.440 you may want to do that as well I also
00:20:10.249 00:20:10.259 have an ongoing electronics course on
00:20:12.649 00:20:12.659 patreon that covers vacuum tube and
00:20:14.899 00:20:14.909 solid-state electronics and it's
00:20:17.570 00:20:17.580 friendly to all skill levels so I'll
00:20:20.450 00:20:20.460 have the link just below the video right
00:20:22.340 00:20:22.350 about here if you're interested in
00:20:23.960 00:20:23.970 taking part in that might want to check
00:20:25.789 00:20:25.799 that out as well so until next time take
00:20:29.779 00:20:29.789 care bye for now
00:20:40.659 00:20:40.669 you
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